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GID1 modulates stomatal response and submergence tolerance involving abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第11期57卷 954-968页

作者： Hao Du Yu Chang Fei Huang Lizhong Xiong National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural University

Plant responses to abiotic stresses are coordinated by arrays of growth and developmental programs. gibberellic acid （GA） and abscisic acid （ABA） play critical roles in the developmental programs and environmental responses, respectively, through complex signaling and metabolism networks. However, crosstalk between the two phytohormones in stress responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 （GID1）, a soluble receptor for GA, regulates stomata[ develop- ment and patterning in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. The gidl mutant showed impaired biosynthesis of endogenous ABA under drought stress conditions, but it exhibited enhanced sensi- tivity to exogenous ABA. Scanning electron microscope and infrared thermal image analysis indicated an increase in the stomatal conductance in the gidl mutant under drought conditions. Interestingly, the gidl mutant had increased levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates under submergence conditions, and showed enhanced reactive oxygen species （ROS）-scavenging ability and submergence tolerance compared with the wild-type. Further analyses suggested that the function of GID1 in submergence responses is partially dependent on ABA, and GA signaling by GID1 is involved in submergence tolerance by modulating carbohydrate consumption. Taken together, these findings suggest GID1 plays distinct roles in stomatal response and submergence tolerance through both the ABA and GA signaling pathways in rice.

关键词： Abscisic acid carbohydrateconsumption gibberellic acid stomata Oryza sativa

Control of Negative Gravitropism and Tension Wood Formation by gibberellic acid and Indole Acetic acid in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim Seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第2期48卷 161-168页

作者： Sha Jiang Yi-Fan Li Xu-Hui Chen Ke Xu College of Life Sciences Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China

In the present study, we Investigated the role of glbberelllc acid （GA3） and Indole acetic acid （IAA） In the gravity response of stems and tension wood formation using two-year-old stems of Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. Japonica Maxim seedlings. Forty-five seedlings were used and divided Into nine groups that Included five seedlings In each group. Seedlings were treated with applications of GA3 alone at concentrations of 2.89×10^-8 and 2.89×10^-7 μmol/L, IAA alone at concentrations of 5.71×10^-8 and 5.71×10^-7 μmol/L, or their combination to the apical bud of the stem using a mlcroplpette. Seedlings were positioned horizontally after the first treatment. The same treatments were repeated six times per week. At the end of the experiment, all seedlings were harvested. Then, stem segments were cut under a light microscope. Application of exogenous GA3 at the higher concentration stimulated the upward bending of stems, whereas exogenous IAA had no effect. A synergistic effect of GA3 and IAA on upward stem bending was observed following application of the two combinations of GA3 and IAA. Moreover, application of exogenous GA3 at the higher dose stimulated wood formation on both the upper and lower sides of the stems, whereas the mixture of GA3 and IAA had a synerglstic effect on wood formation In horizontal stems. Application of exogenous IAA alone at the lower concentration （5.71×10^-8 μmol/L） or application of a mixture of the higher concentrations of GA3 （2.89×10^-7 μmol/L） and IAA （5.71×10^-7 μmol/L） Inhibited the development of gelatinous fibers （the G-layer） of tension wood on the upper side of the horizontal stems. The differentiation of gelatinous fibers of tension wood was not Inhibited by GA3 when It was applied alone, whereas the development of the gelatinous fibers of tension wood was strongly affected by the application of IAA. The findings of the present study suggest that the development of the G-layer Is not related to the dose of GA3, but needs a relatively lower concentration of IAA.

关键词： Fraxinus mandshurica gibberellic acid indole acetic acid interaction negative gravitropism tension wood.

Effects of gibberellic acid on Primary Terpenoids and △^9 -Tetrahydrocannabinol in Cannabis sativa at Flowering Stage

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第6期51卷 553-561页

作者： Hakimeh Mansouri Zahra Asrar Mitra Mehrabani Faculty of Science Department of Biology Shahid Bahonar UniversityKerman Iran International Center for Science High Technology and Environmental Science(ICST)Kerman Iran Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center Kerman University of Medical ScienceKerman Iran

Plants synthesize an astonishing diversity of isoprenoids, some of which play essential roles in photosynthesis, respiration, and the regulation of growth and development. Two independent pathways for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors coexist within the plant cell： the cytosolic mevalonic acid （MVA） pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate （MEP） pathway. However, little is known about the effects of plant hormones on the regulation of these pathways. In the present study we investigated the effect of gibberellic acid （GA3） on changes in the amounts of many produced terpenoids and the activity of the key enzymes, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase （DXS） and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase （HMGR）, in these pathways. Our results showed GA3 caused a decrease in DXS activity in both sexes that it was accompanied by a decrease in chlorophylls, carotenoids and Ag-tetrahydrocannabinol （THC） contents and an increase in α-tocopherol content. The treated plants with GA3 showed an increase in HMGR activity. This increase in HMGR activity was followed by accumulation of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in male and female plants and campestrol in male plants. The pattern of the changes in the amounts of sterols was exactly similar to the changes in the HMGR activity. These data suggest that GA3 can probably influence the MEP and MVA pathways oppositely, with stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the produced primary terpenoids in MVA and DXS pathways, respectively.

