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fertilizer-Induced Advances in Corn Growth Stage and Quantitative Definitions of Nitrogen Deficiencies

Pedosphere 2008年第1期18卷 60-68页

作者： J. ZHANG A. M. BLACKMER P. M. KYVERYGA B. W. VAN DE WOESTYNE T. M. BLACKMER Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 (USA) Iowa Soybean Association 4554 114th Street Urbandale IA 50322 (USA) John Deere Ag Management Solutions 140 114th Street Urbandale IA 50322 (USA) Statistieal Consulting Center 130 MM Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 (USA)

Evidence that nitrogen (N) fertilization tends to accelerate maturation as well as increase rates of growth has received little attention when diagnosing N deficiencies in corn (Zea mays L.).Such a tendency could be a potential source of errors when the diagnosis is solely based on comparing plants with different rates of *** N fertilization could accelerate rates of growth and maturation was tested in a field study with 12 paired plots representing relatively large variability in soil properties and landscape *** plots were located under conditions where preplant N fertilization reduced or avoided temporary N shortages for some plants but did not reduce for other plants early in the *** measured corn heights to the youngest leaf collar,stages of growth and chlorophyll meter readings (CMRs). The added N advanced growth stages as well as increased corn heights and CMRs at any given *** effects on corn heights,growth stages and ear weights were statistically significant (P<0.05) despite substantial variability associated with *** in growth due to a temporary shortage of N within a growth stage might be partially offset by longer periods of growth within that stage to physiological *** shortages of N,therefore,may produce symptoms of N deficiency in situations where subsequent additions of N should not be expected to increase *** of these two somewhat different effects (i.e.,increase growth rates and advance growth stages) on corn growth could help to define N deficiency more precisely and to improve the accuracy of diagnosing N status in production agriculture.

关键词： chlorophyll corn fertilizer growth stage nitrogen deficiency

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fertilizer sphericity measuring device based on equatorial and meridian circles

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第1期8卷 52-63页

作者： Hongjian Zhang Junlin Mu Shuangxi Liu Zhen Wang Guikun Chu Jinxing Wang College of Mechanical and Engineering Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment Taian 271018China Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence Taian 271018China

fertilizer sphericity is an important assessment index of appearance quality that affects the fertilization effect.A fertilizer sphericity measuring device based on machine vision was designed aimed at low precision and heavy workload of manual fertilizer measurement,and high cost and complicated operation of high precision measuring instruments.A fertilizer sphericity measuring method based on equatorial and meridian circles was *** device works in an intermittent static acquisition mode to simultaneously obtain both top and side images of a single ***,the method performs gamma correction on the top and side images of the single fertilizer,and uses the Canny operator to detect the edge of the image to obtain the equatorial and meridian circular contour images of the ***,based on the fertilizer equatorial and meridian circular contour,the Least Squares Circle method was used to evaluate the roundness of the single ***,the average roundness value of the equatorial and meridian circles was used as the final sphericity value of the *** sphericity measurement test was carried out on the same batch of compound,organic and biological fertilizers by using the sphericity measuring *** fertilizer sphericity data were obtained by different measurement and evaluation *** variation coefficient was used to evaluate the difference in fertilizer sphericity measured by different sphericity measurement and evaluation *** results show that among the different measurement and evaluation methods,the coefficient of variation of fertilizer sphericity measured by the equatorial and meridian circle method was the smallest,and the coefficient of variation of sphericity measured by the Least Squares Circle method was the smallest and *** study shows that the sphericity measuring device and method can accurately measure the fertilizer sphericity,and has a significant potential to facilitate fertiliz

关键词： fertilizer Sphericity Equatorial and meridian circles Machine vision Measuring device Measuring method

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Bio-inspired Surface Structure for Slow-release of Urea fertilizer

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第2期17卷 335-344页

作者： Methus Charoenchai Panida Prompinit Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon Lapporn Vayachuta Kasetsart University Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceKasetsart UniversityBangkok 10900Thailand National Nanotechnology Center(NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)Khlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand

