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heat stress induced hepatocyte apoptosis in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides via IRE1α/TRAF2/ASK1/JNK pathway

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第3期42卷 988-1000页

作者： Xuqian ZHAO Wenjia MAO Zijie LIN Qufei LING School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000China

heat stress(HS)has been shown to adversely affect fish livers and can lead to extensive apoptosis.To investigate the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and HS-induced apoptosis in fish livers,we isolated and cultured primary hepatocytes of largemouth bass,Micropterus salmoides by trypsin method,then established an in-vitro model of liver cells under HS(35℃).The contents of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)were determined to evaluate the effects of HS on hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress.RT-qPCR was performed to discover the key genes in unfolded protein response(UPR)pathways involved at different HS duration.ERS inhibitor 4-PBA and IRE1αinhibitor 4μ8C were used to further investigate the effects of HS on IRE1αapoptosis pathway in hepatocytes.Results show that HS led to significant increases in the release of LDH,the content of H2O2,and the expressions of oxidative protein folding genes(ero1αand pdi)under HS,suggesting severe hepatocyte injury and oxidative stress happened in heat-stressed largemouth bass hepatocytes.The continuous activation of IRE1αpathway genes(grp78,grp94,atf6,perk,eif2a,atf4,chop,ire1α,traf2,ask1,jnk1,and jnk2)indicated that HS led significantly to ER stress.In particular,the mRNA expression levels of ER stress-related genes(grp78,grp94,atf6,perk,ire1α,chop,jnk1,and jnk2)in the high temperature(HT)+4-PBA group and the HT+4μ8C group were significantly down-regulated under HS.After 4μ8C treatment,the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes(caspase-2,caspase-3,caspase-6,caspase-7,caspase-8,caspase-9,and caspase-10)and LDH content were significantly decreased,whereas the cell survival rate was significantly increased when given 4-PBA or 4μ8C treatment.These findings demonstrate that HS could induce liver apoptosis of largemouth bass through the IRE1αpathway,which may act as a key switch mediating liver apoptosis of largemouth bass under HS.

关键词： heat stress Micropterus salmoides endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis oxidative stress

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Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 344-361页

作者： Wenchao Liu Huimei Liu Yaoyao Wang Zhongxiang Zhao Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian Rajesh Jha Department of Animal Science College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088People’s Republic of China Department of Food Science and Biotechnology College of Life ScienceSejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Global warming leading to heat stress(HS)is becoming a major challenge for broiler production.This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed(Enteromorpha prolifera)polysaccharides(EPS)on the intestinal barrier function,microbial ecology,and performance of broilers under HS.A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers(male,56 days old)with 682.59±7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups:1)TN(thermal neutral zone,23.6±1.8℃),2)HS(heat stress,33.2±1.5℃ for 10 h/d),and 3)HSE(HS+0.1%EPS).Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate.The study was conducted for 4 weeks;feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4.At the end of the feeding trial,small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology,antioxidant,secretory immunoglobulin A(s Ig A)content,apoptosis,gene and protein expression analysis;cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S r DNA sequencing.Results Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain(ADG)of broilers during 3–4 weeks of HS(Pheat-stressed broilers(Pheat-stressed broilers.Furthermore,the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression(P<0.05)and negatively correlated with j

关键词： Broilers Cecal microbiota heat stress Intestinal barrier function Seaweed polysaccharides

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Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short‑term heat stress and recovery conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 812-825页

作者： A-Rang Son Seon-Ho Kim Mahfuzul Islam Michelle Miguel Ye Pyae Naing Sang-Suk Lee Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory Department of Animal Science and TechnologySunchon National UniversitySuncheon 57922Korea Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka 1207Bangladesh

Background This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses,oxidative stress reduction,and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves(123.81±9.76 kg;5 months old)during short-term heat stress(HS)and recovery periods.Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups:no mineral supplementation(Con),inorganic minerals(IM),organic minerals(OM),and high-concentration organic minerals(HOM)and two thermal environments(HS and recovery)using 4×2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d.Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn.The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS,14 d of recovery condititon,and a 7-d washing period.Results Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions(P0.05).The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation;however,temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated(PERMANOVA:P<0.05).At the phylum level,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased,whereas Fibrobacteres,Spirochaetes,and Tenericutes increased(P<0.05),under HS conditions.The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions,while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions(P<0.05).Conclusion HOM supplementation during HS reduced cor

