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Organic Matter Decomposition in Red Soil as Affected by earthworms

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Pedosphere 2000年第2期10卷 143-148页

作者： HUFENG HEYUANQIU CollegeofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalScience NanjingAgriculturalUniversityNanjing210095China InstituteofSoilScience theChineseAcademyofSciencesP.O.Box821Nanjing210008China

The earthworms Pheretima carnosaf Drawida gisti and Eisenia foetida were studied to compare theircontributions to the decomposition of various organic materials surface-applied on red soil in a 165-daygreenhouse experiment. The native species Pheretima caruosa and Drawida gisti were equally effective inaccelerating the decomposition of maize residue, according to fresh body weight, while commercial speciesEisenia foetida had no significant influence on dry mass loss of maize residue. Liming with CaCO3 or CaOshowed little effect on maize residue breakdown involved by Pheretima carnosal but it inhibited this processinvolved by Drawida gisti. The capability of Pheretima carnosa to the decomposition of five kinds of organicmaterials was thoroughly examined. The dry mass losses in worm treatments were in the order of soybeanresidue > maize residue > pig manure > semi-decayed maize > ryegrass. However, the relative contributionsof the earthworm to dry mass loss were in the order of pig manure (89.8%) > semi-decayed maize residue(49.1%) > maize residue (29.4%) > soybean residue (20.9%) > ryegrass residue (16.5%). Pheretima carnosaconsumed 20~120 mg dry weight of organic material per gram fresh weight of biomass per day.

关键词： decomposition earthworm liming organic matter

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非常魔典

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2024年第4期 46-47页

春天到了,Mrearthworm又投入了新一年的劳动。和他一起感受浓浓春意,一起回顾本期重点单词。

关键词： earthworm 单词春意

Effects of Cu Contamination on GSH- Px( Glutathione Peroxidase) Activity of earthworms( Eisenia fetida ) in Soils

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2015年第5期4卷 42-44页

作者： Yingsen HE Xiaoyan XU Bing HE College of Chemistry and Life Science Chengdu Normal University

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of Cu contamination in soils on GSH-Px （ glutathione peroxidase） activity of earthworms （ Eisenia fetida）. [ Method ] By artificial soil contamination method, changes in GSH-Px activity of earthworms under different Cu concentrations were investigated [ Result ] In the early exposure period, low-concentration Cu stress activated GSH-Px activity of earthworms to a certain extent; with the extension of extxqsure time and increase of Cu concentration, GSH-Px activity of earthworms showed a decreasing trend; however, under high-concentration Cu stress, there was no remarkable reg- ularity in the reduction of GSH-Px activity of earthworms. [ Conclusion] This study laid a solid foundation for further revealing the synergistic mechanism of antioxidant enzymes of earthworms.

关键词： earthworm GSH-Px Copper Enzyme activity

Cooperation or conflict: straw residue matters for wheat N uptake between earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Cooperation or conflict: straw residue matters for wheat N u...

Eco-toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil

中国农学会耕作制度分会2018年度学术年会

作者：杨海水 Jiajia Zhou Jinxia Feng Shengming An Yifan Li Chaofan Xu Weiping Chen Jian Liu College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing Agricultural University

[Aims] Belowground biota interactions foster some major soil processes, which can cascade to affect aboveground consequences in natural ecosystems. However, how earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) interact with each other to influence plant nutrient uptake is not well-known under straw amendment in agroecosystems. [Methods] We conducted a micro-plot experiment on an 8-year residue management field trial to confirm the impacts of earthworm activity on AMF community and whether earthworm and AMF can cooperate to facilitate N uptake by wheat plants. [Results] Our results showed that AMF community composition was significantly altered by straw amendment and its interaction with earthworms, but not for earthworm independently. At straw removal(CK), earthworms increased AMF species richness, root colonization rate, total glomalin content and mycorrhiza-mediated N uptake in shoot and root. At rotary tillage straw return(RTSR), although earthworms increased AMF species richness, Shannon diversity index and total glomalin content, N uptake-mediated by AMF was significantly decreased in grain, shoot and root, respectively. A similar pattern was found under ditch-buried straw return(DBSR), but the extent of reduction was less for mycorrhiza-mediated N than RTSR. earthworms did not affect AMF biomass in the soil under different straw amendment;however, straw amendment significantly increased earthworm biomass, especially under RT-SR conditions. [Conclusion] This study suggested that straw amendment promoted earthworm growth, which might disrupt but not consume AMF hyphal networks and thus blocked N transfer through mycorrhiza-pathway to wheat plants. However, earthworm and AMF might cooperatively facilitate N uptake by wheat plants with straw removal, which may maintain low earthworm disturbance.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi earthworm crop residue incorporation wheat N uptake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第5期23卷 845-851页

