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The anatomic determinants of conductive hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of Otology 2017年第3期12卷 125-131页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

Objectives: Recent studies have introduced middle ear volume(MEV) as a novel determinant of perforation-induced conductive hearing loss(CHL) in a mechanism driven by trans-tympanic membrane pressure differences. The primary aims of this preliminary report are to: 1) correlate CHL with perforation size; 2) describe the relationship between CHL and MEV; and 3) compare CHL across a range of cholesteatoma involvement.Design: A retrospective pilot study was performed in 31 subjects with audiometry indicative of conductive hearing loss, temporal bone CT scans,and no prior middle ear surgery. Perforation size and MEV were analyzed with respect to CHL in a cohort of 10 perforated ears with no cholesteatoma. CHLs were compared in 3 groups defined by extent of cholesteatoma involvement.Results: ears with large and small perforations showed mean ABG values of 32.0 ± 15.7 dB and 16.0 ± 16.4 dB, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between MEV and CHL for ears with large perforations across all frequencies, whereas this relationship for small perforations was frequency-dependent. Finally, a statistically significant increase in CHL was found across ears with increasing cholesteatoma involvement at 1000 Hz(X^2(2) = 9.786, p = 0.008),2000 Hz(x^2(2) = 8.455, p = 0.015),and 4000 Hz(x^2(2)= 8.253, p = 0.016).Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that greater perforation-induced conductive hearing losses may be associated with larger perforation sizes and cholesteatoma. The correlation between MEV and CHL may require additional study.

关键词： Perforation-induced hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Middle ear volume Three-dimensional volume reconstruction

Histone deacetylases in hearing loss: Current perspectives for therapy

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Journal of Otology 2017年第2期12卷 47-54页

作者： Daishi Chen Ming Xu Beibei Wu Lei Chen Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Chinese PLA Medical School Department of Otorhinolaryngology The Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University Medical College Department of Biomateriallien Universit€atsklinikum Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nrnberg (FAU)

Hearing loss is one of the most frequent health issues in industrialized countries. The pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of hearing loss are still unclear. Histone deacetylases(HDACs) are emerging as key enzymes in many physiological processes, including chromatin remodeling,regulation of transcription, DNA repair, metabolism, genome stability and protein secretion. Recent studies indicated that HDACs are associated with the development and progression of hearing loss. Dysfunction of HDACs could promote the oxidative stress and aging in the inner ear. In light of considering the current stagnation in the development of therapeutic options, the need for new strategies in the treatment of hearing loss has never been so pressing. In this review, we will summarize the reported literatures for HDACs in hearing loss and discuss how HDAC family members show different performances for the possibility of process of diseases development. The possibility of pharmacological intervention on hearing loss opens a novel path in the treatment of hearing loss.

关键词： Histone deacetylase HDAC inhibitor Cochlea Inner ear Hearing loss

Endoscopic and minimally-invasive ear surgery: A path to better outcomes

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第3期3卷 129-135页

作者： Natasha Pollak Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Lewis Katz School of Medicine Temple University Philadelphia PA USA

The development of endoscopic ear surgery techniques promises to change the way we approach ear surgery.In this review paper,we explore the current evidence,seek to determine the advantages of endoscopic ear surgery,and see if these advantages are both measureable and meaningful.The wide field of view of the endoscope allows the surgeon to better visualize the various recesses of the middle ear cleft.Endoscopes make it possible to address the target pathology transcanal,while minimizing dissection or normal tissue done purely for exposure,leading to the evolution of minimally-invasive ear surgery and reducing morbidity.When used in chronic ear surgery,endoscopy appears to have the potential to significantly reduce cholesteatoma recidivism rates.Using endoscopes as an adjunct can increase the surgeon's confidence in total cholesteatoma removal.By doing so,endoscopes reduce the need to reopen the mastoid during second-look surgery,help preserve the canal wall,or even change post-cholesteatoma follow-up protocols by channeling more patients away from a planned second-look.

关键词： Endoscopic ear surgery Minimally-invasive ear surgery ear surgery outcomes ear surgery Otologic surgery Mastoid surgery

The characterization of auditory brainstem response(ABR) waveforms: A study in tree shrews(Tupaia belangeri)

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Journal of Otology 2018年第3期13卷 85-91页

作者： Lihong Xie Menglin Wang Ting Liao Songhua Tan Kai Sun Heng Li Qin Fang Anzhou Tang Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University

To characterize the patterns of ABR waves in tree shrews, we must understand the hearing sensitivity and auditory function of healthy adult tree shrews. Fifteen tree shrews(30 ears) were stimulated with clicks and tone-pips at 11 different frequencies from 1 to 60 kHz. The ABR waves were recorded and analyzed. The ABR consisted of five to seven positive waves in the first 10 ms after a click stimulus, and the average hearing threshold of component III was 27.86 ± 3.78 dB SPL. Wave III was the largest and most clear. The ABR threshold was related to the tone-pip sitmulus by a "U" shaped curve. The sensitive frequency was approximately 8 kHz in tree shrews. The latencies systematically decreased with increasing stimulus frequencies. The ABR amplitudes of wave III increased as the sound pressure level increased. All of these results provide an empirical basis for future studies of hearing diseases in tree shrews.