关键词： Antioxidant status heat stress Holstein bull calves Organic mineral supplementation Oxidative stress

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Pre‑hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1071-1085页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Ajay Chaudhary Prem Lal Mahato Rajesh Jha Birendra Mishra Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawai’i at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction performance.Several dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in broilers.Developing novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically needed.This study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed broilers.Results Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 d.After candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till hatch.After hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM groups.RH was constant(50%±5%)throughout the trial.All the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at Pheat stress significantly decreased(Pheat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS birds.The cecal microbial analysis showed significan

关键词： Baicalein Growth performance Gut microbiota heat stress Thermal manipulation

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Differential expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in the livers of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides under heat stress

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第2期42卷 594-608页

作者： Xuqian ZHAO Zijie LIN Caijuan LI Hao ZHU Lingling LI Wenjia MAO Qufei LING School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences Suzhou Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000China

Global warming threatens freshwater ecosystems and compromises fish survival.To elucidate the role of miRNAs in the livers of heat stressed largemouth bass,juvenile fish was subject to heat stress under 37°C.Both mRNA-seq and miRNA-seq were conducted on the liver tissues under control and heat stress conditions.Differential gene expression analysis and enrichment analysis were performed on mRNA and miRNA expression profiles.A total of 406 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were discovered,of which 212 were up-regulated and 194 were down-regulated.Most of the DEGs were significantly implicated in the regulation of“protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”,“proteasome”,“steroid biosynthesis”,and“ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor activity”pathways.In addition,47 differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMs)were identified in largemouth bass livers under heat stress,including 21 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated miRNAs.A negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA network including 12 miRNAs and 19 mRNAs was constructed with DEMs involved in“protein degradation”,“calcium ion regulation”,“cell apoptosis”,and“lipid metabolism”.Moreover,this study indicated novel-miR-144 activated the IRE1 signaling pathway by targeting txndc5 to induce liver apoptosis in largemouth bass under heat stress.This study revealed the involvement of miRNA regulation in largemouth bass in response to heat stress.

关键词： heat stress largemouth bass miRNA-mRNA interaction

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Impact of Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum Postbiotics on the Performance of Layer Hens under heat stress Conditions

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 39-55页

作者： Mohamad Farran Bouchra El Masry Zeinab Kaouk Houssam Shaib Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon

This experiment was conducted to determine the performance of heat-stressed layers fed a diet containing the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 or its products of fermentation (postbiotics). Twenty-week-old Isa White layers, were subdivided into six treatments of 32 individually caged birds. Half of the birds were reared under regular temperature conditions, while the other half was subjected to cyclic daily heat stress. Layers were offered one of three diets: 1) Control;2) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 probiotic;3) Control + Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 postbiotics. Birds were tested for performance and visceral organ development for 5 months. heat stress negatively affected the birds’ feed intake, egg weight, shell weight percentage, Haugh unit, shell thickness, yolk color, body weight and spleen weight percentage. Postbiotics significantly increased egg production (p heat stress impact in poultry industry.

关键词： Lactobacillus plantarum Layers heat stress Postbiotic Probiotics Performance

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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh Tuck Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive function.While heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and function.Methods:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,respectively.In a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling strategy.Data were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Results:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive hyperthermia.Executive function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital cortex.Conversely,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural perturbations.Conclusion:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

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Supplementation of vitamin E or a botanical extract as antioxidants to improve growth performance and health of growing pigs housed under thermoneutral or heat-stressed conditions

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1101-1118页

作者： Ysenia V.Silva‑Guillen Consuelo Arellano Jeffrey Wiegert R.Dean Boyd Gabriela E.Martinez Eric van Heugten Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Statistics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Animal Nutrition Research LLCAlvatonKY 42122USA.