In this work,bio-inspired concepts,including a Self-Healing(SH)and super hydrophobic structure,were used to produce slow-release of urea *** a bottom-up process,an SH layer on the urea granule was produced from a combination of two natural waxes,palm and carnauba,and fabricated by a hot-melt coating process in a pan *** layer for super hydrophobicity was formed by a deposition of submicron-wax and carbon black particles on the SH layer to create a micro-nanostructure during *** the heat treatment,a smooth coating and even deposition of waxes throughout the urea surfaces were *** properties of the waxes,a healing mechanism,and releasing profiles were examined using an optical *** cracking of the coated urea surface,the intrinsic self-healing behavior was stimulated by heating the samples above 45℃C,corresponding to high ambient daytime ***-trapping behavior was observed at the interphase of the water and coated urea,creating super hydrophobic granule surfaces which act as an invisible layer for water-penetration *** releasing profiles of the coated urea in soil revealed that the releasing periods could be significantly extended to four-times longer than those of the uncoated urea.

关键词： bio-inspiration slow-release nitrogen fertilizer self-healing super hydrophobicity

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Can arbuscular mycorrhiza and fertilizer management reduce phosphorus runoff from paddy fields?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 211-218页

作者： Shujuan Zhang Li Wang Fang Ma Xue Zhang Zhe Li Shiyang Li Xiaofeng Jiang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of Municipal and Environmental EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology

Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus（P） runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin River basin, in the northeast China： six nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer levels were provided（0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer supply）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume and concentrations of particle P（PP） and dissolved P（DP） were measured for each runoff during the rice growing season. It was found that the seasonal P runoff, including DP and PP, under the local fertilization was 3.7 kg/ha, with PP, rather than DP, being the main form of P in runoff water. Additionally, the seasonal P runoff dropped only by 8.9% when fertilization decreased by 20%; rice yields decreased with declining fertilization. We also found that inoculation increased rice yields and decreased P runoff at each fertilizer level and these effects were lower under higher fertilization. Conclusively, while rice yields were guaranteed arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer management would play a key role in reducing P runoff from paddy fields.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer Paddy fields Phosphorus runoff Rice

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Synthesis of vinasse-dolomite nanocomposite biochar via a novel developed functionalization method to recover phosphate as a potential fertilizer substitute

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 173-188页

作者： Nima Kamali Abdollah Rashidi Mehrabadi Maryam Mirabi Mohammad Ali Zahed Civil Water and Environmental Engineering FacultyShahid Beheshti University A.C.TehranIran Cell and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Biological SciencesKharazmi UniversityTehranIran

The effectiveness of phosphate(P)removal from aqueous solutions was investigated by novel low-cost biochars synthesized from vinasse and functionalized with calcined *** vinasse-derived biochar,synthesized via pyrolysis at different temperatures,showed easy preparation and a large surface *** novel vinasse biochar nanocomposites were prepared by adding dolomite to the vinasse biochars with different weight percentages(10,20 and 30%).The characteristics of the prepared materials were identified for further understanding of the inherent adsorption mechanism between P ions and vinasse ***-dolomite nanocomposite was very effective in the adsorption of P species from aqueous *** effect of the operational factors on Vinasse-dolomite nanocomposite was explored by applying response surface methodology(RSM).According to RSM results,the optimum condition was achieved to be contact time 90(min),250(mg/L)of P concentration and pH *** isotherm and kinetic studies were applied on experimental data to understand the adsorption *** Vinasse-dolomite nanocomposite revealed preferential P species adsorption in the presence of co-existing *** P species could be recovered by 1.0 MHC 1 where the efficiency was not affected up to the fifth *** P-loaded Vinasse-dolomite nanocomposite was successfully tested on a plant;it significantly improved its growth and proved its potency as a P-based fertilizer substitute.

