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A test of the species confidence hypothesis in dusky damselfish

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 79-86页

作者： Elle Overs Sydney Stump Isabel Severino Daniel T.Blumstein Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Visual cues are important in both interspecific and intraspecific communication.The species confidence hypothesis proposes that animals are more attracted to conspecific colors and repelled by colors,not on their bodies.Studies on terrestrial lizards and birds have tested the species confidence hypothesis and shown that conspecific colors elicit reduced antipredator behavior.To date,the species confidence hypothesis has not been tested in the marine environment,specifically on coral reefs where color communication is of vital importance.We addressed this knowledge gap by measuring flight initiation distance(the distance an individual moves away from an approaching threat)in dusky damselfish(Stegastes nigricans)in response to an approaching disc of 1 of 4 different color treatments:conspecific,blue,yellow,and black.If the species confidence hypothesis explained variation in damselfish flight initiation distance,then we expected individuals to tolerate closer approaches when approached by a conspecific color.In addition,we calculated the color difference between each stimulus and its corresponding back-ground as a potential alternative explanation for flight responses.Damselfish tolerated the closest approach from the conspecific color stimulus;there were no significant differences between other colors and there was no support for the alternative color difference hypothesis.As with similar terrestrial studies,these results are relevant to ecotourists'choice of swimsuit and wetsuit colors because color choice may modify naturalantipredatorbehavior.

关键词： antipredator behavior flight initiation distance risk assessment species confidence hypothesis Stegastes nigricans

The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 60-65页

作者： Yuqi Zou Yiting Jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin Fang Changqing Ding School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior University of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany School of Life Sciences Liaoning UniversityShenyang110036China Comparative Socioecology Group Max Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanz78467Germany

Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors,such as foraging.Within the same species,strategies may vary on individuals’risk-taking preferences,and in this process the environment is a determinant,in addition to predator regime.The Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)exhibits such tendency.This is an endangered species,once inhabiting exclusively in China’s Qinling Mountain.This used to be the sole remaining wild population.However,over recent decades,this population has expanded.A portion has relocated to breed in the lower plain area,which is characterized by elevated level of human activities and landscape complexity.We used flight initiation distance(FID)as an indicator of the ibises’risk-taking preference,particularly their response to human proximity.Additionally,we examined the environmental factors influencing their foraging site selection,including altitude,terrain openness,human activity intensity and human construction.Our findings revealed a significantly shorter FID among individuals relocating to plain habitats,indicating a higher tolerance of human proximity.The results showed that FID decreased with distance to the nearest human settlement.Another finding is that FID was independent of instant human activity intensity and environmental factors(altitude and terrain openness).These different may arise from various combinations of human activity,predation risk,and food abundance within the two habitats.These results provide insights into the in situ conservation of the threatened species within the context of global urbanization.

关键词： Anti-predation behavior flight initiation distance Habitat expansion Human activity Nipponia nippon

When Fleeing Matters:Differences in Escape Behaviours of Three Northeast Asian Anurans

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第1期15卷 41-48页

作者： Yoonjung YI Zoljargal PUREVDORJ Irina MASLOVA Yikweon JANG Amaël BORZÉE Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037JiangsuChina Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences Ewha Womans UniversitySeoul 03760Republic of Korea Department of Biology School of MathematicsMongolian State University of EducationUlaanbaatar 210648Mongolia Department of Forest and Environmental Resources Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostok 690022Russia

Prey species may have their own optimal escape strategy to balance predation risks and the energetic cost of fleeing.Some species have an advantage when maintaining a short fleeing distance,while others may favour an earlier escape based on microhabitat,size,or body condition.Here,we examined the escape behaviour of the three syntopic Northeast Asian anuran species:Mongolian toads(Strauchbufo raddei),Amur brown frogs(Rana amurensis),and Japanese treefrogs(Dryophytes japonicus)in Mongolia,Russia,China and DPR Korea.We examined flight initiation distance(FID;the distance from a potential predator to the point when the individual starts to flee)and distance fled(DF;distance between flight initiation and flight termination points)of each species and the effects of microhabitat,sex,and body size.Strauchbufo raddei and R.amurensis had a longer FID than D.japonicus,and S.raddei also had a longer DF than D.japonicus.These trends remained similar when dividing FID and DF by a size proxy(snout-vent length)for all individuals.This suggests that the treefrog D.japonicus used a strategy to stay immobile even when they were detected,and the toad S.raddei reacted quicker and more sensitively to predators despite the presence of toxin.Female S.raddei had a significantly longer FID than males suggesting that females are more sensitive to predation risk in this species,but body size was not significant for any of the three species.Our results indicate that the three sympatric species have different escaping strategies,likely related to differences in physiology and crypticity.

