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Regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to novel virus

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 524-527,523页

作者： Jingjing Yuan Yonglong Lu Xianghui Cao Haotian Cui Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems College of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Epidemiological investigation suggested that the current outbreak of COVID-19 virus was associated with a seafood market,and COVID-19 has been identified a probable bat *** to SARS event in 2003,such a zoonotic disease showed an animal-to-person and even more serious person-to-person spread,and posed a significant threat to the global health and socio-economic *** analyzed the association of both outbreaks with wildlife diet in China and proposed suggestions for regulating wildlife conservation and food safety to prevent human exposure to the novel virus,including increasing social awareness of hazards in eating wild animals,strengthening legislation on eating and trading of wild animals,improving the standards for food safety,and establishing market supervision *** intervention is not only critical for China but also for other countries where wildlife hunting is prevalent to prevent from novel virus exposures.

关键词： Wildlife conservation food safety zoonotic disease human exposure novel virus

Gene deletor： a new tool to address gene flow and food safety concerns over transgenic crop plants

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第6期7卷 557-565页

作者： Yi LI Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA

Environmental and food safety concerns over transgenic plants have hampered commercial applications of transgenic plant technology worldwide. A recently developed transgene deletion technology, named gene deletor technology, may be used to eliminate all transgenes from pollen, seeds, fruits or other organs when functions of transgenes are no longer needed or their presence may cause concerns. In this review, I will briefly describe the principle of the gene deletor technology with major supporting experimental data. I will also explain main characteristics and requirements of the gene deletor technology. Finally, I will discuss the gene deletor technology in the context of how it may be used to alleviate environmental and food safety concerns over transgenic plants in vegetatively and sexually propagated plants, to prevent volunteer transgenic plants, to protect proprietary transgenic technologies, and to allow farmers to reuse their harvested seeds for future planting.

关键词： Gene deletor pollen-mediated gene flow seed-mediated gene flow food safety transgene deletion transgenicplants loxP/Cre FLP/FRT volunteer transgenic plants proprietary technologies

Willingness of farmers to participate in food traceability systems:improving the level of food safety

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第2期14卷 92-106页

作者： ZHAO Rong CHEN Shao-zhi Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091PR.China

In order to solve frequently emerging food safety problems and adapt to the developing trends in the international food safety field, the Chinese government is establishing and developing food traceability systems. Whether or not food traceability sys- tems can guarantee food safety is a problem well worth discussing. Hence, we constructed a theoretical model to explore the effect of incentives in a food traceability system in order to improve food safety levels. The following results were obtained： enhancing the ef- fectiveness of a food traceability system, increasing the payment to farmers who supply safe agricultural products and strengthening the penalty for unsafe food supply actions are necessary conditions to improve the level of food safety. How to encourage farmers to use food traceability systems is another problem explored in our investigation. Based on a field survey on the willingness of vegetable growers to participate using a vegetable traceability system in Beijing, the first city in China to develop such a system, we used a de- scriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression model to investigate the factors which dominate the decision on the part of farmers to participate in a food safety system. The results indicate that i： younger farmers are more likely to get involved in a food traceability system than older farmers, ii： income from non-agricultural activities decreases the willingness of farmers to participate, iii： the high- er the cost-benefit ratio of growing vegetables, the more likely for farmers to engage in a food traceability system, iv： farmers with a great concern for food safety information have a high propensity to participate and v： increased penalties against unsafe food supply actions and high-risk expectation are adverse incentives. In contrast, high-price expectation is a positive incentive for farmers to par- ticipate, while agricultural training, government subsidies and being part of an industrial organization will si

关键词： farmers food safety traceability willingness to participate incentives

A hybrid approach for the evaluation of supermarket food safety

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Journal of Management Analytics 2014年第2期1卷 156-167页

作者： Yanan Wang Weige Ji Sohail S.Chaudhry School of Economy and Management Hebei University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050018China Department of Management and Operations/International Business Villanova School of BusinessVillanova UniversityVillanovaPA 19085USA

In this paper,a framework is developed that evaluates supermarket food safety and exposes its relative strengths and *** proposed framework is divided into three *** the first stage,an index system is constructed that is associated with supermarket food safety based on the supply *** the second stage,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)is applied to evaluate supermarket food *** third stage is associated with the application of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS).The proposed framework can assist managers in comprehending the present strengths and weaknesses of their food *** can identify good practices and are able to benchmark them for improving their *** framework also facilitates the decision makers to better understand the complex relationships of the relevant supermarket food safety factors in decision-making.

关键词： food safety index system TOPSIS AHP

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第1期9卷 59-65页

作者：方菁刘艳芳昆明医科大学健康研究所昆明650500 云南大学生命科学学院昆明650091

This article investigates the sources of vegetables consumed by farmers, their perception of pesticide-related food safety risks and the behaviors they engage in to protect themselves, and explores the implications for the social co-governance（shehui gongzhi） of food safety emphasized by China’s recent food safety Law. The research site is a county in Yunnan Province where vegetable growing is the major source of income and livelihood for local farmers. We surveyed 417 farmers and collected 776 vegetable samples from 377 surveyed farmer households and tested them for organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues using PR-12 N Rapid Detection Instrument for Pesticide Residues. The results showed that farmers know about the risks to food safety caused by pesticides used in vegetable growing and they purposely avoid these risks by mainly consuming vegetables planted in home gardens or private plots that use little or no pesticides. Vegetable samples from these private plots had the lowest positive rate of pesticide residues（6.10%）, compared with vegetable samples from commercial farmland（13.73%） and markets（12.66%）, and the difference was statistically significant（X2=9.69,0.005〈P〈0.010）. This implies that the efforts of farmers to protect themselves from pesticide-related food safety risks do have some effect; however, the effect is limited due to the environmental pollution caused by the massive use of pesticides in commercial vegetable growing. Furthermore, this self-protective behavior may have a negative impact on the social co-governance of food safety set out in the new food safety Law.

