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Grazing impact on forage quality and macronutrient content of rangelands in Qilian Mountains, NW China

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第1期16卷 43-53页

作者： Alina BARANOVA Jens OLDELAND WANG Shun-li Udo SCHICKHOFF CEN Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Institute of Geography University of Hamburg Biodiversity Ecology and Evolution of Plants Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden University of Hamburg Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains (AWRCFQM)

An important indicator of the rangeland health, associated with land degradation, is the ability of semi-natural rangelands to provide forage of sufficient quality for livestock production. In Qilian Mountains(Gansu Province, NW China) biomass production and forage quality are dependent on the seasonality of precipitation and temperature; most of the precipitation falls during summer season, when sheep, goats and yaks graze mountain rangelands. To sustain the rangelands and to improve the management strategies, the assessment of the forage quality should be implemented. The purpose of this research was to study the response of biomass, forage quality and macronutrient content different levels of grazing intensity in Qilian rangelands. We sampled aboveground biomass in the growing seasons in 2012 and 2013 within spring/autumn or summer grazing regimes in two altitudinal zones below and above 3000 m a.s.l.(montane-subalpine and subalpine-alpine respectively). In order to estimate forage quality, biomass was sampled in 1 m × 1 m plots, assigned to the center of 10 ×10 m sites, fromwhich we collected different indicator parameters of rangeland health. Mineral and fiber content of forage biomass was estimated under different levels of grazing intensity with regard to the growing period. It was found that an increase in grazing intensity led to a decrease in dry matter weight. No linearity was observed in the relationship between nutritive value and grazing intensity. The highest fiber content(59.20 %) was found in plots mostly disturbed by grazing. The highest protein(16.30 %) and the lowest fiber(51.30 %) contents were associated with slightly grazing intensity. Concentrations of the mineral elements, such as Zn, P, K and S varied significantly and showed maximum values under low grazing intensity.

关键词： Grazing intensity Nutritive value forage quality Mineral concentrations Alpine,Subalpine pastures

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Maize forage aptitude: Combining ability of inbred lines and stability of hybrids

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The Crop Journal 2014年第6期2卷 407-418页

作者： Luis Máximo Bertoia Mónica Beatriz Aulicino Department of Plant Production Faculty of Agrosciences National University of Lomas de Zamora Camino de Cintura km 21832 Lomas de Zamora Buenos Aires Argentina Department of Genetics Faculty of Agrosciences National University of Lomas de Zamora Camino de Cintura km 2 1832 Lomas de ZamoraBuenos Aires Argentina Santa Catalina Plant Breeding Institute National University of La Plata CC 4 1836 Llavallol Buenos Aires Argentina

Breeding of forage maize should combine improvement achieved for grain with the specific needs of forage hybrids. Production stability is important when maize is used for silage if the planting area is not in the ideal agronomic environment. The objectives of the present research were:(i) to quantify environmental and genetic and their interaction effects on maize silage traits;(ii) to identify possible heterotic groups for forage aptitude and suggest the formation of potential heterotic patterns, and(iii) to identify suitable inbred line combinations for producing hybrids with forage aptitude. Forty-five hybrids derived from diallelic crosses(without reciprocals) among ten inbred lines of maize were evaluated in this study. Combined ANOVA over environments showed differences between genotypes(G), environments(E), and their interactions(GEI). Heritability(H2), and genotypic and phenotypic correlations were estimated to evaluate the variation in and relationships between forage traits. Postdictive and predictive AMMI models were fitted to determine the importance of each source of variation, G, E, and GEI, and to select genotypes simultaneously on yield, quality and stability. A predominance of additive effects was found in the evaluated traits. The heterotic pattern Reid-BSSS × Argentine flint was confirmed for ear yield(EY) and harvest index(HI). High and broad genetic variation was found for stover and whole plant traits. Some inbred lines had genes with differential breeding aptitude for ear and stover. Stover and ear yield should be the main breeding objectives in maize forage breeding.

关键词： Zea mays L. forage maize Combining ability GEI interaction Stover and ear digestibility

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Insights into the role of major bioactive dietary nutrients in lamb meat quality:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 951-966页

作者： JavierÁlvarez-Rodríguez Olaia Urrutia Sandra Lobón Guillermo Ripoll Juan Ramón Bertolín Margalida Joy Departament de Ciència Animal Universitat de Lleida25198 LleidaSpain Departamento de Agronomía Biotecnología y AlimentaciónIS-FOOD InstituteEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y BiocienciasUniversidad Pública de NavarraPamplonaSpain Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón(CITA) Avda.Montañana 93050059 ZaragozaSpain Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón–IA2(CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza) Avda.Miguel Servet17750013 ZaragozaSpain.

