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Effect of plant extracts on activity of some defense enzymes of apple fruit in interaction with Botrytis cinerea

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 115-123页

作者： Jalal Gholamnezhad Department of Horticultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture & Natural ResourcesArdakan University

The efficacy of seven plant extracts(neem,fennel,lavender,thyme,pennyroyal,salvia and asafetida) in controlling postharvest of apple(caused by Botrytis cinerea) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.In vitro,all plant extracts treatments inhibited spore germination.Inhibitory rates of pore germination was 17.41 and 20.83% for neem extract treatment(methanolic and aqueous extracts,respectively) with significant difference compared to control(73.6 and 85.33%) for aqueous and methanol extracts.In the storage conditions,the application of aqueous extract of neem(at concentration of 25%) resulted in 89.11% reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control.Results of enzymes activity showed the plant extracts can increase the activity of peroxidase,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,β-1,3-glucanase and polyphenol oxidase in the presence of pathogens,in apple fruits.However,the results of this research revealed that application of neem extracts was more effective than the application of other plant extracts.According to this study,it could be concluded that plant extracts may be useful to control postharvest disease as a safe alternative option to chemical fungicides.

关键词： Botrytis cinerea defense enzymes plant extracts spore germination

Toxicity of Tagetes erecta Essential Oil Based Combinatorial Formulations on Various Metabolic enzymes in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2023年第2期11卷 58-81页

作者： Susheel Kumar Ravi Kant Upadhyay Department of Zoology (Environmental Science) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Uttar Pradesh India

Plant essential oils and their constituents have proven to be very effective against insects, especially termites. They are the best alternative to synthetic pesticides that are harmless to the environment and human health. In the present study, different enzymes, namely alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase, were evaluated in Indian termite Odontotermes obesus in a combination preparation based on Tagetes erecta essential oil. For the study of anti-termite effects against worker termites were treated topically with 40% and 80% of the 24-hour LD50 values of various combination formulations. Subsequent bioassays at 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial preparations S-AST-A, S-AST-B, and S-AST-C resulted in a significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. After 16 hours of treatment, they were 87.92%, 80.17%, 89.30%, 79.17%, 81.92% and 73.17% respectively. In vivo exposures of 40% and 80% of the LD50 of the combination formulation caused a highly significant (p > 0.05) reduction (p > 0.05) of all test enzymes tested compared to controls. The effects of different oil formulations exhibited time- and dose-dependent responses, resulting in physiological changes in the concentrations of various enzymes. The combined mixture of Tagetes erecta essential oils has significantly better anti-termite ability compared to inorganic insecticides. Findings from this study will help support termite control in fields, gardens and homes in a sustainable way, without the downsides of insecticide resistance and pollution. These could potentially be used to produce commercial formulations for use against pests.

关键词： Tagetes erecta Essential Oils Odontotermes obesus enzymes Inhibition Termiticidal Action

Toxic Effects of Citrus maxima Based Combinatorial Formulations on Important Metabolic enzymes in Indian White Termite Odontotermes obesus

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Advances in Enzyme Research 2023年第2期11卷 11-33页

作者： Lokpriy Pandey Ravi Kant Upadhyay Department of Zoology (Environmental Science) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur India

In the present study, Citrus maxima essential crude oil extract was used to prepare combinatorial formulations and workers of Indian white termite Odontotermes obesus were treated topically with 40% and 80% of 24 hr LD50 values of these formulations. In subsequent bioassays levels of various enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and acetylcholinesterase were evaluated to determine the anti-termite efficacy of Citrus maxima essential oil based combinatorial formulations. S-RET-A, S-RET-B and S-RET-C caused significant (p > 0.05) decrease in glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase i.e. 87.47%, 86.81% and 81.77% & 82.04%, 79.39% and 74.75% respectively at 16 h treatment. In vivo exposure of 40% and 80% of LD50 of combinatorial formulations caused very significant (p > 0.05) reduction in all the test enzymes i.e. alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase expect acetylcholinesterase levels after 16 h all tested treatments in comparison to control. Both dose-response and time period were found important in physiological alteration in levels of various enzymes. Combinatorial mixtures of Citrus essential oils have shown synergistic activity against termites. The research findings of the present study would help termite control in crop fields, gardens and houses in a sustainable way.

