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Turning waste gases into valuables

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第3期7卷 847-848页

作者： Huawei Zhu Yin Li CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Microbial ResourcesInstitute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Waste off-gases from steel mills and other mining related industries often contain rich carbon monoxide(CO),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),and sometimes hydrogen(H2).The biological conversion of waste gases into chemicals is an absolutely carbon-negative process.To date,the only chemical that can be commercially produced from fermentation of waste gas is ethanol,an important two-carbon(C2)chemical generally used as a blending component of gasoline[1].This technology was developed by LanzaTech Inc.and has been operating on a commercial scale since 2018.Recently,another breakthrough in gas fermentation was reported by Liew et al.[2]from the same company.They achieved pilot-scale production of acetone and isopropanol from steel mill off-gas by using an engineered acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum.

关键词： steel gases breakthrough

Engineered microbes: Making valuable chemicals from waste gases

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第2期7卷 837-838页

作者： Jian Li School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China

Many daily used products such as clothes,cosmetics,disinfectants,and plastics are predominately derived from fossil resources.Their production processes often generate substantial amounts of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a greenhouse gas that is believed to result in global warming.The Paris Agreement’s temperature goals require global CO_(2) emissions to halve by 2030 and reach net zero(or carbon neutrality)by 2050[1].

关键词： gases Engine dioxide

All-silica zeolites screening for capture of toxic gases from molecular simulation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第1期27卷 174-181页

作者： Zhiguo Yan Sai Tang Xumiao Zhou Li Yang Xingqing Xiao Houyang Chen Yuanhang Qin Wei Sun Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology of Hubei ProvinceSchool of Chemical Engineering and PharmacyWuhan Institute of Technology Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering State University of New York at Buffalo

The exhaust gases, including SO_2,NH_3, H_2S, NO_2, NO, and CO, are principal air pollutants due to their severe harms to the ecological environment.Zeolites have been considered as good absorbent candidates to capture the six exhaust gases.In this work, we performed grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo(GCMC) simulations to examine the capability of 95 kinds of all-silica zeolites in the removal of the six toxic gases, and to predict the adsorption isotherms of the six gases on all the zeolites.The simulation results showed that, H_2S, NO, NO_2, CO and NH_3 are well-captured by zeolite structures with accessible surface area of 1600–1800 m^2·g^(-1) and pore diameter of 0.6–0.7 nm, such as AFY and PAU, while SO_2 is well-adsorbed by zeolites containing larger accessible surface area(1700–2700 m^2·g^(-1)) and pore diameter(0.7–1.4 nm) at room temperature and an atmospheric pressure.However, at saturated adsorption, zeolites RWY, IRR, JSR, TSC, and ITT are found to exhibit better abilities to capture these gases.Our study provides useful computational insights in choosing and designing zeolite structures with high performance to remove toxic gases for air purification, thereby facilitating the development and application of exhaust gas-processing technology in green industry.

关键词： All-silica zeolites Toxic gases Adsorption isotherm GCMC simulation

Topological gapless matters in three-dimensional ultracold atomic gases

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第4期14卷 21-46页

作者： Yong Xu Center for Quantum Information IIIS Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Three-dimensional topological gapless matters with gapless degeneracies protected by a topological invariant defined over a closed manifold in momentum space have attracted considerable interest in various fields ranging from condensed matter materials to ultracold atomic gases. As a highly controllable and disorder free system, ultracold atomic gases provide a versatile platform to simulate topological gapless matters. Here, the current progress in studies of topological gapless phenomena in three-dimensional cold atom systems is summarized in the review. It is mainly focused on Weyl points, structured (type-Ⅱ) Weyl points, Dirac points, nodal rings and Weyl exceptional rings in cold atoms. Since interactions in cold atoms can be controlled via Feshbach resonances, the progress in both superfluids for attractive interactions and non-interacting cold atom gases is reviewed.

关键词： ultracold atomic gases Weyl points Dirac points nodal rings Weyl exceptional rings

Runaway electrons during subnanosecond breakdowns in high-pressure gases

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High Voltage 2016年第4期1卷 181-191页

作者： Victor F.Tarasenko Mikhail I.Lomaev Dmitry V.Beloplotov Dmitry A.Sorokin Institute of High Current Electronics Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Science2/3 Akademicheskii Ave.Tomsk 634055Russia

The parameters of runaway electrons produced in nanosecond high-voltage discharges in different gases(air,nitrogen,sulphur hexafluoride,krypton,argon,methane,neon,hydrogen,helium)at atmospheric and higher pressure were studied.An optical analysis was also performed to investigate the ionisation dynamics in diffuse discharges in nitrogen and nitrogen-containing mixtures.At breakdown of a point-to-plane gap by nanosecond(≃2 ns)high-voltage(≃200 kV)pulses of negative voltage polarity and gas pressure above 0.1 MPa,a supershort avalanche electron beam(SAEB)was detected by a collector behind the flat anode.For pressure>0.1 MPa of nitrogen and other gases it is shown that the maximum pressure for SAEB registration decreases with increasing the voltage pulse rise time.Therefore,to detect a SAEB at atmospheric and higher gas pressure,one should use voltage pulses with an amplitude of hundred kilovolts and rise time of∼1 ns and shorter.The experimental research in the dynamics of optical radiation from the discharge plasma shows that the breakdown in which runaway electrons are produced develops as an ionisation wave.

