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etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract infections and the emerging role of bitter taste receptors:A scoping review

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第4期10卷 145-154页

作者： Menizibeya O.Welcome Abraham Jeremiah Dennis O.Allagoa Senol Dane Vladimir A.Pereverzev Department of Physiology Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesNile University of NigeriaAbujaNigeria Department of Surgery Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Surgery Belarusian State Medical UniversityMinskBelarus Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Normal Physiology Belarusian State Medical UniversityMinskBelarus

Reproductive tract infections pose an immense public health concern worldwide as over 600 million new cases are recorded annually along with several complications,including infertility,ectopic pregnancy,preterm delivery,and neonatal *** improved understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenic invasion,the etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract infections is yet to be completely *** data has suggested a critical role of bitter taste receptors of the reproductive tract in etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract ***,we review the literature on current etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract infections and the role of bitter taste receptors of the reproductive tract in etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract *** evidence suggests a critical role of microbiota disorder of the reproductive tract in reproductive tract *** bacterial,protozoan parasitic,helminthic parasitic and viral pathogens have been identified as causative agents of reproductive tract *** pathogens subvert host defenses and activate specific architectural units of the uroepithelium such as Toll-like receptors,which recognize conserved motifs on the *** activated Toll-like receptors mediate downstream signaling,stimulating nuclear factor-κB,which in turn activates the production of proinflammatory *** pathway is also associated with recruitment of immunocytes to the site of aggression and release of proteinases,which drive tissue damage in the reproductive *** in detection of pathogenic components by the bitter taste receptors of the reproductive tract may play a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of reproductive tract *** review provides important information for identification of novel frontiers for the treatment of reproductive tract infections.

关键词： Infection Genital inflammation Reproduction Reproductive tract infections Bitter taste receptor etiopathogenesis Cytokines

Hepatic perfusion disorders: etiopathogenesis and related diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3265-3270页

作者： Jin-Lin Tian Jin-Shan Zhang Department of Radiology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

In this article, we have reviewed the hepatic perfusion disorder （HPD）, etiopathogenesis of HPD and corresponding diseases. Review of the literature was based on computer searches （PubMed, Index Medicus） and personal experiences. We considered HPD reflects perfusion differences due to redistribution of arterial blood flow among segments, subsegments and lobes of the liver. The plain CT scan findings of HPD manifests as triangular or wedge-shaped areas of low attenuation. On contrast-enhanced CT scan, HPD manifests multiple （or single） transient wedge-shaped, rotundloid or irregular appearance, homogeneous hyperattenuation （in less cases, hypoattenuation） during the hepatic arterial phase （HAP） and isoattenuated or slightly hyperattenuated areas during the portal arterial phase. Dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance （MR） features are similar to enhanced CT scan. Angiographic findings include non-opacification of portal vein on portograms or wedge-shaped segmental staining in arterial and parenchymal phases on hepatic angiograms. The causes of HPD are arterioportal shunts （APS）, intrahepatic vascular compressions and portal vein occlusion, steal phenomenon by hypervascular tumors, vascular variations and any other unknown reasons. It is very important for radiologists to be familiar with the various appearances of HPD to avoid false-positive diagnosis of pseudolesions and not to overestimate the extent of the disease.

关键词： etiopathogenesis Hepatic perfusion disorders Diseases

Potential etiopathogenesis of seventh day syndrome following living donor liver transplantation:ischemia of the graft?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第1期9卷 22-26页

作者： Lan, Xiang Li, Bo Wang, Xiao-Fei Wei, Yong-Gang Yan, Lu-Nan Zhao, Ji-Chun Sichuan Univ W China Hosp Div Liver Transplantat Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China Sichuan Univ W China Hosp Div Vasc Surg Chengdu 610041 Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: Seventh-day syndrome (7DS) is an early serious complication following liver transplantation with a high mortality because of its unknown etiopathogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the potential etiopathogenesis of 7DS. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 98 consecutive living donor liver transplants performed from 2001 to 2007 at our center revealed that 5 patients had suffered from 7DS; their age, MELD score, portal vein inflow and other parameters were compared with those of the other recipients. RESULTS: The 5 patients showed common features: (a) initial uneventful recovery, and a dramatic rise of serum liver enzyme levels I to 2 weeks later; (b) decreased inflow in the portal vein accompanied by augmentation of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen level; and (c) serial liver biopsy findings of apoptosis and ischemic necrosis of hepatocytes. Four of the 5 patients died. Age, waiting time to transplantation, MELD score, operation time, cold ischemic time, portal interceptive time and diameter of the portal vein were not significantly different between the 2 groups, but a difference was found in the flow rate of the portal vein (t=3.234, Petiopathogenesis of 7DS, for which, however sufficient evidence is lacking. More studies of 7DS are needed.