Feed supplementation withα-linolenic acid(ALA)and linoleic acid(LA)increases their content in muscle,ALA increases n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and decrease n-6/n-3 ratio in muscle,and LA increases rumenic acid.However,high LA supplementation may have negative effects on lambs’lipid oxidative stability of meat.When the sources of ALA and LA are fed as fresh forage,the negative effects are counterbalanced by the presence of other bioactive compounds,as vitamin E(mainlyα-tocopherol)and polyphenols,which delay the lipid oxidation in meat.There is a wide consensus on the capability of vitamin E delaying lipid oxidation on lamb meat,and its feed content should be adjusted to the length of supplementation.A high dietary inclusion of proanthocyanidins,phenolic compounds and terpenes reduce the lipid oxidation in muscle and may improve the shelf life of meat,probably as a result of a combined effect with dietary vitamin E.However,the recommended dietary inclusion levels depend on the polyphenol type and concentration and antioxidant capacity of the feedstuffs,which cannot be compared easily because no routine analytical grading methods are yet available.Unless phenolic compounds content in dietary ingredients/supplements for lambs are reported,no specific association with animal physiology responses may be established.

关键词： Fatty acid forage Oilseed Polyphenol Vitamin E

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Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 71-79页

作者： Cody F.CREECH Blair L.WALDRON Corey V.RANSOM Dale R.ZOBELL Joseph Earl CREECH Department of Plants Soils and Climate Utah State University USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory Department of Animal Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Utah State University

forage kochia(Bassia prostrata) is used for rangeland reclamation and livestock and wildlife forage,but limited research has been conducted on its seed production. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of harvest date on seed weight, germination, and seed yield of forage kochia subspecies virescens and grisea. Seed was harvested from individual plants for 3 years during October, November, and December. October harvest had the lightest 100-seed weights, with the November harvest slightly heavier than December, for most accessions.Cultivar Snowstorm and breeding line Sahsel, both subsp. grisea, had the greatest 100-seed weights in November, 155 and 143 mg, respectively, whereas, cv.Immigrant(subsp. virescens), the standard for forage kochia, ranked among the least for 100-seed weight. For most accessions, germination was lowest from the October harvest(11%–43%), with greater germination with November and December harvested seeds(43%–64%).Viable seed yields were greatest in November with the exception of two accessions, which peaked in October,indicating earlier maturity. Results indicate that forage kochia usually reaches optimum seed maturity by early November, after plants are exposed to freezing temperatures; however, earlier maturing accessions exist in both subspecies virescens and grisea.

关键词： forage rangeland seed germination seed quality

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Co-expression of GR79 EPSPS and GAT generates highglyphosate-resistant alfalfa with low glyphosate residues

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aBIOTECH 2023年第4期4卷 352-358页

作者： Yingying Meng Wenwen Zhang Zhaoming Wang Feng Yuan Sandui Guo Hao Lin Lifang Niu Biotechnology Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Inner Mongolia Pratacultural Technology Innovation Center Co. LtdHohhot 010010China National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation(Under Preparation) Hohhot 010010China

Weed competition seriously threatens the yield of alfalfa, the most important forage legume worldwide,thus generating herbicide-resistant alfalfa varieties is becoming a necessary cost-effective strategy toassist farmers for weed control. Here, we report the co-expression of plant codon-optimized forms ofGR79 EPSPS (pGR79 EPSPS) and N-acetyltransferase (pGAT) genes, in alfalfa, via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We established that the pGR79 EPSPS-pGAT co-expression alfalfa lines were able totolerate up to tenfold higher commercial usage of glyphosate and produced approximately ten timeslower glyphosate residues than the conventional cultivar. Our findings generate an elite herbicideresistant germplasm for alfalfa breeding and provide a promising strategy for developing high-glyphosate-resistant and low-glyphosate-residue forages.