关键词： Biochar Vinasse Dolomite Phosphate fertilizer

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Effects of Green Manures and Zinc fertilizer Sources on DTPA-Extractable Zinc in Soil and Zinc Content in Basmati Rice Plants at Different Growth Stages

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Pedosphere 2019年第4期29卷 504-515页

作者： Amarpreet SINGH Yashbir Singh SHIVAY Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) New Delhi 110012 (India) Division of Crop Production ICAR- Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres Barrackpore Kolkata West Bengal 700120 (India)

Rice is very sensitive to low zinc(Zn) supply in submerged paddy soils and Zn deficiency is one of the major limiting factors in determining rice production in India. A field experiment was conducted during the summer-rainy seasons of 2009 and 2010 at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to determine the effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA)-extractable(available) Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in Basmati rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1 at periodic intervals. Summer green manure crops included Sesbania aculeata(Dhaincha),Crotalaria juncea(Sunhemp), and Vigna unguiculata(Cowpea) and the Zn fertilizers used were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA)-chelated Zn, ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnO, and ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO. Beneficial effects of summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers on DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil and total Zn content in dry matter of Basmati rice at periodic intervals were observed, with significant increases in all the determined parameters, in comparison with those in the control(no Zn application or summer fallow). The rate of increase varied among summer green manure crops and Zn fertilizers during both years. Among the summer green manures, incorporation of S. aculeata led to a significant increase in mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw when compared with C. juncea, V. unguiculata, and summer fallow treatments. Among the Zn fertilizers, significant increases in Zn content in Basmati rice dry matter and DTPA-extractable Zn concentration in soil during various growth stages of the plant were recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application, followed by the application of ZnSO4·7H2O, ZnSO4·H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O + ZnO, ZnO,and no Zn. The highest mean Zn content in Basmati rice grain and straw was recorded with EDTA-chelated Zn application in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The application of ZnSO4·7H2O was the second best treatment af

关键词： available Zn fertilizer application plant zinc uptake rice production soil fertility summer green manure zinc deficiency zinc source zinc supply

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Evaluation of the CROPGRO-Peanut model in simulating appropriate sowing date and phosphorus fertilizer application rate for peanut in a subtropical region of eastern India

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The Crop Journal 2017年第4期5卷 317-325页

作者： Debjani Halder Rabindra Kumar Panda Rajiv Kumar Srivastava Shyamal Kheroar Department of Agriculture Government of West Bengal Mathabhanga Cooch Behar 736 146 West Bengal India School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar 751 013 Odisha India Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India Department of Agronomy Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya Pundibari Cooch Behar 736 165 West Bengal India

Projected changes in weather parameters, mainly temperature and rainfall, have already started to show their effect on agricultural production. To cope with the changing scenarios, adoption of appropriate management strategies is of paramount importance. A study was undertaken to evaluate the most appropriate combination of sowing date and phosphorus fertilization level for peanut crops grown in sandy loam soil in a subhumid region of eastern India. Field experiments were conducted during the summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 on peanut crops at the farm of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. The DSSAT v4.5 CROPGRO-Peanut model was used to predict the phenology, growth, and yield of peanut crop under combinations of four sowing dates and four phosphorus fertilization levels. The model was calibrated with a 2012 dataset of growth, phenology, and yield parameters for estimating the genetic coefficients of cultivar TMV-2 and was validated with a 2013 dataset of the same parameters. Simulations of pod yield and other yield parameters using the calibrated model were found to be quite accurate. The model was able to reasonably simulate pod yield and final biomass with low normalized root mean square error (RMSE_n), low absolute root mean square error (RMSE_a) and high coefficient of determination (R^2> 0.7) over a wide range of sowing dates and different phosphorus fertilization levels sensitivity analysis indicated that sowing from the second week of January to the end of February with 30–50 kg P_2O_5 ha^(-1)would give the highest pod yield.