关键词： Citrus maxima Essential Oils Odontotermes obesus enzymes Inhibition Termiticidal Action

Investigation and Benefits of the Use of enzymes for Unbleached Kraft Recycling Wet Strength Paper at Lab and Industrial Scale

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2023年第4期13卷 83-95页

作者： Audrey Bajul-Baradon Terence Nguema-Nkili Anais Sanfaute Gilles Bajul CELODEV SAS 9 rue des Verriats51500 CHAMPFLEURYFrance

The deterioration of recycled fibers especially unbleached kraft with high wet strength resin content due to the irreversible structural changes caused by drying and added chemicals makes the raw material difficult to repulp.The mechanical effect in the pulper over time with chemical treatment has a negative impact on the recycled fibers.At lab scale,different compositions of enzymatic treatment C022L were under investigation to select the most efficient laccase Lacc1,Lacc2 or Lacc3 and to observe the impact of lipases during repulping at low and high consistencies.Pulp disintegration at different times was evaluated to define the level of rejects and to analyze the morphology of fibers after treatments.These results were more significant for Lacc2,by increasing the pulp consistency to 15%in the pulper.Combining lipases with CELODASE 022L appeared to decrease the efficiency of enzymes.The results showed a high reduction of energy power with the enzymatic treatment and a significant reduction of fines level in fibers’suspension.The most efficient version of C022L was used at industrial scale to compare directly with the standard conditions used in a paper mill.

关键词： Energy enzymes recycling unbleached kraft paper wet strength resin.

Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第12期16卷 133-154页

作者： Shilpa Nitai Basak Sumer Singh Meena Department of Biotechnology Dr.B.R.Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharPunjab144027India

The abundance of synthetic polymers has increased due to their uncontrolled utilization and disposal in the environment.The recalcitrant nature of plastics leads to accumulation and saturation in the environment,which is a matter of great concern.An exponential rise has been reported in plastic pollution during the corona pandemic because of PPE kits,gloves,and face masks made up of single-use plastics.The physicochemical methods have been employed to degrade synthetic polymers,but these methods have limited efficiency and cause the release of hazardous metabolites or by-products in the environment.Microbial species,isolated from landfills and dumpsites,have utilized plastics as the sole source of carbon,energy,and biomass production.The involvement of microbial strains in plastic degradation is evident as a substantial amount of mineralization has been observed.However,the complete removal of plastic could not be achieved,but it is still effective compared to the preexisting traditional methods.Therefore,microbial species and the enzymes involved in plastic waste degradation could be utilized as eco-friendly alternatives.Thus,microbial biodegradation approaches have a profound scope to cope with the plastic waste problem in a cost-effective and environmental-friendly manner.Further,microbial degradation can be optimized and combined with physicochemical methods to achieve substantial results.This review summarizes the different microbial species,their genes,biochemical pathways,and enzymes involved in plastic biodegradation.

关键词： Plastic-waste Polymers Health-hazards Biodegradation Microorganisms enzymes

Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes performances and DNA damage induced by bisphenol A and diisobutylphthalate in Hyperiodrilus africanus-earthworms

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： Olanrewaju Olujimi Rhoda Ayoola Oluwafunmilayo Olayinka Oluwatosin Dosumu Solomon Rotimi Adeyinka Aladesida Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Covenant UniversityOtaOgun StateNigeria Department of Pure and Applied Zoology Federal University of AgriculturePMB 2240AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria

Background:Bisphenol A(BPA)and diisobuthylphthalate(DIBP)have found wide applications as plasticizers;however,they are covalently bonded to materials and are subsequently leached into the environment.Methods:This study evaluated the effects of BPA,DIBP and mixtures of BPA and DIBP on the antioxidant enzymes[superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)]activities using standard methods and DNA profile of earthworm(Hyperiodrilus africanus)using randomly amplified polymerase chain reaction(RAPD-PCR)method.A total of 2 kg soil samples collected from FADAMA Farm,Federal University of Agriculture,Abeokuta were spiked to obtain 1,2.5,5 and 10 ppm of BPA,DIBP and mixtures of BPA and DIBP.Earthworms were exposed to the unpolluted and spiked soil samples and were collected on the 7th and 14th day for SOD,POD and DNA analysis.Results:SOD activity was more pronounced at 5 and 10 ppm concentrations.POD activity was increased in all concentrations,including the control,meanwhile POD activity induced by BPA and DIBP was significantly higher(p<0.05)at 10 ppm compared to other concentrations.RAPD-PCR analysis revealed varying DNA fragment lengths due to excessive oxidative stress generated by the treatments,resulting in DNA damage.BPA and DIBP mixtures generated more fragments of DNA on day 14 than other treatments.Conclusions:This study established that antioxidant activity decreases with exposure time to BPA and DIBP,while DNA damage increases with exposure time.

