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Codexas the Basis for National Standards and International Harmonization

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 137-144页

作者： KRAISIDTONTISIRIN CHRISTOPHELEPRETRE 等 Director FoodandNutritionDivision Associateprofessionalofficer（food）Standards） JointFAO／WHOFoodStandardsProgrammeFoodandNutritionDivisionFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnite

For the past decade,International food Trade has been entering in a new era whereby world-wide food exchanges,including both raw materials from agriculture and manufactured products from food and drink industry,are much improtant now both in terms of quantity,diversity and quality of food than at any other time in history,Furthermore,this is the first time that multilateral agreements,signed and in progress of implementation by a large majority of countries throughout the wold cover world exchanges of foods.

关键词： food Industry Nutrition Policy World Health Organization food Additives food contamination Guideline Adherence Humans International Cooperation Nutrition Disorders Public Health

Practical Approaches to Risk Assessment

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 14-20页

作者： SIMON BROOKE-TAYLOR AustraliaNewZealandfoodAuthority

he importance of using risk assessment in developing food regulations is growing with the globalization of our food supply. The World Trade Organization has entrenched the principles of science based risk assessment in the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. The relevant international organization for food standards, the Codex Alimentarius Commission, recognises risk analysis, and its component parts risk assessment, risk management and risk communication, as the basis for scientific decision making. Risk assessment comprises two activities: hazard evaluation; and exposure estimation. A hazard may be chemical, microbiological or nutritional in origin. The practical application of risk assessment in Australia is illustrated in this presentation by four examples involving: (1) food additives, (2) microbiological safety of imported raw milk cheeses, (3) genetically modified foods and (4) imported food inspection.

关键词： food contamination food Inspection food Microbiology Animals Australia Cheese Communication Decision Making food Additives Genetic Engineering Humans Milk Risk Assessment

food Safety Risks and Contributing Factors of Cronobacter spp.

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Engineering 2022年第5期8卷 128-138页

作者： Na Ling Xiuting Jiang Stephen Forsythe Danfeng Zhang Yizhong Shen Yu Ding Juan Wang Jumei Zhang Qingping Wu Yingwang Ye School of food and Biological Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern ChinaGuangdong Institute of MicrobiologyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510070China *** Keyworth NG125GYUK

Cronobacter species are a group of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens,which cause meningitis,sep-ticemia,and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants,with neurological sequelae in severe *** in Cronobacter has increased significantly in recent years due to its high virulence in *** this review,we summarize the current understanding of the prevalence of Cronobacter species in several important food *** discuss the response mechanisms enabling persistence in adverse growth con-ditions,as well as its *** emphasize the food safety concerns caused by Cronobacter and subsequent control methods and clinical treatments.

关键词： Cronobacter food contamination Pathogenesis Virulence factors Stress response

Emerging food-borne Pathogens

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 44-52页

作者： JRGEN SCHLUNDT Programme of food Safety

The epidemiology of foodborne diseases is changing. While in many developing nations the efficient treatment of diarrhoeal diseases through oral rehydration has probably led to the prevention of many food related deaths, the underlying problems have not been solved. In these countries, the disease incidence of food_and waterborne disease is still increasing, and now data from other parts of the world indicate that new foodborne pathogens have emerged as important public health problems. Over the last two decades, bacterial infections caused by Campylobacter and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli have emerged, well_recognized pathogens, such as Salmonella enteritidis, have increased dramatically in disease incidence and important foodborne pathogens have become increasingly resistant to antimicrobial agents. The future strategy for prevention of foodborne disease should be founded in scientifically based evaluations of the whole food production chain ‘from farm to table’, including a description of the most important (risk) factors. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks as well as sporadic cases should be aimed at a better understanding of these factors. In terms of public health importance of the problem, the focus should be on the size of the problem, and the potential for improvement. The indications are that both in developed and developing countries there is significant potential for an improvement of the situation. With this aim in mind, international effort should focus on scientific assessments of the potential for risk reduction under different regional conditions.

关键词： Developing Countries food contamination food Microbiology Campylobacter Campylobacter Infections Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Infections Humans Incidence International Cooperation Public Health Risk Assessment Salmonella Infections Salmonella enteritidis

Risk Management——An Industry Approach

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 21-29页

作者： ANTHONY C. HUGGETT Regional Quality Assurance Laboratory

An effective risk management system covering the whole process of food production from “farm to fork” is required by the food industry in order to assure that the food provided to consumers is safe. food safety and quality assurance begins with the design and development of food products starting with product conceptualisation and continuing with the selection, purchasing, and evaluation of raw materials and with the specifications for processing, packaging and distribution. Within a larger quality management framework a number of tools have been developed by the food industry, which when used in an integrated fashion facilitate the management of food safety. These include good manufacturing practice (GMP), good hygiene practice (GHP) and HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) as well as quality systems which allow the verification that all factors affecting the safety of a product are under control. Finally, regulations and systems can only function if they are applied. Everyone, from the farmer, the line operator in the manufacturing plant, to the person handling the food in distribution and sales, needs to be aware of his influence with regards safety. The effectiveness of safety awareness programs specific to each area is key to an industry approach to risk management.

