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Study of the growth mechanism of a self‑assembled and ordered multi‑dimensional heterojunction at atomic resolution

Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2023年第4期16卷 37-48页

作者： Zunyu Liu Chaoyu Zhao Shuangfeng Jia Weiwei Meng Pei Li Shuwen Yan Yongfa Cheng Jinshui Miao Lei Zhang Yihua Gao Jianbo Wang Luying Li Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHubei UniversityWuhan 430061China Center for Electron Microscopy MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nano-Structures and the Institute for Advanced StudiesSchool of Physics and TechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083China

Multi-dimensional heterojunction materials have attracted much attention due to their intriguing properties,such as high efciency,wide band gap regulation,low dimensional limitation,versatility and scalability.To further improve the performance of materials,researchers have combined materials with various dimensions using a wide variety of techniques.However,research on growth mechanism of such composite materials is still lacking.In this paper,the growth mechanism of multidimensional heterojunction composite material is studied using quasi-two-dimensional(quasi-2D)antimonene and quasione-dimensional(quasi-1D)antimony sulfde as examples.These are synthesized by a simple thermal injection method.It is observed that the consequent nanorods are oriented along six-fold symmetric directions on the nanoplate,forming ordered quasi-1D/quasi-2D heterostructures.Comprehensive transmission electron microscopy(TEM)characterizations confrm the chemical information and reveal orientational relationship between Sb2S3 nanorods and the Sb nanoplate as substrate.Further density functional theory calculations indicate that interfacial binding energy is the primary deciding factor for the self-assembly of ordered structures.These details may fll the gaps in the research on multi-dimensional composite materials with ordered structures,and promote their future versatile applications.

关键词： Multi-dimensional composite materials Ordered heterostructures-Self-assembly growth mechanism

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Microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of core-shell silicon-based nanowires by thermal evaporation of SiO

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2022年第9期11卷 1417-1430页

作者： Bing LIU Jia SUN Lei ZHOU Pei ZHANG Chenxin YAN Qiangang FU State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Core-shell structured SiC@SiO_(2)nanowires and Si@SiO_(2)nanowires were prepared on the surface of carbon/carbon(C/C)composites by a thermal evaporation method using SiO powders as the silicon source and Ni(NO3)2 as the catalyst.The average diameters of SiC@SiO_(2)nanowires and Si@SiO_(2)nanowires are about 145 nm,and the core-shell diameter ratios are about 0.41 and 0.53,respectively.The SiO_(2)shells of such two nanowires resulted from the reaction between SiO and CO and the reaction of SiO itself,respectively,based on the model analysis.The growth of these two nanowires conformed to the vapor-liquid-solid(VLS)mode.In this mode,CO played an important role in the growth of nanowires.There existed a critical partial pressure of CO(pC)determining the microstructure evolution of nanowires into whether SiC@SiO_(2)or Si@SiO_(2).The value of pC was calculated to be 4.01×10^(-15) Pa from the thermodynamic computation.Once the CO partial pressure in the system was greater than the pC,SiO tended to react with CO,causing the formation of SiC@SiO_(2)nanowires.However,the decomposition of SiO played a predominant role and the products mainly consisted of Si@SiO_(2)nanowires.This work may be helpful for the regulation of the growth process and the understanding of the growth mechanism of silicon-based nanowires.

关键词： SiC@SiO_(2)nanowires Si@SiO_(2)nanowires carbon/carbon(C/C)composites growth mechanism thermal evaporation

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Structure,tribological properties,and the growth mechanism of in-situ generated TiC in titanium cermet

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Friction 2022年第5期10卷 706-716页

作者： Xiaolei SUN Yong LUO Junyang WANG Qingliang WANG Jianghao QIAO Andrew BEADLING Michael BRYANT Zhongmin JIN School of Chemical Engineering&Technolog China Universiy of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116 China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Mechanical Engineering Soutnwest Jiaotong UniversitChengdu 610031China School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and Technologw Xiczhou 21116China's School of Mechanical Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China

Titanium cermet combining metallic toughness with ceramic wear resistance has been proven to be a potential candidate for implanted joint material.In this work,titanium cermet was synthesized by means of the elevated temperature solid carburizing technology.The Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy surface was found to be converted into TiC ceramic layer combined with a carbon strengthened diffusion zone underneath.The overall thickness of the carburized region grew to about 100 um after 120 min carburization at 1,500 K.In order to clarify the growth behaviors of TiC ceramic layer,a growth mechanism is proposed.At the beginning of carburizing process,carbonaceous gas decomposed from carburizer due to high temperature and then converted to free atomic carbons through reduction reaction.Then,in-situ generated TiC ceramic layer possessing certain thickness formed on the surface,meanwhile,the inner carbon diffusion zone also grew inwards due to physical diffusion of carbon,and finally forming a gradient carbon distribution.In addition,the tribological behaviors of the new materials were evaluated through reciprocating ball-on-plate sliding wear tests in bovine calf serum.Although there was an increase in friction coefficient,the wear rate decreased by 59.6%due to the formation of the wear-resistant TiC ceramic layer.The wear mechanisms evolved from severe abrasive wear for bare Ti_(13)Nb_(13)Zr alloy to mild adhesive wear for titanium cermet.

