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Mapping of Tonoplast Intrinsic protein. in Maturing and Germinating Arabidopsis Seeds Reveals Dual Localization of Embryonic TIPS to the Tonoplast and Plasma Membrane

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 180-189页

作者： Stefano Gattolin Mathias Sorieul Lorenzo Frigerio Department of Biological Sciences University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK

We have mapped the expression of the tonoplast intrinsic protein.（TIP） gene family members in Arabidopsis seeds by fluorescent protein.tagging of their genomic sequences and confocal microscopy. Three isoforms （TIP1;1, TIP2;1, and TIP2;2） have distinct patterns of expression in maternal tissues （outer integument and placento-chalazal region）. Two isoforms, TIP3;1 and the previously uncharacterized TIP3;2, are the only detectable TIPs in embryos during seed maturation and the early stages of seed germination. Throughout these developmental stages, both isoforms co-locate to the tono- plast of the protein.storage vacuoles, but also appear to label the plasma membrane. Plasma membrane labeling is specific to TIP3;1 and TIP3;2, is independent of the position of the fluorescent protein.tag, and appears to be specific to early seed maturation and early germination stages. We discuss these results in the context of the predicted distribution of aquaporins in Arabidopsis seeds.

关键词： Aquaporin vacuole tonoplast intrinsic protein Arabidopsis seed embryo protein.storage endosperm endoplasmic reticulum fluorescent protein.

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A Myosin XI Tail Domain Homologous to the Yeast Myosin Vacuole-Binding Domain Interacts with Plastids and Stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1351-1358页

作者： Amir Sattarzadeh Johanna Krahmer Arnaud D. Germain Maureen R. Hanson Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Biotechnology Building Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

The actin cytoskeleton plays a role in mobility of many different organelles in plant cells, including chloroplasts, mitochondria, Golgi, and peroxisomes. While progress has been made in identifying the myosin motors involved in trafficking of various plant organelles, not all of the cargoes mobilized by different members of the myosin XI family have yet been identified. The involvement of myosins in chloroplast positioning and mitochondrial movement was demonstrated by expression of a virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） construct in tobacco. When VIGS with two different conserved sequences from a myosin Xl motor was performed in plants with either GFP-labeled plastids or mitochondria, chloroplast positioning in the dark was abnormal, and mitochondrial movement ceased. Because these and prior obser- vations have implicated a role for myosins and the actin cytoskeleton in plastid and stromule movement, we searched for myosin tail domains that could associate with plastids and stromules. While a yellow fluorescent protein.（YFP） fusion with the entire tail region of myosin XI-F was usually found only in the cytoplasm, we observed that an Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana YFP：：myosin XI-F tail domain homologous to the yeast myo2p vacuole-binding domain associated with plastids and stromules after transient expression in N. benthamiana. Taken together, these observations implicate myosin motor protein. in dynamics of plastids and stromules.

关键词： Chloroplast biology cytoskeleton dynamics mitochondria gene silencing fluorescent protein.

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