关键词： food Industry Risk Management Agriculture food contamination food Handling Humans Public Health Public Policy Quality Control Risk Assessment Safety

Fish from a polluted lake(Lake Chivero,Zimbabwe):a food safety issue of concern

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food Quality and Safety 2019年第3期3卷 157-167页

作者： Francis Manjengwa Tamuka Nhiwatiwa Elijah Nyakudya Petronella Banda Faculty of Science Biosciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Soil Sciences&Agricultural Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe Faculty of Agriculture Animal Sciences DepartmentUniversity of ZimbabwePO Box MP167Mt.PleasantHarareZimbabwe

Objectives:A study to determine food safety hazard status of fish products from Lake Chivero was conducted in selected high density suburbs of *** water and fish were tested for *** O157:H7,total bacterial,fungal counts,mercury(Hg)and aflatoxin B1(AFB1)to determine contamination levels and assessing human health hazard *** and Methods:Membrane filtration method was used to determine *** O157:H7 viable counts using CHROM *** count and Potato dextrose agar were used for determination of total viable bacterial and fungal *** of Hg and AFB1 in fish and water were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 136 adult fish consumers to determine the fish consumption patterns to assess hazard exposure against international ***:Significant levels of microbial contamination above international standards in both fish and water were *** *** O157:H7 counts were 106±10(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 52±14(cfu/100ml)in *** Log10 TBC were 8.98±0.26(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 9.05±0.05(cfu/ml)in *** Log10 TFC were 4.83±0.02(cfu/cm^(2))in fish and 4.56±0.03(cfu/ml)in *** and AFB1 were 0.018(μg/kg)and 0.025(μg/kg)in fish and 0.008(μg/kg)and 0.005(μg/kg)in water,both with a hazard quotient(HQ)food safety guidance *** were caught already contaminated with pathogens together with toxigenic Hg and carcinogenic AFB1 although their concentration levels are within international food safety toxicological *** of Hg and AFB1 in water were almost double that of fish,implying bio-accumulation occurred in ***,fish consumers are exposed to food safety hazards and are at risk of contracting foodborne illnesses from consuming contam

关键词： food contamination food safety hazards,E.coli O157:H7,mercury,aflatoxin B1

Natural bioactive substances for the control of food-borne viruses and contaminants in food

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food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2020年第1期2卷 261-279页

作者： Yao Pan Zeyuan Deng Fereidoon Shahidi Department of Biochemistry Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John’sNL A1B 3X9Canada State Key Laboratory of food Science and Technology University of NanchangNanchang 330047JiangxiChina

food-borne viruses and contaminants,as an important global food safety problem,are caused by chemical,microbiological,zoonotic,and other risk factors that represent a health *** bioactive substances,originating from plants,animals,or microorganisms,might offer the possibility of preventing and controlling foodborne *** this contribution,the common bioactive substances such as polyphenols,essential oils,proteins,and polysaccharides which are effective in the prevention and treatment of food-borne viruses and contaminants are ***,the preventive effects of natural bioactive substances and the possible mechanisms involved in food protection are discussed and *** application and potential effects of natural bioactive substances in the adjuvant treatment for food-borne diseases is also described.

关键词： food-borne virus food contamination Natural bioactive substances food safety

Nanobody-based immunosensing methods for safeguarding public health

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2021年第4期35卷 318-326页

作者： Jiarong Zhang Hui Sun Wei Pei Huijun Jiang Jin Chen Center for Global Health The Key Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211189China School of Pharmacy Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drug Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health CommissionNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China.

Immunosensing methods are biosensing techniques based on specific recognition of an antigen-antibody immunocomplex,which have become commonly used in safeguarding public *** advantage of antibody-related biotechnological advances,the utilization of an antigen-binding fragment of a heavy-chain-only antibody termed as'nanobody'holds significant biomedical *** with the conventional full-length antibody,a single-domain nanobody retaining cognate antigen specificity possesses remarkable physicochemical stability and structural adaptability,which enables a flexible and efficient molecular design of the immunosensing *** minireview aims to summarize the recent progress in immunosensing methods using nanobody targeting tumor markers,environmental pollutants,and foodborne microbes.

关键词： immunosensing nanobody biomarker environmental pollutant food contamination

Translating Codex Guidelines Into Application

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期14卷 149-149页

作者： MA CONCEPCION C.Lizada BureauofAgricultureandFisheriesProductStandards

Condex texts include commodity and general standards, as well as texts of an advisory nature. The General Principles for Codex Alimentarius define the ways in which commodity or general standards are accepted: (a) full, (b) with specified deviations, or (c) with a declaration of free distribution. The degree of acceptance partly defines the manner in which these texts are translated into application.

关键词： Developing Countries Guideline Adherence food Additives food contamination food Industry Humans Public Policy World Health Organization