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heavy metals in maternal and cord blood in Beijing and their efficiency of placental transfer

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第6期31卷 99-106页

作者： Aijing Li Taifeng Zhuang Jianbo Shi Yong Liang Maoyong Song Institute of Environment and Health Jianghan University Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Pediatrics Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This study aimed to determine the effect of exposure to heavy metals in pregnant women in Beijing, China. We also evaluated the association of these heavy metals with birth weight and length of newborns. We measured the levels of 10 heavy metals,including lead(Pb), titanium(Ti), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), cadmium(Cd), chromium(Cr), antimony(Sb), stannum(Sn), vanadium(V), and arsenic(As), in 156 maternal and cord blood pairs. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was used for measurement. Pb, As, Ti, Mn, and Sb showed high detection rates(> 50%) in both maternal and cord blood. Fourteen(9%) mothers had blood Pb levels greater than the United States Center for Disease Control allowable threshold limit for children(50 μg/L).In prenatal exposure to these heavy metals, there was no significant association between any heavy metal and birth weight/length. Moreover, we estimated the placental transfer efficiency of each heavy metal, and the median placental transfer efficiency ranged from 49.6%(Ni) to 194%(Mn)(except for Cd and Sn). The level and detection rate of Cd in maternal blood were much higher than that in cord blood, which suggested that Cd had difficulty in passing the placental barrier. Prospective research should focus on the source and risk of heavy metals in non-occupationally exposed pregnant women in Beijing.

关键词： heavy metal Maternal blood Cord blood Newborn Placental transfer efficiency

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Cumulative Risk Assessment of Exposure to heavy Metals through Aquatic Products in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2021年第8期34卷 606-615页

作者： WANG Hui MAO Wei Feng JIANG Ding Guo LIU Si Jie ZHANG Lei NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment Chinese Academy of Medical Science Research UnitChina National Center for Food Safety Risk AssessmentBeijing 100022China Department of Physical and Chemical Test Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionChangchun 130062JilinChina

Objective This study aimed to assess the risk of cumulative exposure to Pb,Cd,Hg,and iAs through aquatic products consumed by Chinese people.Methods heavy metal concentration data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring program during 2013–2017.Consumption data were derived from the China National Food Consumption Survey in 2014 and the relative potency factor(RPF)method was used to estimate cumulative exposure for neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Results The results demonstrated that the cumulative exposure based on neurotoxicity was below the lower confidence limit on benchmark doses of lead(BMDL01)for nephrotoxicity and the cumulative exposures were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI)of Cd.However,the margin of exposure values(MOEs)of the cumulative exposures for neurotoxicity in the 2–6 year-old group was close to 1 and the cumulative exposure level for nephrotoxicity accounted for 90.21%of the PTMI.Conclusion The cumulative exposures of the 2–6 year-old group to the four heavy metals did not reach(but came close to)the corresponding safety threshold for both neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.Given that there are still other food sources of these four heavy metals,it is necessary to more closely study their cumulative health effects.

关键词： Arsenic Lead Cadmium Mercury Aquatic products heavy metals

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Relationship between heavy metals and dissolved organic matter released from sediment by bioturbation/bioirrigation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 216-223页

作者： Yi He Bin Men Xiaofang Yang Yaxuan Li Hui Xu Dongsheng Wang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

Organic matter(OM) is an important component of sediment. Bioturbation/bioirrigation can remobilize OM and heavy metals that were previously buried in the sediment. The remobilization of buried organic matter, thallium(Tl), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) from sediment was studied in a laboratory experiment with three organisms: tubificid,chironomid larvae and loach. Results showed that bioturbation/bioirrigation promoted the release of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and dissolved Tl, Cd, Cu and Zn, but only dissolved Zn concentrations decreased with exposure time in overlying water. The presence of organisms altered the compositions of DOM released from sediment,considerably increasing the percentage of fulvic acid-like materials(FA) and humic acidlike materials(HA). In addition, bioturbation/bioirrigation accelerated the growth and reproduction of bacteria to enhance the proportion of soluble microbial byproduct-like materials(SMP). The DOM was divided into five regions in the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3 D-EEM), and each part had different correlation with the dissolved heavy metal concentrations. Dissolved Cu had the best correlation with each of the DOM compositions, indicating that Cu in the sediment was in the organic-bound form.Furthermore, the organism type and heavy metal characteristics both played a role in influencing the remobilization of heavy metal.

