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Therapeutic roles of plants for 15 hypothesised causal bases of Alzheimer’s disease

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2022年第1期12卷 530-566页

作者： Sheena E.B.Tyler Luke D.K.Tyler John Ray Research Field Station CheshireUK School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddUK

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is progressive and ultimately fatal,with current drugs failing to reverse and cure it.This study aimed to find plant species which may provide therapeutic bioactivities targeted to causal agents proposed to be driving AD.A novel toolkit methodology was employed,whereby clinical symptoms were translated into categories recognized in ethnomedicine.These categories were applied to find plant species with therapeutic effects,mined from ethnomedical surveys.Survey locations were mapped to assess how this data is at risk.Bioactivities were found of therapeutic relevance to 15 hypothesised causal bases for AD.107 species with an ethnological report of memory improvement demonstrated therapeutic activity for all these 15 causal bases.The majority of the surveys were found to reside within biodiversity hotspots(centres of high biodiversity under threat),with loss of traditional knowledge the most common threat.Our findings suggest that the documented plants provide a large resource of AD thera-peutic potential.In demonstrating bioactivities targeted to these causal bases,such plants may have the capacity to reduce or reverse AD,with promise as drug leads to target multiple AD hallmarks.However,there is a need to preserve ethnomedical knowledge,and the habitats on which this knowledge depends.

关键词： Medicinal plants Alzheimer’s Causal basis ethnomedicine Traditional knowledge

Pharmacological, Ethnomedicinal, and Evidence-Based Comparative Review of Moringa oleifera Lam.(Shigru) and Its Potential Role in the Management of Malnutrition in Tribal Regions of India, Especially Chhattisgarh

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第3期8卷 314-338页

作者： Kishor Sonewane Sharda Swaroop Chouhan Mariappan Rajan Nagendra Singh Chauhan Om Prakash Rout Awanish Kumar Gyanendra Singh Baghel Prashant Kumar Gupta Department of Kaumarabhritya-Balaroga Shri NPA Government Ayurveda CollegeRaipurChhattisgarhIndia Department of Natural Chemistry Madurai Kamraj UniversityMaduraiTamil NaduIndia Drug Testing Lab Avam Anushandhan Kendra Department of AYUSHChhattisgarhIndia Department of Dravya Guna Shri NPA Government Ayurveda CollegeRaipurChhattisgarhIndia Department of Biotechnology National Institute of TechnologyRaipurChhattisgarhIndia

Moringa oleifera Lam.(Shigru)(Moringaceae family) is a traditional medicine used for control of diabetes, obesity, asthma, and cardiac,liver, gastrointestinal, infective, and brain disorders, such as depression and Alzheimer's disease. In Ayurvedic literature, Shigru is among few drugs having Balya(nourishing) as well as Medohara(antiobesity) property. This review focuses on valid connections between the properties documented in ancient literature and current pharmacological knowledge of Moringa, including pharmacological actions, phytochemistry,botanical description, and how Moringa can tackle malnutrition in India, especially Chhattisgarh. All information about M. oleifera was obtained from electronic scientific databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Traditional Knowledge Digital Library, and Indian Traditional Books(Ancient Ayurveda literatures, The Wealth of India, and The Ayurvedic Formulary of India), postgraduate/doctoral thesis, and googling the keyword M. oleifera. M. oleifera have anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic,anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, wound-healing properties and it can potentially tackle malnutrition. This review describes the key information related to botanical description of M. oleifera, phytochemistry,pharmacological actions, clinical studies, toxicological studies, better utilization as food therapeutics, and ethnobotanical and evidence-based comparative review of M. oleifera. M. oleifera can effectively tackle malnutrition in India, especially Chhattisgarh. The authors emphasize the need for future in-depth ethnopharmacological lead-based research and clinical studies to expand M. oleifera pharmacological activities,clinical efficacy, and safety.

关键词： Ethnobotanical practices ethnomedicine Moringa oleifera phytochemicals pharmacological action

Ethnomedicinal knowledge of indigenous communities and pharmaceutical potential of rainforest ecosystems in Fiji Islands

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第4期17卷 244-249页

作者： Shipra Shah Jahangeer A.Bhat Department of Forestry College of Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Nausori Fiji National University

The World Health Organization recently raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance and lack of novel antibiotics in the health sector. The success rate of drug discovery is higher when chemical constituents are sourced from natural products and when drug candidates are based on the indigenous knowledge of local communities. Tropical rainforests are an important source of medicinal plants for traditional healthcare systems. The pharmaceutical industry also recognizes the potential of rainforests in novel drug development. However, habitat degradation and loss of traditional knowledge are endangering the healing powers of nature. The islands of Fiji have a rich cultural history of traditional medicine and a number of medicinal plants are sourced from the country's rainforest ecosystems. While deforestation and forest degradation are decimating unique rainforest biodiversity and reducing access to medicinal plants in the wild, inter-generational erosion of ethnobotanical knowledge is attributed to acculturation, rural-urban migration and their effects on the transmission of oral traditions from one generation to another. Under these conditions, plants may disappear before their therapeutic value is formally identified. This review summarizes the importance of traditional medicinal knowledge and the potential for drug discovery from the tropical rainforest ecosystems of Fiji. However, there are several challenges that need to be addressed to realize the true potential of ethnopharmacology in this country.

