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Global trends in hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma mortality:A public database analysis(1999-2019)

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 69-83页

作者： Hassam Ali Fnu Vikash Vishali Moond Fatima Khalid Abdur Rehman Jamil Dushyant Singh Dahiya Amir Humza Sohail Manesh Kumar Gangwani Pratik Patel Sanjaya K Satapathy Department of Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States Department of Internal Medicine Saint Peter's University Hospital/Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine Quaid-e-Azam Medical CollegeBahawalpur 63100PunjabPakistan Department of Internal Medicine Samaritan Medical CentreWatertownMA 13601United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityKS 66160United States Department of Surgery New York University Winthrop HospitalNew YorkMineloaNY 11501United States Department of Internal Medicine The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States Department of Gastroenterology Mather Hospital/Hofstra University Zucker School of MedicineNY 11777United States Division of Hepatology Department of MedicineNorth Shore University HospitalManhassetNY 11030United States

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and it significantly contributes to the burden of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,there are marked variations in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC across different geographical regions.With the advent of new widely available treatment modalities,such as direct-acting antivirals,it is becoming increasingly imperative to understand the temporal and geographical trends in HCC mortality associated with Hepatitis C.Furthermore,gender disparities in HCC mortality related to Hepatitis C are a crucial,yet underexplored aspect that adds to the disease's global impact.While some studies shed light on gender-specific trends,there is a lack of comprehensive data on global and regional mortality rates,particularly those highlighting gender disparities.This gap in knowledge hinders the development of targeted interventions and resource allocation strategies.DISCUSSION The results of our study show an overall decline in the mortality rates of patients with hepatitis C-related HCC over the last two decades.Notably,females exhibited a remarkable decrease in mortality compared to males.Regionally,East Asia and the Pacific displayed a significant decline in mortality,while Europe and Central Asia witnessed an upward trend.Latin America and the Caribbean also experienced an increase in mortality rates.However,no significant difference was observed in the Middle East and North Africa.North America exhibited a notable upward trend.South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa significantly declined throughout the study period.This raises the hope of identifying areas for implementing more targeted resources.Despite some progress,multiple challenges remain in meeting the WHO 2030 goal of eliminating viral hepatitis[24].

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Antiviral agents Global Burden of Disease Quality indicators health care Liver neoplasms Hepatitis C Chronic hepatitis C

In-Hospital Outcomes in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery: First Results in a Brazilian Single Center

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Open Journal of Thoracic Surgery 2024年第1期14卷 17-28页

作者： Daniel de Magalhães Freitas João Alberto Pansani Max Weyler Nery Stanlley de Oliveira Loyola Maurício Lopes Prudente Giulliano Gardenghi Artur Henrique de Souza Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Encore Hospital Aparecida de Goiania Brazil Anesthesia Clinic (Clianest) Goiania Brazil

Introduction: Treatments for cardiovascular diseases have increasingly evolved with the tendency to offer minimally invasive or transcatheter procedures instead of conventional sternotomy surgery. In this context, we highlight minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS), which has been shown to be an increasingly solid option with some superior results when compared to the conventional technique: better pain control, shorter hospital stays, shorter recovery time, shorter readmission rate in the first postoperative year, better aesthetic results, and lower overall cost. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the stages of MIMVS, by primary mitral valve consultation, in our service and compare these results with data from the literature. Methods: All electronic medical records of patients who underwent MIMVS for primary mitral valve injury in the Encore Hospital from January 2020 to February 2023 were analyzed. Tabulation and statistical analysis were performed using the Microsoft Excel® program. Quantitative variables were presented as means, standard deviations. Results: 46 patients were enrolled in our study (Age: 59.1 ± 12.4 years old;60.8% Female, BMI: 26 ± 4.4 Kg/m2, Low risk STS score: 82.6%). The observed 30-day mortality was 2.1%, plastic rate of 23.9%, blood transfusion rate of 41.3%, length of stay in an intensive care bed (ICB) of 3.3 ± 3.3 days and hospital stay of 6.4 ± 5.1 days. Conclusions: We noticed that the MIMVS results carried out in our service agree with data from national and international literature with approximately 1.3 days more hospitalization in ICB.