关键词： α-tocopherol △^9 -tetrahydrocannabinol gibberellic acid phytosterols terpenoids.

Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of gibberellic acid on Fruit Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1033-1039页

作者： Pradeep Raj Rokaya Dilli Ram Baral Durga Mani Gautam Arjun Kumar Shrestha Krishna Prasad Paudyal Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur Chitwan Nepal National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) NARC Khumaltar Lalitpur Nepal

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and subsequently shorten the on-tree storability. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on quality and shelf life of the mandarin fruit. GA3 at 10, 20, and 30 ppm as against of control were evaluated. Observations on fruit weight (g), fruit firmness (kg/cm2), rind colour (1 - 5 index), juice recovery (%), TSS/acid ratio, PLW (%), decay loss (%), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were recorded at three harvesting dates i.e. 20 Nov, 5 Dec, and 20 Dec and storage condition. It has been revealed that the fruits treated with GA3 at 20 ppm retained higher fruit weight (128.6 g), more firmness (3.54 kg/cm2), better juice recovery (57.75%), and greater TSS/acid ratio (21.24) at the end of study (20 December). The PLW was found less with GA3 at 30 ppm in both ambient (5.17%) and cellar (6.69%) condition as against untreated fruits (9.52% and 11.76%). Similarly, the decay loss was minimum in the fruits treated with GA3 at 30 ppm both with ambient (1.02%) and cellar condition (8.21%) as against control with ambient (5.54%) and cellar (21.58%).

关键词： Fruit Quality gibberellic acid Peel Puncture Resistance Physiological Loss in Weight Postharvest Shelf Life

Effect of Dominant Semi-Dwarf Gene on Plant Height and Its Related Traits and Sensitivity to gibberellic acid in Rice

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Rice science 2006年第3期13卷 179-184页

作者： LIU Bin-mei CHENG Can Wu Yue-jin TONG Ji-ping WU Jin-hua ZHANG Ying YUAN Qin Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 201106 China Institute of Rice Research Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hefei 23003I China College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th internode, the 3rd, 2nd, 1st internodes from the top and the panicle length in the six dwarf near isogenic lines were 97.2%, 53.3%, 65.1%, 61.9% and 94.7% of those in the six tall ones, respectively, indicating that the dominant semi-dwarfing gene significantly inhibited the internode elongation. Moreover, Y98149 （mutant type） was more sensitive to GA3 than Y98148 （wild type）, and had a lower GA3 concentration in plant, about 78% of Y98148.

关键词： semi-dwarf gene near isogenic lines plant height internode length sensitivity gibberellic acid rice

The coupled effect of light and temperature on dormancy release and germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1135-1144页

作者： Min Zhang Jiaojun Zhu Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China Qingyuan Forest CERN Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016People’s Republic of China

Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors on seed dormancy and germination will provide guidance for tree regeneration.Toward understanding the coupled effect of light and temperature on dormancy release and germination of Pinus koraiensis seeds,we set up three light conditions(L200:200μmol m^(-2) s^(-1),L20:20μmol m^(-2) s^(-1),L0:0μm^(-2) s^(-1))and four storage temperatures[T-5:-5°C(50 days),T5:-5°C(50 days)+5°C(50 days),T25:-5°C(50 days)+5°C(50 days)+25°C(50 days),T15:-5°C(50 days)+5°C(50 days)+25°C(50 days)+15°C(50 days)]using imbibed seeds,then quantified phytohormones gibberellic acid(GA_(3))and abscisic acid(ABA)during the stratification.Germination percentage(G_(P)),mean germination time(T_(M)),and germination value(G_(V))under 25/15°C temperature and the three light conditions were then determined.Phytohormone levels and germination performances were significantly affected by light and temperature.No consistent trend was found between the phytohormone levels and G_(P) caused by light levels.Under the three light conditions,ABA concentrations in the embryo and endosperm decreased as storage temperature shifted from T-5 to T25 and increased from T25 to T15;GA_(3) decreased in nearly all four storage temperatures.G_(P) reached 40–60%in T25 storage without light irradiance.In the three light conditions,G_(P) and G_(V) were higher at T5 and T25 than at T-5 and T15;so T5 and T25 are considered as optimum storage temperatures for dormancy release and germination.At optimum temperatures,light(L200,L20)significantly increased the G_(P) and G_(V) compared with the dark(L0).At L200 and L20,significant negative correlations between G_(V) and the ABA concentrations and positive correlations between G_(V) and GA/ABA in the seed embryo were found.Temperature played a more important role in primary dormancy release and germination;light was unnecessary for primary dormancy release.Light facilitated seed germination at optimum temperatures.The dormancy release and germination of P.koraiensis seeds w