Background heat stress has severe negative consequences on performance and health of pigs,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental vitamin E and a botanical extract in feed or drinking water on growth performance,intestinal health,and oxidative and immune status in grow-ing pigs housed under heat stress conditions.Methods Duplicate experiments were conducted,each using 64 crossbred pigs with an initial body weight of 50.7±3.8 and 43.9±3.6 kg and age of 13-week and 12-week,respectively.Pigs(n=128)were housed individually and assigned within weight blocks and sex to a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 environments(thermo-neutral(21.2℃)or heat-stressed(30.9℃))and 4 supplementation treatments(control diet;control+100 IU/L of D-α-tocopherol in water;control+200 IU/kg of DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate in feed;or control+400 mg/kg of a botanical extract in feed).Results heat stress for 28 d reduced(P≤0.001)final body weight,average daily gain,and average daily feed intake(-7.4 kg,-26.7%,and-25.4%,respectively)but no effects of supplementation were detected(P>0.05).Serum vitamin E increased(Pheat stress on d 2,but increased on d 28(interaction,Pheat stress,but increased in the ileum when vitamin E was supplemented in feed and water under heat stress(interaction,P=0.04).Tumor necrosis factor-αin jejunum and ileum mucosa decreased by heat stress(Pheat

关键词： Botanical extract Growing pigs heat stress Immune status Oxidative status Tocopherol Water

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heat stress in pigs and broilers:role of gut dysbiosis in the impairment of the gut-liver axis and restoration of these effects by probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 465-480页

作者： Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich‑Buff‑Ring 26‑3235392 GiessenGermany

heat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity,health and welfare.Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress,birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands.Con-vincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis,a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota,develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress.Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier,gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia,which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs,such as reduced feed intake,decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight.A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural,biochemical,and immunologi-cal elements of the intestinal barrier.In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers,the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics,prebiotics or synbiot-ics were accompanied by an improved productivity,health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress.These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions.Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited,the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity,health and welfare in pigs kept under heat st

关键词： Broilers Commensal bacteria Gut dysbiosis heat stress Pigs Prebiotics Probiotics Synbiotics

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heat stress impacts the multi-domain ruminal microbiota and some of the functional features independent of its effect on feed intake in lactating dairy cows

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1902-1916页

作者： Tansol Park Lu Ma Shengtao Gao Dengpan Bu Zhongtang Yu Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Animal Science and Technology Chung-Ang UniversityAnseong-siGyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193People’s Republic of China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry Beijing 100193People’s Republic of China

Background:heat stress(HS)affects the ruminal microbiota and decreases the lactation performance of dairy cows.Because HS decreases feed intake,the results of previous studies were confounded by the effect of HS on feed intake.This study examined the direct effect of HS on the ruminal microbiota using lactating Holstein cows that were pair-fed and housed in environmental chambers in a 2×2 crossover design.The cows were pair-fed the same amount of identical total mixed ration to eliminate the effect of feed or feed intake.The composition and structure of the microbiota of prokaryotes,fungi,and protozoa were analyzed using metataxonomics and compared between two thermal conditions:pair-fed thermoneutrality(PFTN,thermal humidity index:65.5)and HS(87.2 for daytime and 81.8 for nighttime).Results:The HS conditions altered the structure of the prokaryotic microbiota and the protozoal microbiota,but not the fungal microbiota.heat stress significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes(primarily Gram-negative bacteria)while decreasing that of Firmicutes(primarily Gram-positive bacteria)and the Firmicutes-toBacteroidetes ratio.Some genera were exclusively found in the heat-stressed cows and thermal control cows.Some co-occurrence and mutual exclusion between some genera were also found exclusively for each thermal condition.heat stress did not significantly affect the overall functional features predicted using the 16S rRNA gene sequences and ITS1 sequences,but some enzyme-coding genes altered their relative abundance in response to HS.Conclusions:Overall,HS affected the prokaryotes,fungi,and protozoa of the ruminal microbiota in lactating Holstein cows to a different extent,but the effect on the structure of ruminal microbiota and functional profiles was limited when not confounded by the effect on feed intake.However,some genera and co-occurrence were exclusively found in the rumen of heat-stressed cows.These effects should be attributed to the direct effect of heat stress on the host metabolism,physiolog

关键词： Functional profiles heat stress Microbiome Multi-kingdom Network analysis Ruminal microbiota

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