关键词： Medicinal plants Rainforest ethnomedicine Traditional knowledge Fiji Islands Drug discovery

Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Hygrophila auriculata (Schum.) Hiene： an overview

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 299-311页

作者： Neeraj K. Sethiya Nasir M. Ahmed Raeesh M. Shekh Vivek Kumar Pawan Kumar Singh Vipin Kumar National Innovation Foundation-India Amrapur Crambharti Mahudi Road Candhinagar 382 650 Gujarat India

This article explores the most recent evidence-based information on ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological understanding of Hygrophila auriculata for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Various ethnomedicinal writings suggest the use of the plant or its parts for the treatment of jaundice, oedema, gastrointestinal ailments, diarrhoea, dysentery, urinogenital disorder, gall stones, urinary calculi, kidney stone, leucorrhoea, rheumatism, tuberculosis, anaemia, body pain, constipation, skin disease, and as an aphrodisiac. The plant has been reported to contain flavonoids （apigenin, luteolin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and quercetin）, alkaloids （asteracanthine and asteracanthicine）, triterpenes （lupeol, lupenone, hentricontane and betulin）, sterols （stigmasterol and asterol）, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, aliphatic esters and essential oils. Extracts and bioactive compounds from the plant have been found to possess antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antitermite, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, central nervous system protective, antitumour, antidiabetic, anticataract, antioxidant, haematopoietic, diuretic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antimotility, aphrodisiac, neuroprotection, anti- endotoxin and anti-urolithiatic activities. For this paper, we reviewed patents, clinical studies, analytical studies and marketed formulations from the earliest found examples from 1887 to the end of 2017.

关键词： ethnomedicine Hygrophila auriculata Pharmacology Phytochemical

Anemone medicinal plants:ethnopharmacology,phytochemistry and biology

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2017年第2期7卷 146-158页

作者： Da-Cheng Hao Xiaojie Gu Peigen Xiao Biotechnology Institute School of Environment and Chemical EngineeringDalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China

The Ranunculaceae genus Anemone(order Ranunculales),comprising more than 150 species,mostly herbs,has long been used in folk medicine and worldwide ethnomedicine.Various medicinal compounds have been found in Anemone plants,especially triterpenoid saponins,some of which have shown anti-cancer activities.Some Anemone compounds and extracts display immunomodulatory,antiinflammatory,antioxidant,and antimicrobial activities.More than 50 species have ethnopharmacological uses,which provide clues for modern drug discovery.Anemone compounds exert anticancer and other bioactivities via multiple pathways.However,a comprehensive review of the Anemone medicinal resources is lacking.We here summarize the ethnomedical knowledge and recent progress on the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Anemone medicinal plants,as well as the emerging molecular mechanisms and functions of these medicinal compounds.The phylogenetic relationships of Anemone species were reconstructed based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast markers.The molecular phylogeny is largely congruent with the morphology-based classification.Commonly used medicinal herbs are distributed in each subgenus and section,and chemical and biological studies of more unexplored taxa are warranted.Gene expression profiling and relevant "omics" platforms could reveal differential effects of phytometabolites.Genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics should be highlighted in deciphering novel therapeutic mechanisms and utilities of Anemone phytometabolites.

关键词： Anemone ethnomedicine Chemodiversity Bioactivity Molecular mechanism Pharmacophylogeny

Ethnopharmacology,chemodiversity,and bioactivity of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2021年第5期19卷 321-338页

作者： HAO Da-Cheng HOU Xu-Dong GU Xiao-Jie XIAO Pei-Gen GE Guang-Bo Biotechnology Institute School of Environment and Chemical EngineeringDalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100193China

Cephalotaxus is the only genus of Cephalotaxaceae family,and its natural resources are declining due to habitat fragmentation,excessive exploitation and destruction.In many areas of China,folk herbal doctors traditionally use Cephalotaxus plants to treat innominate swollen poison,many of which are cancer.Not only among Han people,but also among minority ethnic groups,Cephalotaxus is used to treat various diseases,e.g.,cough,internal bleeding and cancer in Miao medicine,bruises,rheumatism and pain in Yao medicine,and ascariasis,hookworm disease,scrofula in She medicine,etc.Medicinal values of some Cephalotaxus species and compounds are acknowledged officially.However,there is a lack of comprehensive review summarizing the ethnomedicinal knowledge o f Cephalotaxus,relevant medicinal phytometabolites and their bioactivities.The research progresses in ethnopharmacology,chemodiversity,and bioactivities of Cephalotaxus medicinal plants are reviewed and commented here.Knowledge gaps are pinpointed and future research directions are suggested.Classic medicinal books,folk medicine books,herbal manuals and ethnomedicinal publications were reviewed for the genus Cephalotaxus(Sanjianshan in Chinese).The relevant data about ethnobotany,phytochemistry,and pharmacology were collected as comprehensively as possible from online databases including Scopus,NCBI PubMed,Bing Scholar,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).44 Cephalotaxus"',and the respective species name were used as keywords in database search.The obtained articles of the past six decades were collated and analyzed.Four Cephalotaxus species are listed in the official medicinal book in China.They are used as ethnomedicines by many ethnic groups such as Miao,Yao,Dong,She and Han.Inspirations are obtained from traditional applications,and Cephalotaxus phytometabolites are developed into anticancer reagents.Cephalotaxine-type alkaloids,homoerythrina-type alkaloids and homoharringtonine(HHT)are abundant in Cephalotaxus,e.g.,C.lanceolata,C.fortunei var.alpina,C.