关键词： vegetable pesticide residues farmers’ self protective behavior social co-governance food safety

Farmers' Dual Roles in food safety: Perceptions and Countermeasures

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第1期9卷 78-84页

作者：王献霞张云熙云南省社会科学院农村发展研究所昆明650034

Farmers are both the producers and consumers of food, and as such have a dual role in food safety： they both generate risks and are exposed to them. Based upon a survey of the food production and consumption habits of 140 farm households and long-term research in two villages in Yunnan province, this study found that rural families are highly dependent on the market for food production and consumption. In their role as consumers, farmers are aware of food safety risks and concerned about them, but their ability to protect themselves is limited. They do so primarily by avoiding certain products and growing as much of their own food as possible. At the same time, in their role as producers, farmers engage in practices, primarily the overuse and inappropriate use of fertilizer and pesticides, that are damaging to food safety and the environment. There is therefore a disconnect in their roles as consumers and producers that needs to be addressed if policy goals for improving food safety and reducing the use of agricultural chemicals are to be achieved. Farmers need more information about food safety risks related to the products they consume themselves, and technical guidance on the safe use of farm chemicals when growing food for market. However, such measures will not be effective unless the external pressures on farmers are also addressed, through consideration of market incentives to use farm chemicals and the impact of consumer demand.

关键词： dual role food safety perceptions and countermeasure

Big Data Resource Planning for food safety: a Preliminary Exploration of the “Environment, food and Health” Information Chain

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第1期9卷 22-27页

作者：肖革新杨冰李伟国家食品安全风险评估中心北京100022 贵州省分析测试研究院贵阳550002 北京大学电子政务研究院北京100871

Environmental pollution, food safety and health are closely linked. A key challenge in addressing the problem of food safety and protecting public health is building an integrated knowledge base to inform policy and strengthen governance. This requires breaking down the trans-departmental information barrier across the environment, food and health domains to ensure the effective flow of data and the efficient utilization of resources, and facilitate the collaborative governance of food safety. Achieving this will be crucial for the development of health and medical care in China in the era of big data. Currently, the information resources commanded by various departments are incomplete and fragmented. Data resources are also organized in vertical silos and there is a lack of data sharing within and across policy streams. To provide the basis for more effective integrated collection and analysis of data in future, this study summarizes the information resources of various departments whose work relates to interactions between environment, food and health, and presents measures to strengthen top-down design, and establish unified data standards and a big data sharing platform. It also points to the need for increased training of data analysts with interdisciplinary expertise.

关键词： information resource planning(IRP) big data food safety environment health

China's food safety Institutional Reform: Evaluation Issues

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第1期9卷 39-49页

作者：王双双张磊胡振中国人民大学环境学院北京100872 广西医科大学公共卫生学院南宁530021

China’s compartmentalized food safety supervision and administration system has long been blamed for recurring food safety incidents. In response, the State Council launched a major institutional reform that aimed to realize whole-chain-based food safety supervision and administration, to strengthen grassroots capacity and to adapt to a society that is complex, risk prone, open and pluralistic. According to the State Council’s mandate, the institutional restructuring at various local levels should have been completed by the end of 2013. However, there have been no systematic, open evaluations that have examined progress, effectiveness or effects. This study attempts to explore issues concerning evaluation of the institutional reform： how to understand the role of evaluation in the policy cycle？ What are important evaluation questions in different phases of the policy cycle？ How to identify evaluation priorities？ Specifically, a target group effectiveness evaluation framework was established and applied in Guangzhou city to assess how local government departments responded to the three principal mandates of the State Council’s reforms： integration of mechanisms and functions, integration of resources, and the enhancement of regulatory capability. The results show that such an evaluation framework is a valid way to examine the main goals and components of the reform, but that the indicators and evaluation criteria need be made more context-specific.

关键词： food safety regulation institutional reform evaluation

The Total Diet Study: Changes in food safety Since the First TDS

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第1期9卷 28-38页

作者：李筱薇吕冰中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所健康、环境与发展论坛北京100101 国家食品安全风险评估中心北京100021

This article discusses what we know about some of the main food safety risks in China. The focus is on role of the China Total Diet Study（TDS） as a tool for food safety risk assessment and the selection of priorities for monitoring. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of the TDS with those of two other major sources of information about food safety and nutrition： the National food safety Contamination Monitoring Network（FSCN） and the China Health and Nutrition Survey（CHNS）, showing how the different methods they use produce different but complementary information. We then use an analysis of lead, cadmium and pesticide residues to demonstrate that, despite its shortcomings, the TDS provides the most reliable source of information about the actual dietary intake of harmful substances.

关键词： total diet study food safety food contamination monitoring network