关键词： titanium cermet growth mechanism wear mechanism

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growth kinetics and mechanism of microarc oxidation coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in phosphate/silicate electrolyte

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第11期29卷 1991-1999页

作者： Dajun Zhai Tao Qiu Jun Shen Keqin Feng College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Microarc oxidation(MAO)is an effective surface treatment method for Ti alloys to allow their application in extreme environments.Here,binary electrolytes consisting of different amounts of sodium phosphate and sodium silicate were designed for MAO.The surface morphology,composition,and properties of MAO coatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy treated in 0.10 mol/L electrolyte were investigated to reveal the effect of PO_(4)^(3-)and SiO_(3)^(2-)ray diffraction,and potentiodynamic polarization.The results showed that PO_(4)^(3-)is beneficial for generating microarcs and forming pores within the coating,resulting in a thick but porous coating.SiO_(3)^(2-)eration of microarcs,resulting in a thin dense coating.The thickness,density,phases content,and polarization resistance of the MAO coatings are primarily affected by the intensity of microarcs for low SiO_(3)^(2-)ciently high.The thickness of MAO coatings obtained in P/Si electrolytes shows a piecewise linear increase with increasing process time during the three stages of microarc discharge.SiO_(3)^(2-)discharge,but slows down the growth of the coating formed in the next stage.

关键词： microarc oxidation titanium alloy phosphate silicate growth kinetics growth mechanism

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Atomic-scale insight into the epitaxial growth mechanism and interfacial coupling of BNT film prepared by hydrothermal synthesis

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第33期164卷 198-204页

作者： Fujun Chen Hao Qian Xiaoyuan Sun Tianyang Zheng Yunfei Liu Jin Luo Yinong Lyu The State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing 210009China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites Nanjing 210009China

Revealing the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling effect between oxide films will help to build a“structure-property”bridge for the design of microelectronic devices.Here,the epitaxial growth mechanism and the interfacial coupling in Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5)TiO_(3)/SrTiO_(3)(BNT/STO)heterointerfaces are investigated by the aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy,which is synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The results illustrate that 4 mol/L NaOH leads to not only the epitaxial growth of the BNT film but also the mutual diffusion of elements.The uneven distribution of local elements in BNT films is observed and confirmed to impact the cation displacements of B-site and lattice distortion.However,the overall trend of B-site cation displacement at the BNT/STO heterointerfaces is dominated by the interfacial strain.Additionally,the oxygen octahedral tilt exhibits continuous tilt patterns of a^(0)a^(0)a^(0)-a−b^(0)c−-a^(0)a^(0)c−-a^(0)b−c−-a−b−c−from the substrate to BNT film due to the constraint of the substrate and presents a strong correlation with cation displacement.These results are helpful to understand the underlying atomic structures and physical properties of BNT epitaxial thin films.

关键词： Hydrothermal synthesis growth mechanism Interfacial coupling AC-STEM Octahedral tilt

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Insight into the growth mechanism of black phosphorus

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第4期18卷 111-127页

作者： Yongjie Wang Qiang Yu Jie Li Junyong Wang Kai Zhang Nano Science and Technology Institute University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215123China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices&Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications i-LabSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China

Two-dimensional(2D)black phosphorus(BP)has attracted great attention in recent years in fundamental research as well as optoelectronics applications.The controllable synthesis of high-quality BP is vital to the investigation of its intrinsic physical properties and versatile applications.Originally,BP was mostly synthesized under high temperatures and pressures.Subsequently,metal flux,wet chemical and chemical vapor transport(CVT)methods had been appeared successively.The pulsed laser deposition(PLD)and CVT methods have been used to prepare high-quality BP thin films on silicon substrates,which is significant for its monolithic integration and practical applications.To meet the demand of the scalable applications of BP,the direct preparation of BP films on dielectric substrates that avoids additional transfer process,is crucial to high-performance device implementation.In this review,the growing methods and corresponding mechanisms of BP are summarized and analyzed.Meanwhile,the view on the controllable growth of large-area,high-quality BP films is envisioned.