关键词： seventh-day syndrome living donor liver transplantation ischemic hepatitis etiopathogenesis hepatocellular necrosis

etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease:A new beginning?

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Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease:A new beginning?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma with unusual 18F-FDG hypermetabolism arising at the colorectal anastomosis

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Wei-Dong LE Parkinson''s Disease Research Center,Baylor College of Medicine,Institute of Neurology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine,Shanghai 20025 China

＜正＞Parkinson’s disease（PD） probably represents a syndrome of different disorders and etiologies converging into a relatively uniform neurodegenerative *** loss of dopaminergic（DAergic） neurons in the substantia nigra（SN） is the pathological hallmark of PD but the mechanisms underlying the loss of DAergic neurons in PD are still poorly understood.A complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors has been thought to play a critical *** on our recent findings in the disease cause and pathogenesis,we postulate that the pathogenic mechanisms may begin much earlier,possibly even in the prenatal *** some patients with PD may be born with fewer than normal number of dopaminergic（and non-dopaminergic） neurons as a result of genetic or other abnormalities sustained during the prenatal or perinatal period,and as a result of the normal age-related neuronal attrition eventually reach the critical threshold（60% or more） of neuronal loss needed for onset of PD to become clinically *** this talk we provide emerging evidence that genetic disruption of normal development,coupled with subsequent environmental factors（the so called "multiple-hit hypothesis"）,plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of PD.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease etiopathogenesis biomarker genetics environmental factor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第3期23卷 551-559页

作者： Na-Sha Zhang Fang Shi Li Kong Hui Zhu Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong UniversityShandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117Shandong ProvinceChina

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma usually originates from the stomach and presents with low ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avidity with average maximum standard uptake value of 3.6. Colorectal MALT lymphoma is a rare entity that contributes to 1.6% of all MALT lymphomas and < 0.2% of large intestinal malignancies. The case reported herein firstly revealed stage Ⅱ MALT lymphoma with unexpected higher ^(18)F-FDG avidity of 18.9 arising at the colorectal anastomosis in a patient with a surgical history for sigmoid adenocarcinoma, which was strongly suspected as local recurrence before histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. After accurate diagnosis, the patient received four cycles of standard R-CVP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone), combined target therapy and chemotherapy, instead of radiotherapy recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. He tolerated the treatment well and reached complete remission.

关键词： Colorectal anastomosis Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma etiopathogenesis Unusual 18F-FDG hypermetabolism 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging Patient-tailored treatment

Hepatitis B virus infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第19期20卷 5721-5729页

作者： Hua-Bang Zhou Jing-Yi Hu He-Ping Hu Department I of Hepatobiliary Diseases Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical University School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a devastating malignant tumor arising from the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct *** incidence and mortality of ICC is markedly increasing over the past two decades worldwide,though the cause for this rise in incidence is unclear,thus intensifying the search for alternative etiological agents and pathogenetic ***,primary sclerosing cholangitis,parasitic infection(Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis),fibropolycystic liver disease,and chemical carcinogen exposure are thought to be the risk factors for ***,the majority of ICC patients do not have any of these risk factors,and none of the established risk factors can explain the recent increasing trend of ***,identifying other risk factors may lead to the prevention and early detection of *** hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is the predominant cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in HBVendemic *** review discusses the evidence implicating chronic HBV infection as a likely etiology of ICC and the pathogenetic mechanisms that might be involved.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Epidemiology etiopathogenesis

Müller-Weiss disease:Four case reports

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第11期11卷 507-515页

作者： Antonio Volpe Luca Monestier Teresa Malara Giacomo Riva Giuseppe La Barbera Michele FrancescoSurace Foot and Ankle Clinic Policlinico Abano TermeAbano Terme 35031Italy Orthopedic and Trauma Unit ASST Sette LaghiVarese 21100Italy Department of Biomedical Science and Functional Images Universitàdi MessinaMessina 98122Italy Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Pathology and Surgery of the Musculoskeletal System Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences(DBSV)University of InsubriaVarese 21020Italy