关键词： Seed germination gibberellic acid Abscisic acid Germination percentage Cold stratification Primary dormancy

Genetic Analysis and Fine Mapping of a Novel Semidominant Dwarfing Gene LB4D in Rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第4期53卷 312-323页

作者： Fei Liang Xiaoyun Xin Zejun Hu Jiandi Xu Gang Wei Xiaoyin Qian Jinshui Yang Haohua He Xiaojin Luo State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Instituteof Genetics School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding Ministry of Education Jiangxi Agricultural University Nanchang 330045 China Institute of Rice Research Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jining 272100 China

A dwarf mutant,designated LB4D,was obtained among the progeny of backcrosses to a wild rice introgression line.Genetic analysis of LB4D indicated that the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a single semidominant dwarfing gene,which was named LB4D.The mutants were categorized as dn-type dwarf mutants according to the pattern of internode reduction.In addition,gibberellin（GA） response tests showed that LB4D plants were neither deficient nor insensitive to GA.This study found that tiller formation by LB4D plants was decreased by 40%compared with the wild type,in contrast to other dominant dwarf mutants that have been identified,indicating that a different dwarfing mechanism might be involved in the LB4D dominant mutant.The reduction of plant height in F1 plants ranged from 27.9%to 38.1%in different genetic backgrounds,showing that LB4D exerted a stronger dominant dwarfing effect. Using large F2 and F3 populations derived from a cross between heterozygous LB4D and the japonica cultivar Nipponbare,the LB4D gene was localized to a 46 kb region between the markers Indel 4 and Indel G on the short arm of chromosome 11,and four predicted genes were identified as candidates in the target region.

关键词： Dwarfism Dwarfs Mutants Viverridae Genetics Genes Reduction gibberellic acid Plants Planting

Mechanistic action of gibberellins in legume nodulation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第10期56卷 971-978页

作者： Satomi Hayashi Peter M.Gresshoff Brett J.Ferguson Centre for Integrative Legume Research The University of Queensland

Legume plants are capable of entering into a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria.This results in the formation of novel organs on their roots,called nodules,in which the bacteria capture atmospheric nitrogen and provide it as ammonium to the host plant.Complex molecular and physiological changes are involved in the formation and establishment of such nodules.Several phytohormones are known to play key roles in this process.Gibberellins（gibberellic acids;GAs）,a class of phytohormones known to be involved in a wide range of biological processes（i.e.,cell elongation,germination）are reported to be involved in the formation and maturation of legume nodules,highlighted by recent transcriptional analyses of early soybean symbiotic steps.Here,we summarize what is currently known about GAs in legume nodulation and propose a model of GA action during nodule development.Results from a wide range of studies,including GA application,mutant phenotyping,and gene expression studies,indicate that GAs are required at different stages,with an optimum,tightly regulated level being key to achieve successful nodulation.gibberellic acids appear to be required at two distinct stages of nodulation：（i）early stages of rhizobia infection and nodule primordium establishment;and（ii）later stages of nodule maturation.

关键词： gibberellic acid legume nodulation phytohormone plant development rhizobia symbiosis

The blue light receptor CRY1 interacts with GID1 and DELLA proteins to repress GA signaling during photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2021年第8期14卷 1328-1342页

作者： Ming Zhong Bingjie Zeng Dongying Tang Jiaxin Yang Lina Qu Jindong Yan Xiaochuan Wang Xin Li Xuanming Liu Xiaoying Zhao College of Biology Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationHunan Hybrid Rape Engineering and Technology Research CenterHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Shenzhen Institute Hunan UniversityShenzhen 518057China

Light is a critical environmental cue that regulates a variety of diverse plant developmental processes.Cryptochrome 1(CRY1)is the major photoreceptor that mediates blue light-dependent photomorphogenic responses such as the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation.Gibberellin(GA)participates in the repression of photomorphogenesis and promotes hypocotyl elongation.However,the antagonistic interaction between blue light and GA is not well understood.Here,we report that blue light represses GA-induced degradation of the DELLA proteins(DELLAs),which are key negative regulators in the GA signaling pathway,via CRY1,thereby inhibiting the GA response during hypocotyl elongation.Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses demonstrated that CRY1 physically interacts with GA receptors-GA-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 proteins(GID1s)-and DELLAs in a blue light-dependent manner.Furthermore,we showed that CRY1 inhibits the association between GID1s and DELLAs.Genetically,CRY1 antagonizes the function of GID1s to repress the expression of cell elongation-related genes and thus hypocotyl elongation.Taken together,our findings demonstrate that CRY1 coordinates blue light and GA signali ng for plant photomorphogenesis by stabilizing DELLAs through the binding and in activation of GID1s,providing new in sights into the mechanism by which blue light antagonizes the function of GA in photomorphogenesis.

关键词： cryptochrome 1 blue light gibberellic acid GID1 DELLA proteins