关键词： wave. gases fluoride

Exploring Greenhouse gases Water and Climate Changes:Scientific Opportunities for the Climate and Atmospheric Composition Exploring Satellites Mission

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空间科学学报 2020年第2期40卷 151-168页

作者： LIU Congliang KIRCHENGAST Gottfried SUN Yueqiang WANG Xin LU Daren BAI Weihua DU Qifei LOSCHER Armin SYNDERGAARD Stig TIAN Longfei ZHANG Zhihua Beijing Key Laboratory of Space Environment Exploration National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change and Institute for Geophysics Astrophysicsand Meteorology/Institute of PhysicsUniversity of GrazGraz A-8010 Joint Laboratory on Occultations for Atmosphere and Climate Beijing 100190 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Future Missions and Instrument Division European Space AgencyNoordwijkNL-2200 Danish Meteorological Institute CopenhagenDK-2100 Innovation Academy for Microsatellite of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049

The Essential Climate Variables(ECVs),such as the atmospheric thermodynamic state variables and greenhouse gases,play an important role in the atmosphere physical processes and global climate change.Given the need of improvements in existing ground-based and satellite observations to successfully deliver atmosphere and climate benchmark data and reduce data ambiguity,the Climate and Atmospheric Composition Exploring Satellites mission(CACES)was proposed and selected as a candidate mission of the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy Science(SPRPCAS).This paper presents an overview of the key scientific questions and responses of EC Vs in relation to global change;the principles,algorithms,and payloads of microwave occultation using centimeter and millimeter wave signals between low Earth orbit satellites(LEO-LEO microwave occultation,LMO)as well as of the LEO-LEO infrared-laser occultation(LIO);the CACES mission with its scientific objectives,mission concept,spacecraft and instrumentation.

关键词： Climate Greenhouse gases Water Microwave occultation Infrared-laser occultation

A Computational Study of Radio Frequency Atmospheric Pressure Discharge in Nitrogen and Oxygen Mixture gases

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第3期30卷 100-103页

作者：王一男刘悦林国强 Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Electronand Ion Beams(Ministry of Education)School of Physics and Optoelectronic TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024

The characteristics of radio frequency atmospheric pressure discharge in nitrogen and oxygen mixture gases are investigated by using a one-dimensional fluid model.The model consists of equations of particle continuity,Poisson's equation,and the electron energy equation.The effect of the concentrations of O_(2) in N_(2) on the discharge characteristics is analyzed.The results show that when the concentration of O_(2) in N_(2) is less than 12%,as the amount of O_(2) grows,the electron density and the N4+ion density decrease;the main negative particles are electrons.When the concentration of O_(2) in N_(2) is greater than 12%,the electron density and the N_(4)^(+) ion density increase with the increasing admixture of oxygen;the main negative particle is the O^(-) ion.Moreover,the O^(-) ion density,the O_(2)^(+) ion density,the electron temperature and the mixture gases electronegativity increase with growth of O_(2) in the range from 4%to 20%and with density of O_(2) in N_(2).

关键词： equation. gases Oxygen

Quantum cascade laser-based spectrometer for high sensitive measurements of trace gases in air

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Chinese Optics Letters 2012年第4期10卷 33-35页

作者：汤媛媛刘文清阚瑞峰张玉钧陈东张帅阮俊 Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

A quantum cascade（QC）laser-based spectrometer is developed to measure trace gases in air.The proposed spectrometer is tested for N2O,and the results presented in this letter.This system takes advantage of recent technology in QC lasers by utilizing intra-pulse scan spectroscopy,which allows high sensitive measurement.Without calibration gases,the gas concentration can be calculated with scan integration and the corresponding values from the HITRAN04 database.By analyzing the Allan variance,a detection limit of 2 ppb is obtained.Continuous measurement of N2O sampled from ambient air shows the applicability of the proposed system for the field measurements of gases of environmental concern.

关键词： gases Quantum cascade lasers Spectrometry

Velocity Distributions in Inelastic Granular gases with Continuous Size Distributions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第9期28卷 58-61页

作者：李睿张端明李志浩 Department of Physics Hubei University of EducationWuhan 430205 Department of Physics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074

We study by numerical simulation the property of velocity distributions of granular gases with a power-law size distribution,driven by uniform heating and boundary heating.It is found that the form of velocity distribution is primarily controlled by the restitution coefficientηand q,the ratio between the average number of heatings and the average number of collisions in the system.Furthermore,we show that uniform and boundary heating can be understood as different limits of q,with q≫1 and q≤1,respectively.

关键词： boundary uniform gases