作者： Jingchun Tang Min Wang Fei Wang Qing Sun Qixing Zhou College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University/Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Ministry of Education Tianjin 300071 China. E-mail: tangjch@***

Total petroleum hydrocarbons （TPH） contaminated soil samples were collected from Shengli Oilfield of China. Toxicity analysis was carried out based on earthworm acute toxicity, plant growth experiment and luminescent bacteria test. The soil was contaminated by- petroleum hydrogcarbons with TPH concentration of 10.57%. With lethal and sub-lethal rate as endpoint, earthworm test showed that the LD50 （lethal dose 50%） values in 4 and 7 days were 1.45% and 1.37% respectively, and the inhibition rate of earthworm body weight increased with higher oil concentration. TPH pollution in the soil inhibited seed germination in both wheat and maize experiment when the concentration of petroleum was higher than 0.1%. The EC50 （effective concentration 50%） for germination is 3.04% and 2.86% in maize and wheat, respectively. While lower value of EC50 for root elongation was to be 1.11% and 1.64% in maize and wheat, respectively, suggesting higher sensitivity of root elongation on petroleum contamination in the soil. The EC50 value in luminescent bacteria test was 0.47% for petroleum in the contaminated soil. From the experiment result, it was concluded that TPH content of 1.5% is considered to be a critical value for plant growth and living of earthworm and 0.5% will affect the activity of luminescent bacteria.

关键词： toxicity total petroleum hydrocarbon soil earthworm contamination

Study of cadmium(Cd)-induced oxidative stress in Eisenia fetida based on mathematical modelling

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 460-470页

作者： Yucui NING Haoran ZHOU Enze WANG Congmin JIN Ying YU Xu CAO Dongxing ZHOU College of Resources and Environmental Science Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Department of Grain Engineering Heilongjiang Communications PolytechnicQiqihar 161002China Institute of Microbiology Heilongjiang Academy of SciencesHarbin 150030China

As a sensitive biological indicator,earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants of soil and provide an early warning for soil ***,because many indices are involved in the exposure-induced oxidative stress response,practical applications of these indices are quite ***,it is appropriate to investigate the key monitoring index for use in early warning and pollution *** Eisenia fetida as an experimental model in an indoor simulation experiment,the mathematical modelling of the effect on oxidative stress in earthworms under cadmium(Cd)stress was *** test lasted 40 d,with the removal of one earthworm every 10 *** Cd2+concentration gradient was set as 0,1,10,20,100,200,400,and 800 mg kg^(-1) dry *** earthworms were divided into two sections from the clitellum for the determination of total protein(TP)and peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione-S-transferase(GST),glutathione peroxidase(GPX),catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA),and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)*** showed that POD was the key index of oxidative stress in head tissues after 10 d of exposure,TP was the key index at 20 d,and POD became the key index again at 30 and 40 *** contrast,in tail tissues,MDA and SOD were the key indices at an exposure time of 10 d,GPX at 20 d,CAT and TP at 30 d,and POD and MDA at 40 *** results contribute to establishing a scientific method for ecotoxicological diagnosis and revealing the mechanism of soil Cd toxicity.

关键词： biological indicator biomarker earthworm factor analysis heavy metal pollution monitoring natural soil soil pollutant TOPSIS

Biological weathering of phlogopite during enriched vermicomposting

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 440-451页

作者： Fariba JAFARI Hossein KHADEMI Vajihe SHAHROKH Angel FAZ CANO Jose A.ACOSTA Farhad KHORMALI Department of Soil Science College of AgricultureIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran Sustainable Use Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research GroupUniversidad Politécnica de CartagenaPaseo Alfonso ⅩⅢ48CartagenaMurcia 30203Spain Department of Soil Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural ResourcesGorgan 49189-43464Iran

As the dominant macrofauna in many soils,earthworms play a significant role in mineral weathering and nutrient release from mineral structures into available forms for root *** is a trioctahedral micaceous mineral that can be weathered to other minerals through release of its interlayer potassium(K).In this study,we investigated the effect of earthworm activities and associated microbial communities on phlogopite weathering during the production of phlogopite-enriched vermicompost with different quantities of phlogopite *** experiment was run under laboratory conditions using three levels of phlogopite(0,20%and 40%by weight)in *** Petri dish contained 20 g of a mixture of cow manure and phlogopite,and vermicomposting process was performed by inoculation of eight Eisenia foetida *** in clay mineralogy and C/N ratio in each dish were assessed at days 0,45,90,135,and 180 during *** results indicated that phlogopite was partially weathered to vermiculite and interstratified mica-vermiculite during the vermicomposting *** rate of weathering was higher during the early stages of vermicomposting(the first 90 d).The weathering of phlogopite was influenced considerably by the activity of earthworms and associated microbial communities during the organic matter transformation *** the early stages of the process,the weathering rate for different levels of phlogopite was not significantly different,but over time it accelerated steadily,and the difference increased.

