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history & Philosophy of medicine 2024年第1期6卷 14-18页

作者： Jian-Liang Huang Kun-Lan Zuo Huan Liu Department of history of Science and Scientific Archaeology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan 430072China

The mass communication model and interactive ritual chain theory,which serve as communication paradigms in the new media era,facilitate and enhance the synergy between the fields of social history of medicine and health *** study employs a comprehensive framework based on the five elements of the mass communication model:information source,communication subject,communication object,message content,and post-communication ***,it incorporates the interactive ritual chain theory to examine the evolving dynamics and developmental trajectory of research in the social history of medicine during the new media ***,this paper acknowledges the existing interaction gaps in the interaction between health communication and the social history of medicine research while outlining the challenges for fostering collaboration and proposing strategic optimizations for effective integration.

关键词： history of medicine health communication mass communication interaction mechanisms interaction ritual chain theory

A Concise history of Islamic medicine: An Introduction to the Origins of medicine in Islamic Civilization, Its Impact on the Evolution of Global medicine, and Its Place in the Medical World Today

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International Journal of Clinical medicine 2022年第4期13卷 180-197页

作者： Homayun Shahpesandy Tarik Al-Kubaisy Rosemary Mohammed-Ali Ahmed Oladosu Rachael Middleton Nermin Saleh Ash Villa Willoughby Road Greylees Sleaford NG34 8QA Lincolnshire Partnership NHS Foundation Trust UK Early Intervention Psychosis Team Meridian House Normanby Road Scunthorpe North Lincolnshire DN15 8QZ Rotherham Don-caster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust UK The Hartsholme Centre Long Leys Road Lincoln LN1 1FS Lincolnshire NHS Foundation Trust UK Carlholme Court Long Leys Road Lincoln LN1 1FS Lincolnshire NHS Foundation Trust UK

The practice of medicine in Muslim nations dates to the millennia before the advent of the religion of Islam. As far as the pre-Islamic period is concerned, what evidence is available indicates the medical evolution began nearly 6000 years ago in Mesopotamia, where medicine for the first time in history became a recognised profession. In ancient Egypt, it was practised by priest-physicians who demonstrated astonishing knowledge in various medical subjects. The origins of medicine in ancient Persia (Afghanistan, Iran, and parts of Central Asia) span the 6th century B.C. and to the Zoroastrian religious book of Avesta, which delved into such topics as preventive and clinical medicine. In reference to the account of medicine in the Arab peninsula, limited information exists. In terms of post-Islamic ages, the foundations of Islamic science were laid during the reign of the second Abbasid Caliph, al-Mansur, and the establishment of Baghdad as its capital in 762 A.D., when the Arabic translation movement commenced. During the next six centuries, medicine and other fields of science flourished, and prominent physicians such as the Bukht Yishu family, Razī, Majūsī, Avicenna, Jorjanī, Al-Zahrāwī, and other scientists emerged. In both the pre- and post-Islamic ages, Islamic medicine was heavily influenced by Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Persian, Indian, and, predominantly, Greek medicine. Nevertheless, the advancements and innovations in medical science and healthcare systems that were achieved during the early and medieval Islamic ages have indubitably made an invaluable contribution to the evolution of medicine throughout the world, and to the invention of numerous procedures and practices which are still widely performed today. Hence, the value of comprehending the pivotal role Islamic medicine played (and indeed still plays) in the progression of medical practice across the globe cannot be overstated.

关键词： history of medicine Islamic Civilisation Balkhi Razi Avicenna

"history of medicine"-a neglected topic in medical schools in India, Nepal, and the Caribbean

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history & Philosophy of medicine 2021年第4期3卷 22-24页

作者： Pathiyil Ravi Shankar International Medical University Bukit JalilKuala LumpurMalaysia

history of medicine is not addressed in medical schools in India,Nepal,and the *** history of medicine in these areas include indigenous medical systems,the western medicine introduced by the colonial powers,and the medical systems developed after independence or overthrow of *** the meantime,less attention has been paid to teaching"history of medicine".There are several advantages in teaching the history of medicine to medical *** on the history of medicine can be offered both face-to-face and online.

关键词： Caribbean history of medicine India Medical schools Nepal

Subjectivities of the Scientific Endeavor:Noting the Illusion of Objectivity in the history of Science and medicine

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history & Philosophy of medicine 2022年第1期4卷 4-8页

作者： Imanni K.Sheppard Carle Illinois College of medicine IllinoisU.S.A.

The history of science and medicine has long been steeped in the notion that they are objective(untainted by the philosophical and ideological ebbs and flows of society)and utilitarian(doing what is best for the greater good).Because of this,scientific and medical epistemologies and praxis are often held to an esteem that is unquestioned,celebrated,and occasionally unchecked.A closer look at the history of science and medicine,however,readily reveal the extent to which the milieu of society has informed scientific and medical *** such,an understanding of how the subjectivities of scientific and medical endeavors situate within our contemporary disciplines and practices is significant to one’s ability to truly understand said ***,such an evaluation will provide insight into our role in perpetuating the illusion of objectivity in these *** this in mind,this paper provides a philosophical and historical examination of the concept of objectivity(in contrast to subjectivity)in science and medicine.

关键词： objectivity subjectivity history of science history of medicine natural law

Alanine aminotransferase predicts incident steatotic liver disease of metabolic etiology: Long life to the old biomarker!