关键词： Bioturb ation/bioirrigation heavy metal Sediment DOM

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heavy metal free primers: Polymorphism of gadolinium and titanium in the context of GSR glass phase

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第3期15卷 272-275页

作者： Felice Nunziata the Chartered Society of Forensic Science Italy

The possibility of identifying gunshot residue (GSR) particles produced by non-toxic primers containing only titanium and zinc is a very difficult task using SEM/EDX analysis employed in the analysis of GSR originating from primers containing lead, barium and antimony. However, Bauer et al. demonstrated that non-toxic (TieZn) primers form a TiZn2O4 spinel crystalline structure using SEM/EDX with EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction) and TKD (Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction), whereas GSR originating from gadolinium-doped TieZn primers form a non-crystalline glass phase. Here, a possible explanation of these different phenomena is hypothesized.

关键词： GSR heavy metal free primers Gadolinium Glass phase EBSD TKD

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Development of a model to simulate soil heavy metals lateral migration quantity based on SWAT in Huanjiang watershed,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 115-129页

作者： Pengwei Qiao Mei Lei Sucai Yang Jun Yang Xiaoyong Zhou Nan Dong Guanghui Guo Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Remediation of Industrial Pollution Sites Environmental Protection Research Institute of Light Industry Comprehensive Institute of Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying Ltd.

Lateral transportation of soil heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity of heavy metals. A model for heavy metal migration simulation was developed based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. This model took into consideration the influence of soil p H value, soil particle size, runoff volume, sediment amount,concentration of water-soluble heavy metals dissolved in runoff and insoluble absorbed to the soil particles. This model was reasonable in Huanjiang watershed, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south China, covering an area of 273 km^2. The optimal drainage area threshold was determined by analyzing the effects of watershed subdivision on the simulation results to ensure the simulation accuracy. The main conclusions of this paper were:(1) watershed subdivision could affect simulation migration quantity of heavy metals;(2) the quantity of heavy metals transported by sediment accounted for 97%–99% of the total migration quantity in the study watershed. Therefore, sediment played the most important role in heavy metal migration;(3) the optimal drainage area threshold percentage to ensure high simulation accuracy was determined to be 2.01% of the total watershed;(4) with the optimal threshold percentage, this model could simulate the migration quantity of As, Pb and Cd accurately at the total watershed and subwatershed level. The results of this paper were useful for identifying the key regions with heavy metal migration.

关键词： Soil heavy metal migration Simulation model Watershed subdivision Optimal drainage area threshold percentage Simulation accuracy

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Water incubation-induced fluctuating release of heavy metals in two smelter-contaminated soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 14-23页

作者： Bin Yang Yunzhe Cao Jie Ren Mei Wang Huilong Luo Fasheng Li College of Water Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University

The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.

关键词： Smelter-contaminated soil heavy metals Water incubation Release Fraction

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Response of ammonia-oxidizing archaea to heavy metal contamination in freshwater sediment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第3期31卷 392-399页

作者： Ningning Li Yao Chen Zhengke Zhang Sha Chang Dawei Huang Sili Chen Qingwei Guo Shuguang Xie Yongxin Bing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES) Ministry of Environment Protection (MEP)

It has been well-documented that the distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) and archaea(AOA) in soils can be affected by heavy metal contamination, whereas information about the impact of heavy metal on these ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in freshwater sediment is still lacking. The present study explored the change of sediment ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in a freshwater reservoir after being accidentally contaminated by industrial discharge containing high levels of metals. Bacterial amoA gene was found to be below the quantitative PCR detection and was not successfully amplified by conventional PCR. The number of archaeal amoA gene in reservoir sediments were 9.62 × 10~2–1.35 × 10~7 copies per gram dry sediment. AOA abundance continuously decreased, and AOA richness, diversity and community structure also considerably varied with time. Therefore, heavy metal pollution could have a profound impact on freshwater sediment AOA community. This work could expand our knowledge of the effect of heavy metal contamination on nitrification in natural ecosystems.