关键词： Alfalfa pGR79 EPSPS pGAT High-glyphosate-resistant and low-glyphosate-residue forage

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A Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of Paper Mulberry(Bmussonetia papyrifera)Provides New Insights into Its forage and Papermaking Usage

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Molecular Plant 2019年第5期12卷 661-677页

作者： Xianjun Peng Hui Liu Peilin Chen Feng Tang Yanmin Hu Fenfen Wang Zhi Pi Meiling Zhao Naizhi Chen Hui Chen Xiaokang Zhang Xueqing Yan Min Liu Xiaojun Fu Guofeng Zhao Pu Yao Lili Wang He Dai Xuming Li Wei Xiong Wencai Xu Hongkun Zheng Haiyan Yu Shihua Shen Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of BotanyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China ChuangGou Science&Technology Co.Ltd. Beijing 100049China Biomarker Technologies Corpration Beijing 101300China Quick Green Bio-Tec Co. Ltd.Dalian 116600China Beijing Jonathan Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd.Beijing 101314China

Paper mulberry(Broussonetia papyrifera)is a well-known woody tree historically used for Cai Lun papermaking,one of the four great inventions of ancient China.More recently,Paper mulberry has also been used as forage to address the shortage of feedstuff because of its digestible crude fiber and high protein contents.In this study,we obtained a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Paper mulberry using integrated approaches,including Illumina and PacBio sequencing platform as well as Hi-C,optical,and genetic maps.The assembled Paper mulberry genome consists of 386.83 Mb,which is close to the estimated size,and 99.25%(383.93 Mb)of the assembly was assigned to 13 pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed the expansion and contraction in the flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,accounting for the enhanced flavonoid and decreased lignin biosynthesis in Paper mulberry.Moreover,the increased ratio of syringyl-lignin to guaiacyl-lignin in Paper mulberry underscores its suitability for use in medicine,forage,papermaking,and barkcloth making.We also identified the rootassociated microbiota of Paper mulberry and found that Pseudomonas and Rhizobia were enriched in its roots and may provide the source of nitrogen for its stems and leaves via symbiotic nitrogen fixation.Collectively,these results suggest that Paper mulberry might have undergone adaptive evolution and recruited nitrogen-fixing microbes to promote growth by enhancing flavonoid production and altering lignin monomer composition.Our study provides significant insights into genetic basis of the usefulness of Paper mulberry in papermaking and barkcloth making,and as forage.These insights will facilitate further domestication and selection as well as industrial utilization of Paper mulberry worldwide.

关键词： forage plant barkcloth making nitrogen fixation comparative genomics genomics plant-microbe interactio ns

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The genome of Medicago polymorpha provides insights into its edibility and nutritional value as a vegetable and forage legume

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 565-576页

作者： Jiawen Cui Zhaogeng Lu Tianyi Wang Gang Chen Salma Mostafa Hailong Ren Sian Liu Chunxiang Fu Li Wang Yingfang Zhu Jinkai Lu Xiang Chen Zhenwu Wei Biao Jin College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Yangzhou University225009 YangzhouChina College of Animal Science and Technology Yangzhou University225009 YangzhouChina Novogene Bioinformatics Institute 100083 BeijingChina College of Bioscience and Biotechnology Yangzhou University225009 YangzhouChina Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences266101 QingdaoChina State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologySchool of Life SciencesHenan University475001 KaifengChina

Medicago polymorpha is a nutritious and palatable forage and vegetable plant that also fixes nitrogen.Here,we reveal the chromosome-scale genome sequence of M.polymorpha using an integrated approach including Illumina,PacBio and Hi-C technologies.We combined PacBio full-length RNA-seq,metabolomic analysis,structural anatomy analysis and related physiological indexes to elucidate the important agronomic traits of M.polymorpha for forage and vegetable usage.The assembled M.polymorpha genome consisted of 457.53Mb with a long scaffold N50 of 57.72Mb,and 92.92%(441.83Mb)of the assembly was assigned to seven pseudochromosomes.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that expansion and contraction of the photosynthesis and lignin biosynthetic gene families,respectively,led to enhancement of nutritious compounds and reduced lignin biosynthesis in M.polymorpha.In addition,we found that several positively selected nitrogen metabolism-related genes were responsible for crude protein biosynthesis.Notably,the metabolomic results revealed that a large number of flavonoids,vitamins,alkaloids,and terpenoids were enriched in M.polymorpha.These results imply that the decreased lignin content but relatively high nutrient content of M.polymorpha enhance its edibility and nutritional value as a forage and vegetable.Our genomic data provide a genetic basis that will accelerate functional genomic and breeding research on M.polymorpha as well as other Medicago and legume plants.