关键词： BPA DIBP Antioxidants enzymes Earthworms

Molecular approaches for spinal cord injury treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 23-30页

作者： Fernanda Martins de Almeida Suelen Adriani Marques Anne Caroline Rodrigues dos Santos Caio Andrade Prins Fellipe Soares dos Santos Cardoso Luiza dos Santos Heringer Henrique Rocha Mendonça Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina:Anatomia PatológicaDepartamento de PatologiaFaculdade de MedicinaHospital Universitário Clementino Fraga FilhoCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Centro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Biologia Departamento de NeurobiologiaLaboratório de Regeneração Neural e FunçãoUFFRio de JaneiroBrazil Laboratório Integrado de Morfologia Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade NUPEMPrograma de Pós-graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas-SBFisCentro Multidisciplinar UFRJ-MacaéUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroMacaéBrazil

Injuries to the spinal cord result in permanent disabilities that limit daily life activities.The main reasons for these poor outcomes are the limited regenerative capacity of central neurons and the inhibitory milieu that is established upon traumatic injuries.Despite decades of research,there is still no efficient treatment for spinal cord injury.Many strategies are tested in preclinical studies that focus on ameliorating the functional outcomes after spinal cord injury.Among these,molecular compounds are currently being used for neurological recovery,with promising results.These molecules target the axon collapsed growth cone,the inhibitory microenvironment,the survival of neurons and glial cells,and the re-establishment of lost connections.In this review we focused on molecules that are being used,either in preclinical or clinical studies,to treat spinal cord injuries,such as drugs,growth and neurotrophic factors,enzymes,and purines.The mechanisms of action of these molecules are discussed,considering traumatic spinal cord injury in rodents and humans.

关键词： axonal regeneration drugs enzymes growth factors molecular therapy neurotrophic factors purines spinal cord injury

Current advances in design and engineering strategies of industrial enzymes

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第1期1卷 15-23页

作者： Tanatarov Dinmukhamed Ziyang Huang Yanfeng Liu Xueqin Lv Jianghua Li Guocheng Du Long Liu Science Center for Future Foods Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of EducationJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

enzymes are considered as functional proteins,also known as biocatalysts,which are required for normal cellular function.The commercial production of enzymes with distinct features always remains the top priority of researchers for industrial biocatalysis.However,the insufficient yield,low stability,low activity,formation of by-products,complex purification pro-cess,and many other factors are challenging for the enzyme production industry.Novel advancements in protein engineering,especially the combination of multidisciplinary techniques including post-translational enzyme modification,structured assisted protein tailoring and computational modeling approaches,open a new horizon to more efficient production of bio-catalysts.In this review,we focus on the development process of enzyme modification design strategies,such as rational design,semi-rational design and de novo design.Selected examples for each strategy,which are particularly useful for novel enzyme design,are given.We hope this review is helpful for the development of biocatalysts for industrial application.

关键词： enzymes Protein engineering Design strategies De novo design

Assessment of phytotoxic, genotoxic and enzyme inhibition potential of Sterculia diversifolia

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第4期42卷 595-603页

作者： Fazle Rabbi Amir Zada Amna Nisar Department of Pharmacy University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan.fazle.rabbi@abasyn.edu.pk Telephone:+92-0314-9244566

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves for phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzymes inhibition potential.METHODS:Phytotoxic activity of both stem bark and leaves were screened using Lemna minor.The genotoxic activity of Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves extracts were tested using comet assay protocol while enzyme inhibition activity of crude extract and various fractions of both stem bark and leaves were evaluated using acetyl cholinesterase,lipoxygenase,β-glucuronidase,urease,xanthine oxidase and carbonic anhydrase.RESULTS:Phytotoxic activity showed significant results in dose dependant manner in both stem bark(ethyl acetate and n-butanol)and leaves(ethyl acetate,nbutanol and n-hexane)fractions.In genotoxic activity,dichloromethane fraction showed significant activity followed by ethyl acetate fraction.Acetyl cholinesterease inhibitory activity showed significant results in both stem bark and leaves fractions,while significant lipoxygenase inhibition was shown by ethyl acetate,dichloromethane,crude extract and n-hexane fractions of both stem bark and leaves.β-glucuronidase,urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity showed highly significant results in ethyl acetate fraction of both stem bark and leaves,while xanthine oxidase inhibition was shown by dichloromethane fraction of stem bark and leaves extracts.CONCLUSIONS:This study emphasizes the important phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzyme inhibition effects of Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves.Hence,it is clear that Sterculia diversifolia stem bark and leaves possess phytotoxic,genotoxic and enzyme inhibitory agents.

关键词： Sterculia plant extracts phytotoxic mutagenicity tests enzymes