关键词： Sowing date Phosphorus fertilizer CROPGRO-Peanut model Sensitivity analysis RMSE

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Farm size and fertilizer sustainable use: An empirical study in Jiangsu, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第12期18卷 2898-2909页

作者： HU Ling-xiao ZHANG Xiao-heng ZHOU Ying-heng China Institute for Rural Studies Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084P.R.China College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China School of Economics Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013P.R.China

Inefficient use of fertilizer has caused serious environmental problems and unsustainable development of agriculture in *** meet the increasing food demand in the future without damaging the ecological environment,Chinese government officially launched the Action Plan for the Zero Growth of fertilizer Use in *** the same time,China released a series of policies aiming explicitly at expanding farm size and a great number of large scale farmers emerged ***,whether the expansion of farm size will be beneficial for the increase of fertilizer use efficiency still remains to be *** this study,we comprehensively explored the relationship between fertilizer use efficiency and farm *** on the 4281 farm households’survey data collected by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)of China from 2004 to 2016 in Jiangsu Province,China,this paper applies a stochastic frontier production function to estimate fertilizer use efficiency across farm size and uses a regression model to analyze the influence of farm size on fertilizer use *** results show that:(1)the average fertilizer use efficiency of whole samples was only 0.60,much lower than the average technical efficiency,indicating that on average half of the fertilizer utilized are excessive in China;and(2)the smallest farm size group get the highest fertilizer use efficiency *** also provide some possible explanations for the inverse relationship between farm size and fertilizer use efficiency.

关键词： fertilizer use efficiency farm size China's rice production

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Carbon cycle in response to residue management and fertilizer application in a cotton field in arid Northwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 1103-1119页

作者： ZHANG Peng-peng XU Shou-zhen ZHANG Guo-juan PU Xiao-zhen WANG Jin ZHANG Wang-feng The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Agricultural College Shihezi University College of Life Science Shihezi University Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Xinjiang

Understanding the influence of farming practices on carbon(C) cycling is important for maintaining soil quality and mitigating climate change, especially in arid regions where soil infertility, water deficiency, and climate change had significantly influenced on agroecosystem. A field experiment was set up in 2009 to examine the influence of residue management and fertilizer application on the C cycle in a cotton field in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of Northwest China. The study included two residue management practices(residue incorporation(S) and residue removal(NS)) and four fertilizer treatments(no fertilizer(CK), organic manure(OM), chemical fertilizer(NPK), chemical fertilizer plus organic manure(NPK+OM)). Soil organic carbon(SOC) and some of its labile fractions, soil CO_2 flux, and canopy apparent photosynthesis were measured during the cotton growing seasons in 2015 and 2016. The results showed that SOC, labile SOC fractions, canopy apparent photosynthesis, and soil CO_2 emission were significantly greater in S+NPK+OM(residue incorporation+chemical fertilizer) than in the other treatments. Analysis of all data showed that canopy apparent photosynthesis and soil CO_2 emission increased as SOC increased. The S+OM(residue incorporation+organic manure) and S+NPK+OM treatments were greater for soil C sequestration, whereas the other treatments resulted in soil C loss. The S+NPK treatment is currently the standard management practice in Xinjiang. The results of this study indicate that S+NPK cannot offset soil C losses due to organic matter decomposition and autotrophic respiration. Residue return combined with NPK fertilizer and organic manure application is the preferred strategy in arid regions for increasing soil C sequestration.

关键词： residue fertilizer SOC pool canopy apparent photosynthesis soil respiration soil C balance

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Appraisal of Biofertilizers in Rice: To Supplement Inorganic Chemical fertilizer

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 357-366页

作者： Haider Iqbal KHAN C 36 Gateway Building The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of inoculating rice seedlings with biofertilizers(Azospirillum and Trichoderma) in order to reduce the use of chemical inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizer on rice variety BU Dhan 1. The plant performances were better when 25% less inorganic N was applied with Trichoderma and combined application of Trichoderma and Azospirillum. Plants contained the highest chlorophyll concentrations when they were treated with 75% N + Trichoderma. Considering the yield attributes, 75% N + Trichoderma and 75% N + Trichoderma + Azospirillum performed similar to the control. The grain yield of rice was similar to the recommended dose even with 25% less N application. Application of Trichoderma resulted higher yield, followed by combined application with Azospirillum. Results revealed the greater scope of applying biofertilizer(Trichoderma) to supplement chemical N fertilizer with optimum yield of rice.

关键词： Azospirillum biofertilizer inorganic chemical fertilizer rice Trichoderma nitrogen

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