关键词： Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures Mitral Valve Outcome Assessment health care

Decision-Making and Management of Self-care in Persons with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries: A Preliminary Study

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2024年第2期14卷 47-63页

作者： Paul E. Plonski Jasmin Vassileva Ryan Shahidi Paul B. Perrin William Carter Lance L. Goetz Amber Brochetti James M. Bjork Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center Richmond VA USA Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA Department of Spinal Cord Injury Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cleveland OH USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA

Patients and physicians understand the importance of self-care following spinal cord injury (SCI), yet many individuals with SCI do not adhere to recommended self-care activities despite logistical supports. Neurobehavioral determinants of SCI self-care behavior, such as impulsivity, are not widely studied, yet understanding them could inform efforts to improve SCI self-care. We explored associations between impulsivity and self-care in an observational study of 35 US adults age 18 - 50 who had traumatic SCI with paraplegia at least six months before assessment. The primary outcome measure was self-reported self-care. In LASSO regression models that included all neurobehavioral measures and demographics as predictors of self-care, dispositional measures of greater impulsivity (negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance), and reduced mindfulness were associated with reduced self-care. Outcome (magnitude) sensitivity, a latent decision-making parameter derived from computationally modeling successive choices in a gambling task, was also associated with self-care behavior. These results are preliminary;more research is needed to demonstrate the utility of these findings in clinical settings. Information about associations between impulsivity and poor self-care in people with SCI could guide the development of interventions to improve SCI self-care and help patients with elevated risks related to self-care and secondary health conditions.

关键词： Spinal Cord Injury Self-care Decision-Making Paraplegia Impulsive Behavior health care

Chinese child health care in 60 years

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第19期122卷 2241-2244页

作者： ZHAO Zheng-yan Department of Child health care Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310003 China

Much has been achieved in child health care over the .past 60 years since the founding of People＇s Republic of China in 1949. In the early years after 1949, a series of new laws provided the basis for the evolution of preventive medicine, vaccination, antibiotic drug treatment and the set-up of maternal and child health care institutions in China. Since the 1980s, programs aiming at controlling child mortality and protecting child health have been put into effect, greatly promoting child health care and primary prevention.

关键词： pediatrics health care infection malnutrition obesity congenital disorders

Meeting the health-care Needs of the Rural Elderly:The Unique Role of Village Doctors

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 44-60页

作者： Kimberly Singer Babiarz Hongmei Yi Renfu Luo Center for Primary care and Outcomes Research Stanford University Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Despite their recent deterioration, village clinics have historically been an important source of health care for the poor and elderly in rural China. In this paper, we examine the current role of village clinics, the patients who use them and some of the services they provide. We focus specifically on the role of village clinics in meeting the health-care needs of the rural poor and elderly. We find that although clinics are continuing to decline financially, they remain a source of care for the rural elderly and poor. We estimate that the elderly are 10-15 percent more likely than young individuals to seek care at a clinic. We show that clinics provide many unique services to support the rural elderly （and the elderly poor）, such as in-home patient care, the option for patients to pay on credit, and free and discounted services.

关键词： elderly health care village doctor

The Malaysian health care system:Ecology,plans,and reforms

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Family Medicine and Community health 2016年第3期4卷 19-29页

作者： Andrea Sebastian Mohamed Ali Alzain Collins Otieno Asweto Gehendra Mahara Xiuhua Guo Manshu Song Youxin Wang Wei Wang School of Public health Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology BeijingChina Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology BeijingChina School of Medical and health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityPerthWAAustralia Community Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of DongolaSudan

Malaysia is on its way to achieving developed nation status in the next 4 years.Currently,Malaysia is on track for three Millennium Development Goals(MDG1,MDG4,and MDG7).The maternal mortality rate,infant mortality rate,and mortality rate of children younger than 5 years improved from 25.6%(2012)to 6.6%(2013),and 7.7%(2012)per 100,000 live births,respectively whereas immunization coverage for infants increased to an average of 90%.As of 2013 the ratio of physicians to patients improved to 1:633 while the ratio of health facilities to the population was 1:10,272.The current government administration has proposed a reform in the form of the 10th Malaysian Plan coining the term“One care for One Malaysia”as the newly improved and reorganized health care plan,where efficiency,effectiveness,and equity are the main focus.This review illustrates Malaysia’s transition from pre-independence to the current state,and its health and socioeconomic achievement as a country.It aims to contribute knowledge through identifying the plans and reforms by the Malaysian government while highlighting the challenges faced as a nation.

