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Unexpected BrdU inhibition on astrocyte-to-neuron conversion

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1526-1534页

作者： Tao Wang Jian-Cheng Liao Xu Wang Qing-Song Wang Kai-Ying Wan Yi-Yi Yang Qing He Jia-Xuan Zhang Gong Chen Wen Li Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration(GHMICR) Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine(BrdU)is a halogenated pyrimidine that can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell *** is widely used in fate-mapping studies of embryonic and adult neurogenesis to identify newborn neurons,however side effects on neural stem cells and their progeny have been *** vivo astrocyte-to-neuron(AtN)conversion is a new approach for generating newborn neurons by directly converting endogenous astrocytes into *** BrdU-labeling strategy has been used to trace astrocyte-converted neurons,but whether BrdU has any effect on the AtN conversion is ***,while conducting a NeuroD1-mediated AtN conversion study using BrdU to label dividing reactive astrocytes following ischemic injury,we accidentally discovered that BrdU inhibited AtN *** initially found a gradual reduction in BrdU-labeled astrocytes during NeuroD1-mediated AtN conversion in the mouse *** most NeuroD1-infected astrocytes were converted into neurons,the number of BrdU-labeled neurons was surprisingly *** exclude the possibility that this BrdU inhibition was caused by the ischemic injury,we conducted an in vitro AtN conversion study by overexpressing NeuroD1 in cultured cortical astrocytes in the presence or absence of ***,we also found a significantly lower conversion rate and a smaller number of converted neurons in the BrdU-treated group compared with the untreated *** results revealed an unexpected inhibitory effect of BrdU on AtN conversion,suggesting more caution is needed when using BrdU in AtN conversion studies and in data interpretation.

关键词： 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine NeuroD1 astrocyte-to-neuron conversion reprogramming neural regeneration reactive astrocytes neurons lineage tracing fate mapping neural stem cell

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Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferation of residual microglia, not from de novo progenitor cells

Repopulated microglia are solely derived from the proliferat...

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中国神经科学学会第十二届全国学术会议

作者： Yubin Huang Shanshan Xiong Guangrong Qin Guanglei Hu Jingjing Wang Fangfang Sun Yu-Xiang Liang Zhen Xu Kwok-Fai So Tianzhun Wu Mark S.Humayun Ti-Fei Yuan Yanxia Rao Bo Peng Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology City University of Hong Kong School of Psychology Nanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan University Department of Ophthalmology Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

Studies found new-born microglia replenished the whole brain after selective elimination of microglia（＞99%） in adult mice. Immunohistochemical evidences suggested that repopulated microglia were differentiated from de novo progenitors expressing Nestin in the brain, which raised the possibility that the cross-lineage differentiation occurs in the mature brain. However, the origin of repopulating microglia has been hotly debated. In the present study, we investigated the origin of repopulating microglia by fate mapping. We first excluded that repopulated microglia were from blood cells. We then identified that repopulated microglia were not differentiated from Nestinpositive cells. Next we demonstrated all new-born microglia were derived from the proliferation of surviving microglia（＜0.90%）. Moreover, we confirmed that the whole brain transcriptome were not largely altered among stages of microglial elimination and repopulation. In summary, we concluded that de novo microglial progenitor cells were not existed in the adult brain.

关键词： Microglia repopulation CSF1R fate mapping parabiosis

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