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Soil erosion and sediment interception by check dams in a watershed for an extreme rainstorm on the Loess Plateau,China

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第4期35卷 408-416页

作者： Leichao Bai Nan Wang Juying Jiao Yixian Chen Bingzhe Tang Haolin Wang Yulan Chen Xiqin Yan Zhijie Wang State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest Agricultural and Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences Guizhou University

The magnitude of soil erosion and sediment load reduction efficiency of check dams under extreme rainstorms is a long-standing *** current paper aims to use check dams to deduce the amount of soil erosion under extreme rainstorms in a watershed and to identify the difference in sediment interception efficiency of different types of check *** on the sediment deposition at 12 check dams with 100% sediment interception efficiency and sub-catchment clustering by taking 12 damcontrolled catchments as clustering criteria,the amount of soil erosion resulting from an extreme rainstorm event on July 26,2017(named "7·26" extreme rainstorm) was estimated in the Chabagou watershed in the hill and gully region of the Loess *** differences in the sediment interception efficiency among the check dams in the watershed were analyzed according to field observations at 17 check *** results show that the average erosion intensity under the "7-26" extreme rainstorm was approximately 2.03×104t/km2,which was 5 times that in the second largest erosive rainfall in 2017(4.15×103t/km2) and 11-384 times that for storms in 2018(0.53×102t/km2-1.81×103t/km2).Under the "7-26" extreme rainstorm,the amount of soil erosion in the Chabagou watershed above the Caoping hydrological station was 4.20 × 106 *** sediment interception efficiency of the check dams with drainage canals(including the destroyed check dams) and with drainage culverts was 6.48 and 39.49%,*** total actual sediment amount trapped by the check dams was 1.11 × 106 t,accounting for 26.36% of the total amount of soil *** contrast,3.09×106 t of sediment were input to the downstream channel,and the sediment deposition in the channel was 2.23×106t,accounting for 53.15%of the total amount of soil *** amount of sediment transport at the hydrological station was8.60×*** Sediment Delivery Ratio(SDR) under the "7·26" extreme rainstorm was *** results indicated that the amount o

关键词： extreme rainstorm Soil erosion Check dam Sediment interception Loess Plateau

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Analysis on the Cause and Forecast Deviation of an extreme rainstorm in Changsha Urban Area

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2023年第1期14卷 50-55,59页

作者： Yun FANG Tianyao SHEN Sheng ZHOU Jingjing PENG Lijun CHENG Changsha Meteorological Bureau Changsha 410205China Hunan Provincial Weather Modification Leading Group Office Changsha 410118China

Using NCEP reanalysis data,high-altitude and ground observation data,numerical model data,satellite and radar data,formation cause and forecast deviation of an extreme rainstorm process in Changsha urban area at night on June 9,2020 were *** results showed that(1)the extreme rainstorm process developed near the surface convergence line,with strong localization,short duration and large hourly rainfall intensity.(2)Under the high temperature and high humidity environment,the low-level cold advection and the hot low-pressure system interacted,and the potential con-vective unstable energy was released,and a strong convective weather was formed.(3)The convergence of water vapor in the lower layer and the strong upward movement provided sufficient water vapor for the *** low-centroid thunderstorm was the main reason for the extreme rainstorm.(4)The forecast deviation of the numerical model to the low-level shear line and the mesoscale convergence line was an important reason for the forecast deviation of the heavy rainfall area.

关键词： extreme rainstorm Ground convergence line Unstable energy

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Responses of flood peaks to land use and landscape patterns under extreme rainstorms in small catchments-A case study of the rainstorm of Typhoon Lekima in Shandong,China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 228-239页

作者： Yuanhao Liu Jianqiao Han Juying Jiao Baoyuan Liu Wenyan Ge Qingbin Pan Fei Wang Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of the Loess Plateau Soil Erosion and Water Loss Process and Control Ministry of Water ResourcesZhengzhou450003Henan ProvinceChina Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling712100Shaanxi ProvinceChina China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Resea

Investigations of the formation mechanisms of flood peaks in small catchments facilitate flood prediction and disaster prevention under extreme ***,there have been few studies on the re-sponses of flood peaks to land use landscape patterns using field surveys during extreme rainstorm *** on field data from 17 small catchments near the rainstorm center of Typhoon Lekima,7 landscape indices were *** flood peak and its sensitivity to the land use landscape were investigated by combining remote sensing interpretation and related *** conclusions are as follows:(1)The peak discharge of the small catchment was 2.36e56.50 m3/s,the peak modulus was 8.00 e48.89 m3/(s$km2),and the flood index K ranged from 3.61 to 4.55.(2)Under similar rainfall conditions,the flood peak modulus,K and the proportion of sloping cropland had significantly positive correlations(pextreme rain-storms can be improved by increasing the areas of forest-grassland,and terraces and reducing landscape *** results could be applied to provide a basis for land use planning and support for the response against disasters caused by extreme floods.

关键词： extreme rainstorm Flood peak intensity Flood peak sensitivity Land use Landscape pattern

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Synergistic Effect of the Planetary-scale Disturbance, Typhoon and Meso-β-scale Convective Vortex on the extremely Intense rainstorm on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第3期40卷 428-446页

作者： Guanshun ZHANG Jiangyu MAO Wei HUA Xiaofei WU Ruizao SUN Ziyu YAN Yimin LIU Guoxiong WU Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510640China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Henan Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Support and Applied Technique CMAZhengzhou 450003China Henan Meteorological Service Center Zhengzhou 450003China School of Geo-Science and Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

On 20 July 2021,northern Henan Province in China experienced catastrophic flooding as a result of an extremely intense rainstorm,with a record-breaking hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm during 0800–0900 UTC and daily accumulated rainfall in Zhengzhou City exceeding 600 mm(“Zhengzhou 7.20 rainstorm”for short).The multi-scale dynamical and thermodynamical mechanisms for this rainstorm are investigated based on station-observed and ERA-5 reanalysis *** backward trajectory tracking shows that the warm,moist air from the northwestern Pacific was mainly transported toward Henan Province by confluent southeasterlies on the northern side of a strong typhoon In-Fa(2021),with the convergent southerlies associated with a weaker typhoon Cempaka(2021)concurrently transporting moisture northward from South China Sea,supporting the *** the upper troposphere,two equatorward-intruding potential vorticity(PV)streamers within the planetary-scale wave train were located over northern Henan Province,forming significant divergent flow aloft to induce stronger ascending motion ***,the converged moist air was also blocked by the mountains in western Henan Province and forced to rise so that a deep meso-β-scale convective vortex(MβCV)was induced over the west of Zhengzhou *** PV budget analyses demonstrate that the MβCV development was attributed to the positive feedback between the rainfall-related diabatic heating and high-PV under the strong upward PV advection during the Zhengzhou 7.20 ***,the MβCV was forced by upper-level larger-scale westerlies becoming eastward-sloping,which allowed the mixtures of abundant raindrops and hydrometeors to ascend slantwise and accumulate just over Zhengzhou City,resulting in the record-breaking hourly rainfall locally.

关键词： extreme rainstorm potential vorticity trajectory tracking planetary-scale disturbance meso-β-scale convective system

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