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Dimensional Stability Properties of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) from Treated Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) empty fruit bunches (EFB) Fibres

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2016年第4期6卷 91-99页

作者： Zawawi Ibrahim Mansur Ahmad Astimar Abdul Aziz Ridzuan Ramli Mohd Ariff Jamaludin Suhaimi Muhammed Aisyah Humaira Alias Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Biomass Technology Centre Engineering and Processing Division Jalan Sekolah Pekan Bangi Lama Kajang Malaysia Faculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam Malaysia Department of Bio-Composite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pre-treatments by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid on oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres for the production of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF). The EFB fibres were treated with chemicals in the concentration range of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% prior to refining. Single-homogenous layer MDF with 12 mm thickness and density of 720 kg/m3 was produced. Urea-Formaldehyde (UF) was applied at 10% loading (based on dry weight of dry fibres) as a binder. The physical properties (Water Absorption (WA) and Thickness Swelling (TS)) of the produced panels were tested according to European Standard, EN 622-5:2006. The results show that types of chemical used had greater effects than concentration on the dimensional stability of the MDF. EFB fibres treated with acetic acid produced MDF with better dimensional stability compared to the MDF NaOH treated fibres. High concentration of NaOH produced poor dimensional stability in the panels.

关键词： empty fruit bunch Sodium Hydroxide Acetic Acid Dimensional Stability Thickness Swelling Water Absorption

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Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第11期20卷 101-107页

作者： Mooktzeng LIM Ahmad Zulazlan Shah ZULKIFLI TNB Research Sdn.Bhd. Research Institution Area43000 KajangSelangorMalaysi

The effects of non-thermal plasma （NTP） treatment on biomass in the form of pulverized palmbased empty fruit bunches （EFB） are investigated. Specifically, this study investigates the effects of NTP treatment on the surface reactivity, morphology, oxygen-to-carbon （O/C） ratio of the EFB at varying treatment times. The surface reactivity is determined by the reaction of antioxidant functional groups or reactive species with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）. By measuring the concentration of the DPPH with a spectrophotometer, the change in the amount of antioxidant functional groups can be measured to determine the surface reactivity. The reactions of the various lignin components in the EFB with respect to the NTP treatment are discussed by qualitatively assessing the changes in the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra. The surface morphology is examined by a scanning electron microscope. To determine the amount of oxygen deposited on the EFB by the air-based NTP treatment, the oxygen and carbon contents are measured by an energy dispersive x-ray detector to determine the O/C ratio. The results show that the NTP reactor produced reactive species such as atomic oxygen and ozone, increasing the surface reactivity and chemical scavenging rate of the EFB. Consequently, the surface morphology changed, with an observed rougher surface from the images of the EFB samples. The change in the appearance of the surface is accompanied by a high O/C ratio, and is caused by reactions of certain components of lignin due to the NTP treatment, The lignin component that was modified is believed to be syringyl, as the syringyl portion in the lignin of EFBs is higher compared to the other components. Syringyl components are detected in the range of F-FIR wavenumbers of 1109-1363 cm-1. With increasing NTP treatment times, the absorbance （of the peaks in the PTIR spectra） for syringyl related C-H and lignin associated C=C bonds decreases as the syringyl decomposes. The resulting re

关键词： biomass surface modification empty fruit bunch low temperature plasma lignin components syringyl

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Microwave physicochemical activation:an advanced approach to produce activated biochar for palm oil mill effluent treatment

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2022年第4期4卷 323-333页

作者： Kew Kiong Kong Peter Nai Yuh Yek How Sing Sii Man Djun Lee Rock Keey Liew Su Shiung Lam Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development University of Technology Sarawak96000SibuSarawakMalaysia Department of Mechanical Engineering Curtin University98009MiriSarawakMalaysia NV WESTERN PLT No.208BSecond FloorMacalister Road10400GeorgetownPenangMalaysia Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries(AKUATROP)Universiti Malaysia TerengganuKuala Nerus21030TerengganuMalaysia Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand248007India

empty fruit bunch(EFB)is an industrial waste that is abundantly available in ***,EFBs were burned and dumped on the plantation site,resulting in global warming pollution from methane and carbon *** this study,the EFB was transformed into a high-surface area of activated biochar through a microwave physicochemical approach involving the combination of steam followed by a hydroxide mixture for palm oil mill effluent(POME)*** was found that BET(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)surface area and total pore volume of activated biochar were 365.60 m^(2)/g and 0.16 cm^(3)/g,*** surface morphology of activated biochar revealed the formation of well-developed pores that can potentially be used as adsorbents to treat *** removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD)and chemical oxygen demand(COD)of POME achieved 75%-55%,*** study offers insight into the transformation of industrial waste into value-added products for sustainable environmental remediation.

关键词： empty fruit bunch Microwave Physicochemical Activated biochar Palm oil mill effluent

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Oil Palm Fiber Hybrid Composites: A Recent Review

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第10期12卷 1661-1689页

作者： H.A.Aisyah E.Hishamuddin A.W.Noorshamsiana Z.Ibrahim R.A.Ilyas Biomass Technology Unit Engineering and Processing DivisionMalaysian Palm Oil Board(MPOB)6Persiaran InstitusiBandar Baru BangiKajangSelangor43000Malaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor81310Malaysia

Composite materials from oil palmfiber enhance sustainability by utilizing renewable resources,reducing depen-dence on non-renewable materials,and lessening environmental *** their mechanical and dimen-sional stability limitations,oil palmfiber-based polymer composites offer significant advantages,such as natural abundance,potential weight reduction,and cost-effectiveness due to local availability and *** growing interest in oil palm hybrid composites,made from blending differentfibers,is due to their custo-mizable mechanical and physical *** is one of the most effective methods to reinforce and improve the performance of oil palm-derived composite *** review investigates the structural qualities of hybrid composites made from oil palmfibers,their suitability for diverse applications,and recent advancements in *** focusing on the availability,properties,applications,challenges,and future direc-tions of oil palmfiber hybrid composites,this review highlights the potential of these materials to enhance mechanical and functional properties,thereby contributing to sustainable development and innovation in com-posite materials.

关键词： Oil palmfiber empty fruit bunch mesocarpfiber hybrid composite

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