关键词： Cephalotaxus ethnomedicine Chemodiversity Alkaloids Bioactivity Pharmacology

Evaluation of diuretic and laxative activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Desmostachya bipinnata(L.) Stapf in rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第4期12卷 372-378页

作者： Upendarrao Golla Praveen Kumar Gajam Solomon Sunder Bhimathati Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmacy Bharat Institute of Technology

OBJECTIVE： In continuation to the growing evidence for therapeutical potential of Desmostachya bipinnata （Linn） Stapf, the current pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate the diuretic and laxative activity of its hydro-alcoholic extract in rats. METHODS： The hydro-alcoholic extract of D. bipinnata whole plant was prepared by using Sox- hlet extractor and subjected to analysis by standard preliminary phytochemical tests. Evaluation of both diuretic and laxative activity was carried out using standard methods as reported earlier. Frusemide （20 mg/kg） was served as positive control for diuretic activity and sennosides （10 mg/kg） served as negative control for laxative activity. RESULTS： The hydro-alcoholic extract showed significant diuretic activity and was found to be the most potent in increasing the urinary output at 500 mg/kg when the effect was compared with that of the standard frusemide （P〈0.01）. Moreover, this extract was found to be most effective in increasing urinary electrolyte concentration （Na＋, K＋, and Cl-） at both doses tested. Whereas the results for laxative activity showed minimal increase of feces output at the dose of 500 mg/kg and the increase was negligible when compared with that of the standard drug sennosides. CONCLUSION： Altogether, the above significant findings validate and support its folkloric diuretic use and lend pharmacological credence to the ethno-medical use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, which demands further studies to investigate its active constituents, as well as its use and safety.

关键词： plant extracts bioassay diuretic laxative frusemide sennosides ethnomedicine rats

Sacred groves of India:repositories of a rich heritage and tools for biodiversity conservation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第3期32卷 899-916页

作者： Sakshi Sharma Rajesh Kumar Department of Botany DAV CollegeAmritsarPunjab 143001India DAV College AmritsarPunjab 143001India

Sacred groves preserve a rich religious and socio-cultural heritage of Indian biodiversity from primeval times,due to their values.They act as a bridge between man and nature.Groves help to improve soil quality,replenish water resources and are pivotal for biodiversity conservation of plants and animals including rare,endemic,threatened,vulnerable species and ethnobotanical species.Most of India's sacred groves are associated with a deity or a spiritual being,who protects the grove and local people.Vegetation cover of these groves has traditional ethnobotanical value,especially in the field of ethnomedicine,which accounts for the conservation of groves over the years.Numerous plant species from sacred groves are used according to tradition and culture to prevent or cure various health problems.However,modernisation,industrialisation,increased encroachment and misuse of forest resources increasingly threaten sacred groves.These treasures of nature must be conserved by formulating and applying new laws and policies while creating awareness among people about the value of sacred groves.Toward this aim,we review the distribution,ecological and socio-cultural significance of sacred groves of India and strategies to conserve them.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Endemic Ethnobotany ethnomedicine

The Genus Terminalia(Combretaceae):An Ethnopharmacological,Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2019年第6期9卷 357-392页

作者： Xiao-Rui Zhang Joseph Sakah Kaunda Hong-Tao Zhu Dong Wang Chong-Ren Yang Ying-Jun Zhang State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China.Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China

Terminalia Linn,a genus of mostly medium or large trees in the family Combretaceae with about 250 species in the world,is distributed mainly in southern Asia,Himalayas,Madagascar,Australia,and the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa.Many species are used widely in many traditional medicinal systems,e.g.,traditional Chinese medicine,Tibetan medicine,and Indian Ayurvedic medicine practices.So far,about 39 species have been phytochemically studied,which led to the identification of 368 compounds,including terpenoids,tannins,flavonoids,phenylpropanoids,simple phenolics and so on.Some of the isolates showed various bioactivities,in vitro or in vivo,such as antitumor,anti HIV-1,antifungal,antimicrobial,antimalarial,antioxidant,diarrhea and analgesic.This review covers research articles from 1934 to 2018,retrieved from SciFinder,Wikipedia,Google Scholar,Chinese Knowledge Network and Baidu Scholar by using“Terminalia”as the search term(“all fields”)with no specific time frame setting for the search.Thirty-nine important medicinal and edible Terminalia species were selected and summarized on their geographical distribution,traditional uses,phytochemistry and related pharmacological activities.

关键词： Terminalia Combretaceae ethnomedicine Traditional uses Phytochemistry Hydrolyzable tannins Pharmacology