The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity

作     者：Yuqi Zou Yiting Jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin Fang Changqing Ding Yuqi Zou;Yiting Jiang;Zitan Song;Xiaobin Fang;Changqing Ding

作者机构：School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany Center for the Advanced Study of Collective BehaviorUniversity of KonstanzKonstanz78464Germany School of Life SciencesLiaoning UniversityShenyang110036China Comparative Socioecology GroupMax Planck Institute for Animal BehaviorKonstanz78467Germany 

出 版 物：《Avian Research》 (鸟类学研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第15卷第1期

页      面：60-65页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32270554 to CD) 

主　　题：Anti-predation behavior Flight initiation distance Habitat expansion Human activity Nipponia nippon 

摘      要：Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors,such as *** the same species,strategies may vary on individuals’risk-taking preferences,and in this process the environment is a determinant,in addition to predator *** Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)exhibits such *** is an endangered species,once inhabiting exclusively in China’s Qinling *** used to be the sole remaining wild ***,over recent decades,this population has expanded.A portion has relocated to breed in the lower plain area,which is characterized by elevated level of human activities and landscape *** used flight initiation distance(FID)as an indicator of the ibises’risk-taking preference,particularly their response to human ***,we examined the environmental factors influencing their foraging site selection,including altitude,terrain openness,human activity intensity and human *** findings revealed a significantly shorter FID among individuals relocating to plain habitats,indicating a higher tolerance of human *** results showed that FID decreased with distance to the nearest human *** finding is that FID was independent of instant human activity intensity and environmental factors(altitude and terrain openness).These different may arise from various combinations of human activity,predation risk,and food abundance within the two *** results provide insights into the in situ conservation of the threatened species within the context of global urbanization.