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Design and optimization of a gate-controlled dual direction electro-static discharge device for an industry-level fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022年第1期23卷 158-170页

作者： Yang WANG Xiangliang JIN Jian YANG Feng YAN Yujie LIU Yan PENG Jun LUO Jun YANG School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081 China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai200444 China Faculty of Engineering Western UniversityLondonONN6A 3K7Canada

The input/output(I/O)pins of an industry-level fluorescent optical fiber temperature sensor readout circuit need on-chip integrated high-performance electro-static discharge(ESD)protection *** is difficult for the failure level of basic N-type buried layer gate-controlled silicon controlled rectifier(NBL-GCSCR)manufactured by the 0.18µm standard bipolar-CMOS-DMOS(BCD)process to meet this ***,we propose an on-chip integrated novel deep N-well gate-controlled SCR(DNW-GCSCR)with a high failure level to effectively solve the problems based on the same semiconductor *** computer-aided design(TCAD)simulation is used to analyze the device *** are tested by transmission line pulses(TLP)to obtain accurate ESD *** holding voltage(24.03 V)of NBL-GCSCR with the longitudinal bipolar junction transistor(BJT)path is significantly higher than the holding voltage(5.15 V)of DNW-GCSCR with the lateral SCR path of the same ***,the failure current of the NBL-GCSCR device is 1.71 A,and the failure current of the DNW-GCSCR device is 20.99 *** the gate size of DNW-GCSCR is increased from 2µm to 6µm,the holding voltage is increased from 3.50 V to 8.38 *** optimized DNW-GCSCR(6µm)can be stably applied on target readout circuits for on-chip electrostatic discharge protection.

关键词： electric breakdown Semiconductor device reliability CMOS technology

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Electromagnetic-Wave Mechanism of Formation and Propagation of Astrophysical Vortex Jets Generated in the Jumper of a Spiral Galaxy

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第1期9卷 216-233页

作者： Alexander Oreshko Laboratory of Physical Problems Moscow Aviation Institute (National Aerospace Research University) Moscow Russia

An explanation of the mechanism of generation and acceleration of jets in outer space is given on the basis of experiments in the physics of electrical discharge. The presence of two arms in the spiral Galaxy gives grounds to assume that they have excess charges of the opposite sign. At the moment when the electric field strength between the tips of the arms becomes sufficient, an electrical breakdown occurs, which is accompanied by the movement of the current-plasma leader in the jumper between the tips of the arms. In the head part of the leader there is a flat electric domain of a strong field, which, during its inception, emits intense transverse electromagnetic waves in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the leader’s motion and to the plane of the accretion disk. The electric domain periodically appears and collapses due to the entry of neutral particles. Transverse electromagnetic waves capture charged particles from the discharge region and accelerate them in the direction of wave propagation. The crossed fields of an electromagnetic wave perform the functions of a multistage accelerator. The acceleration of the particles of the plasma produced in the discharge to relativistic energy values in the region of narrow vortex jets occurs under the action of forces caused by the components of the electromagnetic wave fields and the pressure gradient. The charged particles of a vortex jet acquire a significant rotational moment under the action of the Lorentz force. Explanations of the generation of microwave, bremsstrahlung and optical radiation from the region of the jumper between the arms of the Galaxy in the absence of electrical breakdown are also given.

关键词： Galaxy Accretion Disc Jumper Jet electric breakdown electric Domain

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electrical breakdown of an acrylic dielectric elastomer: effects of hemispherical probing electrode’s size and force

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第4期6卷 290-303页

作者： Bin Chen Matthias Kollosche Mark Stewart James Busfield Federico Carpi School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Materials Division National Physical LaboratoryTeddingtonUK Institute of Physics and Astronomy University of PotsdamPotsdamGermany

Dielectric elastomers are widely investigated as soft electromechanically active polymers(EAPs)for actuators,stretch/force sensors,and mechanical energy harvesters to generate *** the performance of such devices is limited by the dielectric strength of the constitutive material,the electrical breakdown of soft elastomers for electromechanical transduction is still scarcely ***,we describe a custom-made setup to measure electrical breakdown of soft EAPs,and we present data for a widely studied acrylic elastomer(VHB 4905 from 3M).The elastomer was electrically stimulated via a planar and a hemispherical metal *** breakdown was characterized under different conditions to investigate the effects of the radius of curvature and applied force of the hemispherical *** a given radius of curvature,the breakdown field increased by about 50% for a nearly 10-fold increase of the applied mechanical stress,while with a given mechanical stress the breakdown field increased by about 20% for an approximately two fold increase of the radius of *** results indicate that the breakdown field is highly dependent on the boundary conditions,suggesting the need for reporting breakdown data always in close association with the measurement *** findings might help future investigations in elucidating the ultimate breakdown mechanism/s of soft elastomers.

关键词： actuator EAP electromechanically active polymer dielectric elastomer dielectric strength electric breakdown hemispherical electrode curvature force

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NONLINEAR electricAL breakdown-OF POLYMER DIelectric MATERIALS UNDER MICROWAVE CONDITIONS

NONLINEAR ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN-OF POLYMER DIELECTRIC MATERIA...

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1998 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology

作者： Zhang Kaixi Department of Physics Hebei University

ISBN: (纸本)0780343085

＜正＞In this paper,using nonlinear Schrodinger equation and Continuum Approximation Method,the basic equations defining the motion of an electron in polymer molecular chain excited by microwave radiation have been *** solutions of the equations and the energy of the polymer system have been *** result shows that the interaction of an electron with chain deformation stabilizes its motion （quasi-superconducting state）.For polyisobutene radiated by microwave in constant intensity,calculation is in agreement with experimental measurement for nonlinear breakdown *** would be important to seek the cause of a decrease in the breakdown voltage for polymer materials under radiation conditions.

关键词： polymers dielectric materials organic insulating materials Schrodinger equation electric breakdown radiation effects nonlinear electrical breakdown polymer dielectric materials microwave conditions nonlinear Schrodinger equation continuum approximation method electron motion polymer molecular chain microwave radiation excitation chain deformation quasi-superconducting state polyisobutene nonlinear breakdown voltage

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Characterization of electric Field Pulses Produced by Cloud and Ground Lightning Discharges

Characterization of Electric Field Pulses Produced by Cloud ...

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2007 4th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility(EMC’2007)

作者： Amitabh Nag Vladimir A.Rakov Department of electrical and Computer Engineering University of FloridaP.O.Box 116130GainesvilleFL 32611-6130USA

We examined microsecondand submicrosecond-scale pulses in electric field records of cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning discharges acquired in summer 2006,in Gainesville,Florida.A total of 12 cloud and 12 ground flashes were analyzed in detail,with the electric field record length being 96 or 200 ms and sampling interval being 4 or 10 *** majority of pulses in both cloud and ground discharges analyzed in this study were associated with the initial breakdown process and were relatively small in amplitude and *** typical durations were an order of magnitude smaller than tens of microseconds characteristic of "classical" preliminary breakdown *** estimated that 26% of the pulses in the 12 cloud discharges and 22% of the pulses in the 12 cloud-to-ground discharges had total durations less that 1 μs.

关键词： Clouds Lightning electric breakdown Sampling methods Instruments Pulse amplifiers USA Councils Wideband Antenna measurements electric variables measurement

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