关键词： amphibian distance fled escape behaviour flight initiation distance predation

Plateau pikas near roads are bold and silent when facing a potential predator

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 552-558页

作者： Bicheng Zhua Jiapeng Qu Jianguo Cui CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization&Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota Northwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesQinghai 810008China Qinghai Haibei National Field Research Station of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem Qinghai 810008China

Human disturbance,particularly road traffic,is one of the greatest threats to wildlife.Considering the association between alerting behavior and the survival of animals,it is important to study the effects of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife.Previous studies assessing the shortterm impact of road traffic on alerting behavior of wildlife have focused on vigilance distances.However,studies on the use of alarm calls are scarce,and it is unclear whether such behavioral responses change after repeated exposure to road traffic.We assessed the alerting behavior of plateau pikas(Ochotona curzoniae)who were near or far from roads when facing a potential predator.We found that pikas near roads exhibited shorter vigilance and tolerance distances,and produced fewer alarm calls than those relatively far away from roads.Furthermore,both vigilance and tolerance distances of plateau pikas were significantly positively correlated with the distance from the burrow to the road.Road traffic reduced antipredator responses and shaped alerting behavior;that is,pikas near roads were bolder and more silent compared to those far away from roads.Our findings suggest that increasing urbanization will have corresponding effects on animal behavior,which may have significant fitness effects in the future.

关键词： alarm call flight initiation distance plateau pika Qinghai-Tibet Plateau road traffic vigilant behavior

Prey reduce risk-taking and abundance in the proximity of predators

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 591-598页

作者： Anders. R MФLLER Zbigniew KWIECINSKI Piotr TRYJANOWSKI Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay Orsay Cedex F-91405 France blnstitute of Zoology Poznan University of Life Science Wojska Polskiego 71C Poznan PL-60-625 Poland

Prey have evolved anti-predator defences that reduce or eliminate the risk of predation. Predators often reproduce at specific sites over many years causing permanent threats to local prey species. Such prey may respond by moving elsewhere thereby reducing local population abundance, or they may stay put and adjust their behavior to the presence of predators. We tested these predictions by analyzing population abundance and anti-predator behavior within 100 m of and 500 m away from nests of sparrowhawks and goshawks for 80 species of birds. Population abundance of prey was reduced by 11% near goshawk nests and by 15% near sparrowhawk nests when compared with nearby control sites in similar habitats. flight initiation distance (FID) of prey, estimated as the distance at which birds took flight when approached by a human, increased by 50% in the presence of hawk nests, providing evidence of adjustment of anti-predator behavior to prevailing risks of predation. Susceptibility to predation was estimated as log transformed abundance of the observed number of prey items obtained from prey remains collected around nests minus log transformed expected number of prey according to point counts of breeding birds. FID increased from 10 to 46 m with increasing susceptibility of prey species to predation by the goshawk and from 12 to 15 m with increasing susceptibility of prey species to predation by the sparrowhawk. These findings suggest that prey adjust their distribution and anti-predator behavior to the risk of predation.

关键词： FID accipiter hawks flight initiation distance goshawk population abundance prey preference sparrowhawk

Risk-taking behavior of bull-headed shrikes that recently colonized islands

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 177-182页

作者： Shoji HAMAO Hisahiro TORIKAI Midori YOSHIKAWA Yutaka YAMAMOTO Tugeru IJICHI Department of Zoology National Museum of Nature and Science4-1-1 AmakuboTsukubaIbaraki305-0005Japan Amami Ornithologists'Club 12-8 Nazewako-choAmamiKagoshima894-0007Japan Conservation Division Wild Bird Society of Japan3-9-23 Nishi-gotandaShinagawa-kuTokyo141-0031Japan KIKAI Institute for Coral Reef Sciences 1508 ShiomichiKikai-choOshima-gunKagoshima891-6151Japan

Individuals which have invaded urbanized environments are reported to engage in riskier behav-iors,possibly influenced by the scarcity of predators in urbanized areas.Here,we studied the risk-taking behavior of birds which had invaded a new natural environment,rather than an artificial urban environment,using recently established populations of the bull-headed shrike Lanius bu-cephalus,which naturally colonized three subtropical islands in Japan.We compared flight initi-ation distance(FID),the distance at which an individual approached by a human initiates flight,be-tween the islands and the temperate mainland.FID was longer for the insular shrikes compared with the mainland shrikes after controlling for other factors,indicating that the individuals which had invaded a new natural environment had a lower propensity for risk-taking.A possible explan-ation for these results is that low risk-taking behavior might be adaptive on the islands due to predation by the black rat Rattus rattus,an unfamiliar predator not found in shrike habitats on the temperate mainland.Further studies are needed to examine the nest predation rate,predator species,and nest site selection of these insular shrike populations.

关键词： flight initiation distance island population Lanius bucephalus natural introduction predation

Road effects on bird's response to human approach on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Road effects on bird's response to human approach on Qinghai...

The effects of the Taklimakan Desert highway on endemic birds Podoces biddulphi

第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会

作者： Chen Ge,Zhongqiu Li~*,Jing Li,Cheng Huang (The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,School of Life Science,Nanjing University,22 Hankou Road,Nanjing 210093,China.)

We used alert distance(AD) and flight initiation distance(FID) to evaluate the effects of Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Highway on snowfinch’s response to human approach in July 2009 and 2010. Road effect was divided int... 详细信息

关键词： alert distance flight initiation distance road effect Qinghai-Tibet Railway snowfinch tolerance

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The effects of the Taklimakan Desert highway on endemic bird...