关键词： C/N ratio earthworm Eisenia foetida enriched vermicompost mineral weathering weathering rate X-ray diffraction

Biochar Combined with Vermicompost Increases Crop Production While Reducing Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil

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Pedosphere 2019年第1期29卷 82-94页

作者： WU Di FENG Yanfang XUE Lihong LIU Manqiang YANG Bei HU Feng YANG Linzhang Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Soil Ecology Lab College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University

Organic amendments such as vermicompost and biochar have been reported to enhance soil fertility and crop ***, whether the co-application of both amendments has synergistic effects or whether such benefits are accompanied by the risk of gaseous nitrogen(N) loss in an agroecosystem remains unknown. A soil column experiment with a fully factorial design was conducted using three levels of vermicompost(no dose, low dose(1%, weight:weight), and high dose(3%, weight:weight)) without or with biochar(1%, weight:weight) to investigate their effects on rice growth and gaseous N loss across the crop growing season. Our results demonstrated that synergistic interactions existed between vermicompost and biochar in promoting crop yield. Compared with biochar amendment alone, biochar combined with vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased rice yield by 26.5%–35.3%. However,high dose of vermicompost significantly(P < 0.01) increased the cumulative ammonia(NH_3) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emissions. In the presence of vermicompost, the incorporation of biochar amendment significantly(P < 0.01) decreased the cumulative N_2O emission by 14.1%–18.6%. The lowest emission factor value of NH_3 and N_2O was achieved using biochar in combination with low dose of vermicompost. This study revealed that the combination of biochar and moderate dose of vermicompost offers a novel approach to promote crop productivity while reducing the environmental risk.

关键词： ammonia volatilization crop yield earthworm ecosystem services emission factor gaseous nitrogen loss organic amendment organic waste

Community structure of Lumbricidae in beech woodland of the Bieszczady National Park, Southeast Poland

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 391-397页

作者： Anna MAZUR-PĄCZKA Grzegorz PĄCZKA Joanna KOSTECKA Kevin R.BUTT Marcin JAROMIN Mariola GARCZYŃSKA Agnieszka PODOLAK University of Rzeszów Faculty of Biology and AgricultureDepartment of Natural Theories of Agriculture and Environmental Education1a Cwiklinskiej St.Rzeszów 35-959Poland University of Central Lancashire Forensic and Applied SciencesPreston PR12HEUK Rzeszów University of Technology Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics6 Powstancow Warszawy AvenueRzeszów 35-959Poland

As ecosystem engineers,earthworms play a key role in the soil ***,due to increasing anthropogenic pressure,soil organisms,including earthworms,are being threatened by habitat *** this study,we undertook a qualitative and quantitative investigation of earthworms of the family Lumbricidae in four types of Carpathian beech woodland(Fagetum carpaticum),characterized by their understory vegetation(I,*** drymejae;Ⅱ,***;Ⅲ,***;and IV,***),in the Bieszczady National Park(Eastern Carpathians,Southeast Poland).At each investigated site,soil monoliths(25 cm×25 cm×25 cm)were examined by hand *** were expelled from deep soil layers using a weak formalin solution(0.4%).Depending on the phytocoenosis,7 species of Lumbricidae were identified at each of the sites I,Ⅱ,andⅢand 10 at site *** IV(***)differed significantly(Pearthworm biomass(59.71±39.53 g m^(-2))and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(0.52±0.12).Although present three decades ago,the deep-burrowing species Octodrilus transpadanus and the litter-dwelling species Dendrobaena octaedra were not found at site IV in the present *** suspect that these two species may have been displaced by the invasive Lumbricus terrestris,which was not found at the same site in the *** observations warrant further investigation to verify the predicted effects of an invasive earthworm,including the potential effects on soils and other fauna and flora,which have been documented in numerous countries.

关键词： beech forest earthworm invasive species Shannon-Wiener diversity index species diversity species dominance