关键词： black phosphorus growth mechanism nucleation thin films

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High-aspect-ratio ZrC whiskers:Synthesis,growth mechanism and electromagnetic wave absorption properties

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第2期9卷 235-243页

作者： Yao Guo Qiang Song Leilei Zhang Xu Yang Wei Li Fei Zhao Shouyang Zhang Lehua Qi State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Fiber Reinforced Light Composite MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China

Stealth materials with high dependability at elevated temperatures and outstanding mechanical properties are urgently needed for practical applications.As one-dimensional ultrahigh temperature ceramic(UHTC)materials,zirconium carbide whiskers(ZrCw)have attracted a great deal of attention due to their desirable mechanical and ablation resistance performance in high-temperature environments.We have successfully synthesized ZrCw using a carbothermal reduction technique without the introduction of metal catalytic in this paper.ZrCw shows a typically prismatic structure with the diameter of 1e2 mm and the aspect ratio of up to 250.The growth of ZrCw is controlled by a solid-liquid-solid(SLS)and vaporsolid(VS)compound mechanism in conjunction with the auxiliary action of mesophase Na3ZrF7.The ZrCw/paraffin hybrids achieve the minimum reflection loss(RL(min))of25.77 dB at 13.28 GHz under the thickness of 1.25 mm,and reach an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.04 GHz(14.96 e18.00 GHz)with a thickness of only 1.0 mm.This work presents a promising approach for large-scale producing high-purity whiskers,and verifies that ZrCw has extensive application prospects in the field of stealth materials.

关键词： ZrC whiskers Microstructure Carbothermal reduction growth mechanism Electromagnetic wave absorption

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growth mechanism of Different Morphologies of ZnO Crystals Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第2期27卷 153-158页

作者： Hu Wang Juan Xie Kangping Yan Ming Duan State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China College of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China

Different morphologies of zinc oxide（ZnO）,including microrods,hexagonal pyramid-like rods and flower-like rod aggregates,had been synthesized,respectively,on glass substrates by controlling the reaction conditions（such as precursor concentration,reaction time and pH value） of hydrothermal method.The morphologies of the as-obtained ZnO were observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Also,the crystalline natures of different ZnO crystals were analyzed with X-ray diffraction.The possible growth mechanism of ZnO crystals with different morphologies was discussed.

关键词： Zinc oxide Surface morphology growth mechanism Hydrothermal method Crystal structure

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growth mechanism for zinc coatings deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2021年第8期28卷 1047-1053页

作者： Xiao-pan Qiu Xin Liu She-ming Jiang Guang-rui Jiang Qi-fu Zhang National Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Coating Technology for Metals Central Iron and Steel Research InstituteBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Recyclable Process for Iron and Steel Production Technology Shougang Group Co.Ltd.Research Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100043China

The vacuum thermal evaporation technique was used to simultaneously deposit zinc coatings onto interstitial free steel plates and single-crystal silicon wafers in a high vacuum environment.The effect of substrate temperature on the mor-phology and crystal orientation of zinc coatings was investigated.When the substrate temperature was 25 and 50℃,the zinc crystallites were plate-like and grew under a particular angle to the substrate surface.After the substrate was heated to 100℃,the zinc crystallites were regular hexagonal and arranged almost parallel to the substrate surface.In addition,observation of pure zinc coatings with different thicknesses showed that the growth of zinc coating was mainly in the Volmer-Weber mode.When the process parameters were appropriate,the zinc coating was composed of closely arranged columnar crystallites,and the crystallites grew preferentially along[0001]direction.

关键词： Vacuum thermal evaporation Zinc coating Deposition temperature growth mechanism

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growth mechanism of polycrystalline Ir coating by double glow plasma technology

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2012年第6期25卷 469-479页

作者： Wangping WU Zhaofeng CHEN College of Material Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China

Pure Ir coating was produced by double nism of the Ir coating was investigated. glow plasma technology. growth mecha- The Ir coating was composed of irregular compacted columnar grains with lots of nanovoids appeared on the interface between the coating and the substrate. The Ir coating was polycrystalline with a preferred （220） orientation due to the initial nuclei with preferred growth on the surface of the substrate. The formation mechanism of the Ir coating depended on kinetic adsorp- tion and diffusion process with nucleation, coalescence and thickness growth. At the beginning of the deposition process, the growth mode of the coating was mainly con- trolled by the nucleation rate. Due to the low substrate temperature resulting in low mobility of the deposited atoms, some micropores and nanoviods were present at the interface. With the deposition process, the substrate temperature was increased and then kept steady. The growth of the coating was governed by the growth rate. The high substrate temperature supported enough energy to surface mobilitv of adatoms.

关键词： growth mechanism Coating Iridium Double glow plasma

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