关键词： Ammonia-oxidizing archaea Freshwater sediment heavy metal Nitrosopumilus

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Environmental application of three-dimensional graphene materials as adsorbents for dyes and heavy metals: Review on ice-templating method and adsorption mechanisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 174-199页

作者： Kar Chiew Lai Lai Yee Lee Billie Yan Zhang Hiew Suchithra Thangalazhy-Gopakumar Suyin Gan Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus

The remediation of wastewater requires treatment technologies which are robust, efficient,simple to operate and affordable such as adsorption. Lately, three-dimensional(3D)graphene based materials have attracted significant attention as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment. The intrinsic properties of 3D graphene structure such as large surface area and interconnected porous structure can facilitate the transport of pollutants into the 3D network and provide abundant active sites for trapping the pollutants. For the synthesis of 3D graphene structure, ice-templating is commonly practiced due to its facile steps, cost effectiveness and high scalability potential. This review covers the icetemplating fabrication technique for 3D graphene based materials and their application as adsorbents in eliminating dyes and heavy metals from aqueous media. The assembly mechanisms of the ice-templating fsynthesis are comprehensively discussed. Further discussion on the fundamental principles, critical process parameters and characteristics of ice-templated 3D graphene structures is also included. A thorough review on the mechanisms for batch adsorption of dyes and heavy metals is presented based on the structures and properties of the 3D graphene materials. The review further evaluates the dynamic adsorption in packed columns and the regeneration of 3D graphene based materials.

关键词： Ice-templating 3D graphene based structure Adsorption mechanism Dyes heavy metals

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Emission of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第10期31卷 197-204页

作者： Haijun Lou Yuejiao Hao Weiwei Zhang Penghao Su Fan Zhang Yingjun Chen Daolun Feng Yifan Li College of Merchant Marine Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai 201306 China Department of Environmental Engineering Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai 201306 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances(IJRC-PTS) Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai 200135 China International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances(IJRC-PTS-NA) Toronto Ontario M2N 6X9 Canada

Intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs)are crucial precursors of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this study,gaseous IVOCs emitted from a ship main engine burning heavy fuel oil(HFO)were investigated on a test bench,which could simulate the real-world operations and emissions of ocean-going ships.The chemical compositions,emission factors(EFs)and volatility distributions of IVOC emissions were investigated.The results showed that the main engine burning HFO emitted a large amount of IVOCs,with average IVOC EFs of 20.2-201 mg/kg-fuel.The IVOCs were mainly comprised of unspeciated compounds.The chemical compositions of exhaust IVOCs were different from that of HFO fuel,especially for polycyclic aromatic compounds and alkylcyclohexanes.The volatility distributions of IVOCs were also different between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel.The distinctions in IVOC emission characteristics between HFO exhausts and HFO fuel should be considered when assessing the IVOC emission and related SOA formation potentials from ocean-going ships burning HFO,especially when using fuel-surrogate models.

关键词： Marine main engine Intermediate-volatility organic compounds heavy fuel oil Emission factor Chemical composition Distribution

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Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction followed by analytical instrumental techniques for quantitative analysis of heavy metal ions and pharmaceuticals

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第2期10卷 109-122页

作者： Wajid Ali Khan Muhammad Balal Arain Yadollah Yamini Nasrullah Shah Tasneem Gul Kazi Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard Mohammad Tajik Department of Chemistry Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan23200KPKPakistan Department of Chemistry University of Karachi75270KarachiPakistan Department of Chemistry Tarbiat Modares UniversityP.O.Box 14115-175TehranIran National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of SindhJamshoro76080SindhPakistan School of Pharmacy University of OsloOsloNorway

Hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME)and electromembrane extraction(EME)are miniaturized extraction techniques,and have been coupled with various analytical instruments for trace analysis of heavy metals,drugs and other organic compounds,in recent years.HF-LPME and EME provide high selectivity,efficient sample cleanup and enrichment,and reduce the consumption of organic sol-vents to a few micro-liters per sample.HF-LPME and EME are compatible with different analytical in-struments for chromatography,electrophoresis,atomic spectroscopy,mass spectrometry,and electrochemical detection.HF-LPME and EME have gained significant popularity during the recent years.This review focuses on hollow fiber based techniques(especially HF-LPME and EME)of heavy metals and pharmaceuticals(published 2017 to May 2019),and their combinations with atomic spectroscopy,UV-VIS spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography,gas chromatography,capillary elec-trophoresis,and voltammetry.

关键词： Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction Electromembrane extraction heavy metals Pharmaceuticals Instrumental techniques

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