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extra-hepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis E virus infection:a comprehensive review of the literature

Gastroenterology Report 2016年第1期4卷 1-15,I0001页

作者： Fateh Bazerbachi Samir Haffar Sushil K Garg John R Lake Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of DamascusDamascusSyrian Arab Republic

Background and aims:Hepatitis E virus(HEV)infection is a significant public health problem that afflicts almost 20 million individuals annually and causes acute liver injury in 3.5 million,with approximately 56000 *** with other viral hepatitides,extra-hepatic manifestations could represent an important aspect of this *** spectrum of these manifestations is still *** pancreatitis and neurological,musculoskeletal,hematological,renal,and other immune-mediated manifestations have been *** aim of this article is to comprehensively review the published literature of extra-hepatic manifestations associated with HEV *** sources:We searched the PubMed database using the MeSH term“hepatitis E”and each of the extra-hepaticmanifestations associated with HEV *** language or date restrictions were set in these *** retrieving articles with non-A,non-B hepatitis were *** articles were identified through the reference lists of included ***:Several extra-hepatic manifestations associated with HEV infection have been *** temporal association between some extra-hepatic manifestations and HEV infection and the exclusion of other possible etiologies suggests that HEV infection could have caused some of *** to the available data,HEV infection appears to be strongly associated with acute pancreatitis,neurological disorders(with primarily dominant peripheral nerve involvement,most commonly manifested as Guillain-Barre´syndrome,followed by neuralgic amyotrophy),hematological diseases(hemolytic anemia due to glucose phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency,and severe thrombocytopenia),glomerulonephritis,and mixed *** data are needed to clarify whether an association exists with musculoskeletal or other immunemediated ***:HEV infection should be considered in patients with acute pancreatitis,Guillain-Barre´syndrome,neuralgic amyotrophy,hem

关键词： hepatitis E virus viral hepatitis extra-hepatic manifestations vaccine primary prevention

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Dermatologic extrahepatic manifestations of Hepatitis C

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第2期3卷 127-133页

作者： Bhavtosh Dedania George Y.Wu Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Connecticut Heath Center Farmington CT USA

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects millions of people worldwide,and an estimated 3.2 million people in the United *** is a hepatotropic and lymphotropic virus that causes not only liver disease,but also a significant number of extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs).Up to 74% of patients affected by HCV will have HCV-related EHMs of some severity in their *** EHMs vary from simple cutaneous palpable purpura to complex lymphoproliferative disorders,including lymphomas and immune-complex deposit diseases causing local and/or systemic *** cryoglobulinemia (MC) is manifested by multiple systemic organ involvement,mainly skin,kidney,peripheral nerves,and salivary glands,and less frequently causes widespread vasculitis and malignant *** affects up to 3% of HCV-infected patients with cryoglobulinemia of clinical significance,i.e.>6%.Severe disease requires immunosuppressive or plasma exchange *** prevalence in the United States in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) was reported to be 66%,much higher than that in general ***,all patients with PCT should be screened for *** skin rash of PCT varies from large blisters to small vesicles and/or milia on the *** manifestations due to PCT usually respond to anti-HCV treatment together with reducing skin sun exposure,avoiding triggers,having routine phlebotomy (especially for people with chronic iron overload states),and using *** planus (LP),which typically affects both the skin and oral mucosa is a chronic inflammatory disease of squamous cell origin affecting about 1% of the worldwide *** prevalence of HCV in patients with LP varies based on geographic *** review here the basic pathophysiology,clinical features,and management of dermatologic manifestations of HCV.

关键词： Dermatologic manifestations extra-hepatic manifestations Hepatitis C virus Cryoglobulinemia Porphyria cutanea tarda Lichen planus

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the neuropsychiatric status of Wilson’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第39期27卷 6733-6736页

作者： Giuseppe Lanza Massimiliano Godani Raffaele Ferri Alberto Raggi Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit Oasi Research Institute-IRCCSTroina 94018Italy Neurology Unit Sant’Andrea Civic HospitalLa Spezia 19121Italy Department of Neurology IC Sleep Research CenterOasi Research Institute-IRCCSTroina 94018Italy Unit of Neurology G.B.Morgagni-L.Pierantoni HospitalForlì47121Italy

We have read with interest the Letter to the Editor by *** and Zhong,who presented the clinical data of 68 patients with Wilson’s disease(WD)who were admitted to the hospital before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,and appreciated their findings on hepatic and some extrahepatic ***,given the strong impact of the pandemic on patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders,we would have expected a worsening of the psychiatric and/or neurological impairments in these *** contrast,according to the authors,these manifestations remained,somewhat unexpectedly,*** finding is in contrast with most of the current literature that highlights not only an increased incidence of mental health disorders in the general population but also an exacerbation of neurological and psychiatric symptoms in patients with chronic diseases,especially in those with pre-existing neuropsychiatric disorders,such as *** the study was mainly focused on the hepatic features of WD patients taking anti-copper treatment,a generic and cumulative definition of neurological and psychiatric manifestations,as in this study,does not allow for further *** studies during and after the pandemic are necessary to clarify the real impact,either direct or indirect,of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neurological and psychiatric symptoms of WD patients.

关键词： Wilson’s disease extra-hepatic manifestations Neuropsychiatric symptoms COVID-19 Therapy Resilience

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