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第24期30卷 3016-3021页

作者： Amedeo Lonardo Department of Internal medicine Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena(2023)Modena 41126Italy

Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)serum levels increase because of hepatocellular *** dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),which identifies steatotic liver disease(SLD)associated with≥2 metabolic abnormalities,has prominent sexual *** Metabolic Syndrome defines a cluster comprising abdominal obesity,altered glucose metabolism,dyslipidemia,and *** sex,body mass index,glucose,lipids,ferritin,hypertension,and age independently predict ALT levels among blood *** the last few decades,the reference range of ALT levels has been animatedly debated owing to attempts to update sex-specific reference *** this backset,Chen et al have recently published a study which has two main ***,>80%of indi-viduals with MAFLD had normal ALT ***,there was a linear increa-sing trend in the association between cumulative excess high-normal ALT levels and the rate of incident *** study has biologically credible ***,it inaccurately considered sex differences in the MAFLD ***,future studies on SLD owing to metabolic dysfunction should adopt locally determined and prospectively validated reference ranges of ALT and carefully consider sex differences in liver enzymes and MAFLD pathobiology.

关键词： Alanine aminotransferase Biomarker history of medicine Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolism Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Reference range Sex differences Steatotic liver disease

Dissemination of Traditional Chinese medicine in Latin America and the Caribbean: the Cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba

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Chinese medicine and Culture 2023年第4期6卷 330-338页

作者： Patricia Palma Departamento de Ciencias Históricas y Geográficas Universidad de TarapacáTarapacá1010069Chile

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) arrived from China to Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1840s due to the massive migration of Chinese people to the region. In a few years, the press noticed the presence of Chinese herbalists practicing in different cities and countries regardless of the demographic weight of the Chinese community. The fascination with Chinese doctors implicated not only the press but also the literature, a phenomenon particularly observed in Cuba. In the first decades of the 20th century, the reactivation of Chinese immigration to the region fostered an anti-Chinese climate that materialized in more significant migratory restrictions and control of their businesses, such as what happened with Chinese herbalists. These herbalists who practiced inside and outside the Chinese community started to object to criticism and persecution by the conservative press and professional doctors. Despite this, Chinese doctors will continue to maintain their support of a significant number of ill persons. This work seeks to illuminate the historical relevance of TCM in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on the cases of Peru, Chile, and Cuba. This last country was far from China culturally and geographically, but as in many other small towns in the region, Chinese medicine presented an alternative to the treatment of illnesses.

关键词： Caribbean Chile Chinese migration Cuba history of medicine Latin America Peru Traditional Chinese medicine

Shedding light in otolaryngology: A brief history on the surgical tools of visualization and access

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第3期8卷 245-248页

作者： E.Berryhill McCarty Ariel Frost Perelman School of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head andNeck Surgery Hospital of theUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Visualization and access. Historically, these have been the two major factors that have limited advancement in the field of Otolaryngology. No other surgical specialty deals with anatomical challenges quite like those presented by the structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngology is a field of dark cavities, complex and miniscule structures, and awkward angles. The aim of this article is to briefly explore how Otolaryngologists have historically met these challenges, with a specific focus on technological advancements in illumination, visualization, and access. From mirrors reflecting candlelight to fiberoptic illuminated scopes, from bamboo nasal speculums to Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS), tracing the historical arc of these technologies highlights the innovative spirit that has come to define the field of Otolaryngology.

关键词： Access history of medicine illumination otolaryngology surgical tools visualization

Nevada: the first state that fully legalized acupuncture and Chinese medicine in the Unites States——In memory of Arthur Steinberg, Yee Kung Lok and Jim Joyce who made it happen

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2015年第2期13卷 72-79页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Mc Lean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC.

1 Introduction In the United States, the largest groups of acupuncture or traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） practitioners settled and still remain in California and New York, as these two states historically have the largest, most concentrated Asian populations. The TCM practitioners originally worked in a legal gray-zone, sometimes even being treated as illegal practitioners by the local governments, since TCM licensing laws did not exist until late 1973[1]. The first legal acupuncture clinic was established in Washington, D.C. in 1972[2], but Nevada was the first state that passed a full practicing law for acupuncture and TCM[3]. Under- standing the legal history of acupuncture in the U.S. will help us to see the road ahead more clearly.

关键词： acupuncture Chinese medicine legislation United States Nevada history of medicine ArthurSteinberg Yee Kung Lok Jim Joyce

Dialogue with Dr. Lixing Lao:from a factory electrician to an international scholar of Chinese medicine

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2013年第4期11卷 278-284页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine

Dr. Lixing Lao, an internationally known scholar of Chinese medicine renowned for his clinical and mechanisms research, is the Director of the Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） Program at the Center for Integrative medicine, University of Maryland （UM） School of medicine; the Co-Chair of the Acupuncture Research Society; and the former Editor-in-Chief of the American Acupuncturist, the official journal of the American Association of Acupuncture and Oriental medicine. The Baltimore Magazine has listed Dr. Lao as one of the nation＇s top acupuncture practitioners （Figure 1 ）.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture United States University of Maryland interview as topic history of medicine Dr. Lixing Lao

The legendary life of *** Shek Ju, the founding father of the education of acupuncture and Chinese medicine in the United States

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2016年第3期14卷 159-164页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLC

Several stories of various pioneers establishing acupuncture and Chinese medicine （ACM） practices in the United States （U.S.） have been documented. However, the establishment of schools for ACM signaled the establishment of ACM as an established profession in the U.S. One of the first persons who wanted to set-up a school for Chinese medicine in the U.S. was Dr. Tom Foo Yuen （谭富园, August 7, 1858 - July 10, 1947） during the late 1800s in Los Angeles （LA）, California. However, it was not until 1969 or 1970 that the first informal ACM school was actually established in the U.S. This school was called the Institute for Taoist Study, and was located in LA. However, this school was not registered with the local government and Dr. Gim Shek Ju was the sole teacher at that time.

关键词： acupuncture Chinese medicine United States education history of medicine Gim Shek Ju