关键词： health care health care reform One care Malaysia

health care Policy and Reform—Case Study on Liberia Tuberculosis among Childbearing Age Women

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health 2021年第9期13卷 975-994页

作者： David M. Seward School of Public Administration Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Objective: Liberia health care needs to focus on addressing this disease called Tuberculosis among childbearing age women in Liberia and the world;focusing on women’s health governance of Liberia should involve these three sets of actors to control a disease outbreak. The first set of state actors, including politicians, policymakers, and other government officials, need to provide health care education in every part. The public sector health bureaucracy comprising the health ministry, health, social insurance agencies, public pharmaceutical procurement and distribution entities, etc., is central. Still, non-health public sector actors also play a role. Methods: The researcher used the questionnaire method as the main instrument for the study. Results: This survey indicates that 48% of those responding to health education can reduce TB among childbearing age women showed that education could minimize the spread of TB. 25% can improve economic status. 27% said it could reduce the illiteracy rate. The instruments used were positively related to the topic to obtain the needed findings. This set comprises public, private, should not be-for-profit individuals and groups that deliver health services and organizations that support service provision: medical training institutions, health insurance agencies, the pharmaceutical industry. health service delivery can be presenting from the health system perspective, with inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes. WHO’re Systems Thinking for health Systems Strengthening explaining that service delivery includes “effective, safe and quality personal and non-personal health interventions that are providing to those in need, when and where needed (including infrastructure), with minimal waste of resources”. Conclusion: Inputs for a sound health system, the need for health care delivery include financial resources, competent health care staff, adequate physical facilities and equipment, essential medicines and sup

关键词： Tuberculosis Childbearing Age Women health care Diseases Politicians Policymakers Effective Safe Quality

Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm for Resource Optimization in Cloud E-healthcare Applications

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 5659-5676页

作者： Punit Gupta Sanjit Bhagat Dinesh Kumar Saini Ashish Kumar Mohammad Alahmadi Prakash Chandra Sharma School of Computing&Information Technology Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India School of Basic Sciences Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of JeddahJeddah23218Saudi Arabia

In the next generation of computing environment e-health care services depend on cloud services.The Cloud computing environment provides a real-time computing environment for e-health care applications.But these services generate a huge number of computational tasks,real-time computing and comes with a deadline,so conventional cloud optimizationmodels cannot fulfil the task in the least time and within the deadline.To overcome this issue many resource optimization meta-heuristic models are been proposed but these models cannot find a global best solution to complete the task in the least time and manage utilization with the least simulation time.In order to overcome existing issues,an artificial neural-inspired whale optimization is proposed to provide a reliable solution for healthcare applications.In this work,two models are proposed one for reliability estimation and the other is based on whale optimization technique and neural network-based binary classifier.The predictive model enhances the quality of service using performance metrics,makespan,least average task completion time,resource usages cost and utilization of the system.Fromresults as compared to existing algorithms the proposedANN-WHOalgorithms prove to improve the average start time by 29.3%,average finish time by 29.5%and utilization by 11%.

关键词： Cloud computing whale optimization health care resource optimization

Explainable Anomaly Detection Using Vision Transformer Based SVDD

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 6573-6586页

作者： Ji-Won Baek Kyungyong Chung Department of Computer Science Kyonggi UniversitySuwon-si 16227Korea Division of AI Computer Science and Engineering Kyonggi UniversitySuwon-si 16227Korea

Explainable AI extracts a variety of patterns of data in the learning process and draws hidden information through the discovery of semantic relationships.It is possible to offer the explainable basis of decision-making for inference results.Through the causality of risk factors that have an ambiguous association in big medical data,it is possible to increase transparency and reliability of explainable decision-making that helps to diagnose disease status.In addition,the technique makes it possible to accurately predict disease risk for anomaly detection.Vision transformer for anomaly detection from image data makes classification through MLP.Unfortunately,in MLP,a vector value depends on patch sequence information,and thus a weight changes.This should solve the problem that there is a difference in the result value according to the change in the weight.In addition,since the deep learning model is a black box model,there is a problem that it is difficult to interpret the results determined by the model.Therefore,there is a need for an explainablemethod for the part where the disease exists.To solve the problem,this study proposes explainable anomaly detection using vision transformerbasedDeep Support Vector Data Description(SVDD).The proposed method applies the SVDD to solve the problem of MLP in which a result value is different depending on a weight change that is influenced by patch sequence information used in the vision transformer.In order to draw the explainability of model results,it visualizes normal parts through Grad-CAM.In health data,both medical staff and patients are able to identify abnormal parts easily.In addition,it is possible to improve the reliability of models and medical staff.For performance evaluation normal/abnormal classification accuracy and f-measure are evaluated,according to whether to apply SVDD.Evaluation Results The results of classification by applying the proposed SVDD are evaluated excellently.Therefore,through the proposed method,it is possible to improve the reliability of

关键词： Explainable AI anomaly detection vision transformer SVDD health care deep learning classification