关键词： forage breeding value

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forage Offer and Nutritive Value of Elaeagnus angustifolia in North Patagonia,Argentina

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2018年第4期7卷 172-179页

作者： Guadalupe Klich Pedro Bondia Osvaldo Fernandez Escuela de Veterinaria Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro.Choele Choel 8360Argentina Departamento de Agronomia Universidad Nacional del SurBahia Blanca 8000Argentina

The presence and growth cycle of the browse Elaeagnus angustifolia(olivillo,Russian olive),naturalized in the Mid Valley,Rio Negro,Argentina,must be considered in the yearly schedule of rangeland management.Field observations showed that cattle prefer the leaves of this species that are included on the reproductive branches which develop as a thyrse inflorescence.In this trial,authors studied the incidence of E.angustifolia in the breeding cow’s diet as determined by microhistological analysis of cow feces;mapped the distribution patterns in a cattle farm and quantified its abundance in different parcels;estimated the volume of forage produced by this species and determined the nutritive value of the edible parts of the plants.The quality and quantity of the thyrses accessible for cow’s browse suggest that E.angustifolia must be considered as an important feed input.The results are used to schedule grazing periods in a valley farm divided into plots with different abundances of E.angustifolia and a known floristic composition.

关键词： Elaeagnus angustifolia invader cattle grazing forage resource

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Harvest Time and Fertility Effects on Yield and Quality of forage from Alfalfa, Hybrid Bromegrass and Their Mixture

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第4期12卷 325-338页

作者： Al Foster Bill Biligetu Sukhdev S. Malhi Kabal S. Gill Brett Mollison Darwin Leach Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture Tisdale Saskatchewan Canada University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada SARDA Ag Research Falher Alberta Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm Melfort Saskatchewan Canada

A field experiment with 24 treatments consisting of three perennial forage crops [alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. AC Longview), hybrid bromegrass (Bromus riparius Rehm & Bromus inermis Leyss. cv. AC Success) and their mixture], four Cut 1 dates (approximately June 20, July 10, July 30 or August 20), and two fertilizer levels (unfertilized and fertilized) was established in late May 2014, on a Black Chernozem [Udic Boroll] silty clay soil. forage dry matter yield [DMY], and concentration (g·kg−1 DM) of crude protein [CP], total digestible nutrients [TDN] and acid detergent fiber [ADF] data were collected over 3 years from 2015 to 2017. The fertilizer treatments were imposed in 2016 and 2017. forage crops were initially cut at four Cut 1 dates, and again cut [Cut 2] in autumn (September 2 in 2015, November 7 in 2016 and October 5 in 2017). For all three forage crops, forage DMY usually increased when Cut 1 was delayed. Delaying Cut 1 reduced forage DMY for Cut 2. Total DMY (Cut 1 + Cut 2) for all three forage crops was highest from the combination of July 10 and late Autumn cuts. Alfalfa-bromegrass mixture produced higher DMY than bromegrass or alfalfa alone. Fertilizer application resulted in a significant increase in Cut 1 and total DMY for bromegrass. The CP concentration in Cut 1 forage usually declined as the forage crops matured. The CP concentration was highest for alfalfa, followed by alfalfa-bromegrass mixture, and much lower for bromegrass. There was little or no effect of forage crop maturity on the TDN and ADF concentrations in forage. The TDN concentration was higher and ADF concentration was lower in forage from alfalfa or alfalfa-bromegrass mixture than bromegrass. Fertilizer application significantly increased CP concentration for alfalfa-bromegrass mixture. Delaying harvesting for Cut 1 increased ADF yield and TDN yield until Late July, but CP yield generally decreased

关键词： Alfalfa Bromegrass Cutting Stage Fertility forage Harvest Time Hay Mixture Quality Yield

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Evaluating the Intercropping of Millet with Cowpea for forage Yield and Quality

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第9期9卷 1781-1793页

作者： Naveed Islam Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir Shan Mohi Ud Din Umer Farooq Haseeb Arshad Aqib Bilal Muhammad Talha Sajjad Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

A field study was scheduled to estimate the impact of intercropping of pearl millet with cowpea on forage yield and quality at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. It was done in kharif season 2016. Randomized complete block design was used to conduct this experiment. It has three replications. The size of net plot is 3.6 m × 6 m. It comprised of five treatments (T1 = one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (1M:1C), T2 = two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea (2M:1C), T3 = one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea (1M:2C), T4 = sole millet, T5 = sole cowpea). We found that intercropping significantly effected the yield and quality of forage. Intercropping system had significant effects on nutritive value of forage crop. Within various treatments of intercropping, it is evident that treatment T2 (two rows of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) gives maximum total dry matter yield (9.68 t ha-1). It was then tracked by treatment T1 (one row of millet alternating with one row of cowpea) and treatment T3 (one row of millet alternating with two rows of cowpea) producing dry matter yield (9.07 t ha-1 and 8.33 t ha-1, respectively). Based on high grain and suitable environmental condition, intercrop productivity compared to sole crop could be selected for improving the productivity of millet/cowpea mixture in the Punjab.

关键词： Intercropping forage Quality Yield Crop Productivity

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