BACKGROUND Müller-Weiss disease(MWD)is an idiopathic foot condition characterized by spontaneous tarsal“scaphoiditis”in *** bilateral and affecting females during the 4th-6th decades of life,the pathogenesis of MWD remains unclear:It has been traditionally considered a spontaneous osteonecrosis of the *** typical presentation of MWD is a long period of subtle discomfort followed by prolonged standing,atraumatic,disabling ***,there is no gold standard for the treatment of patients with *** support initial conservative *** treatment should be considered for failure of conservative therapies longer than 6 *** indication for surgery is severity of symptoms rather than severity of *** treatment options include core decompression,internal fixation of the tarsal navicular,open or arthroscopic triple fusion,talo-navicular or talo-navicular-cuneiform arthrodesis,and navicular excision with reconstruction of the medial *** SUMMARY In this study,we report four patients affected by *** and radiographic assessment,follow-up and treatment are *** As it is frequently misdiagnosed,MWD is challenging for orthopedic *** diagnosis and effective treatment are mandatory to avoid sequelae.

关键词： Müller-Weiss etiopathogenesis Review Treatment Case report

Pathomolecular characterization of HCC in non-cirrhotic livers

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Hepatoma Research 2020年第8期6卷 12-28页

作者： Archana Rastogi Department of Pathology Institute of Liver&Biliary SciencesNew Delhi-110070India.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary liver cancer and usually arises in cirrhotic ***,it is diagnosed in non-cirrhotic livers.A variety of risk factors and etiologies can trigger the development of HCC in non-fibrotic and non-cirrhotic *** most important causes are metabolic syndrome and hepatitis B virus *** pathogenetic mechanisms are direct carcinogenesis,chronic liver injury and repair cycles,and genetic/epigenetic *** has a very important role in the diagnosis of non-cirrhotic *** features of non-cirrhotic HCC are quite different from HCC originating in a cirrhotic *** characteristics are similar to a classical ***,certain histological variants show a predilection to occur in non-cirrhotic *** encompass fibrolamellar,scirrhous,steatohepatitic and mixed hepato-cholangiocarcinoma *** to the non-cirrhotic background,adenoma,metastasis and most of the other non-neoplastic and neoplastic conditions enter the differential *** studies and morpho-molecular classifications of HCC provide further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of non-cirrhotic *** group however,has rarely been exclusively *** review offers an update of etiology,patho-molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis of HCC arising in non-cirrhotic backgrounds.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma non-cirrhotic etiopathogenesis molecular genetics pathology patho-molecular differential diagnosis

Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression in Nasal Polyp

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2016年第2期5卷 90-95页

作者： Veysel Yurttas Tayfun Apuhan Tugce Simsek Zeynep Ocak Uzeyir Gok Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine Bolu Turkey Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Intercontinental Hospital Istanbul Turkey Department of Genetic Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Medical Park Hospital Elazig Turkey

Objective: To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the correlation between TLR expression and mucosal changes in chronic sinusitis-related nasal polyposis. Methods: Patients with nasal polyps were enrolled in this study as the study group. The control group consisted of individuals undergoing surgery due to nasal obstruction caused by concha hypertrophy who were not diagnosed with chronic sinusitis-related nasal polyposis (NP). There were 30 patients in the study group (individuals with NP) and 20 patients in the control group. Sterile tissue samples were taken from the patients and were kept at -80°C. A piece of tissue sample was put into the eppendorf tube. Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 gene was investigated in the tissue samples. The samples were taken after the surgery;they were carried into the liquid nitrogen and were kept at -80° C before study. Results: TLR2 and TLR4 expression was measured in both groups and then analyzed using Student’s t-test. In the experimental group, the level of TLR2 expression was significantly higher than in the control group (P etiopathogenesis of NP. In addition, the authors consider that a possible treatment for NP could be a TLR-specific treatment. Thus, in the future it will be essential to determine the extent to which TLRs function in NP formation and to apply this knowledge to design a specific therapeutic regimen for the enhanced treatment of NP.

关键词： Nasal Polyposis Toll-Like Receptor Gene Expression etiopathogenesis