关键词： Tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri) ear Auditory brainstem response Primates

Effect of intercropping on maize grain yield and yield components

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第8期18卷 1690-1700页

作者： HUANG Cheng-dong LIU Quan-qing LI Xiao-lin ZHANG Chao-chun College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Resources & Environment Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Shijiazhuang 050051P.R.China

Smallholders in developing countries commonly use intercropping to produce crops with higher yield and value. Many intercropping studies have been conducted under experimental conditions, but few studies have been performed in farmers’ fields. We conducted a 4-year study using data from real farms to examine the relationships between yield and yield components of intercropped maize in the North China Plain. Three field experiments were conducted to compare the suitability of different maize varieties in intercropping. In the farm study, the grain yield of maize intercropped with watermelon was reduced by more than one third as compared to maize in wheat-maize double cropping, mainly due to lower ear density and lower 100-grain weight. Under real farm conditions, the yield of intercropped maize increased with increasing ear density and 100-grain weight, while yield of sole maize increased with increasing grain number per ear and 100-grain weight. In the field experiments, the maize cultivars commonly used in double cropping gave similar yields when grown in the intercropping system and their yields were closely related to ear density and 100-grain weight. Our results demonstrated that ear density, rather cultivar, was a key factor affecting the productivity of intercropped maize. Therefore,maintaining high ear density is a practical way for promoting productivity of maize in farmers’ intercropping practices.

关键词： maize ear density intercropping double cropping cultivars

Hearing analysis in heterozygous and homozygous klotho gene deficient mice

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Journal of Otology 2018年第4期13卷 131-134页

作者： Na Yuan Shiwei Qiu Qian Wang Wei Zhuang Guoping Li Tiantian Sun Shiming Yang Yuehua Qiao Xi Shi The Institute of Audiology and Balance Science Xuzhou Medical University Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Institute of Otolaryngology of PLA Chinese PIA General Hospital Clinical Hearing Center Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University

Objective: To understand the crucial role of the klotho gene in hearing development in mouse models.Methods: PCR was used to identify CBA mice with different genotypes, i.e. WT, heterozygous(klotho +/-)or homozygous(klotho-/-). Mice phenotype and weight were recorded postnatal 25 days(P-25) and auditory brainstem responses(ABR) were used to determine auditory function at P-60.Results: klotho-/-mice tended to have smaller size, lighter weight and higher ABR thresholds at P-60,showing early onset age-related hearing loss(ARHL).Conclusion: Heterozygous and homozygous klotho deficient mice exhibit different degrees of hearing loss at young age, with homozygous mice(klotho-/-) showing more severe hearing loss. Our results indicate that persisted expression of klotho protein in the inner ear may potentially delay the onset of ARHL and play an important role in the protection of auditory function.

关键词： Homozygous Klotho gene Inner ear Hearing loss

Clinical improvement in the therapy of aural keloids

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第23期122卷 2865-2868页

作者： ZHANG Yan-ge CEN Ying LIU Xiao-xue YU Rong XU Xue-wen Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery West China HospitalSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China

Background Keloids have a predilection for the aural region because of the special shape of the pinna. It is difficult to resect keloids entirely and maintain a satisfactory pinnal shape. Surgical excision in combination with radiotherapy is considered to be the most efficacious treatment available for severe keloids. This study was conducted to evaluate the treatment of aural keloids with intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Forty-six patients with a combined total of 74 aural keloids were treated by intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy. All patients received a total dose of 20 Gy in 10 consecutive days. The time interval between keloid excision and delivery of the first radiotherapy fraction was 〈24 hours in all cases. The median follow-up was 2.2 years. Results Twenty-nine patients with 48 keloids （64.9%） were highly satisfied with their outcome, and were rated as good by the surgeon. Six patients with 12 keloids （16.2%） showed general satisfaction but wanted aesthetic refinement, and these patients were rated as fair by the surgeon. Three patients with four keloids （5.4%） showed no evidence of recurrence after surgery, but disliked the result because of the discoloration and irregularity of the scar surface. These patients were rated as poor by the surgeon. Partial recurrence occurred in 8 patients with 10 keloids （13.5%）. No major complications were observed. Conclusion Intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy is well tolerated and very effective in Dreventing recurrence of aural region keloids.

关键词： keloid surgery radiotherapy, adjuvant ear

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome Revealing HIV Conditions

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2022年第3期11卷 112-118页

作者： Ghislaine Neuilly Ngniee Tafo Fatogoma Issa Kone Boubacar Maiga Mohamed Keita Reference Health Center I in Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital of Gabriel Touré of Bamako (CHU) Bamako Mali

Objective: To discuss the diagnostic, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of a case of herpes zoster oticus associated with facial palsy in HIV conditions. Case Study: We report the case of a 32-year-old married female beautician patient admitted with severe right otalgia associated with a fever that had been evolving for three days. The addition of homolateral otorrhea and headache was noted. The initial examination on admission noted a vesicular rash of the pinna and the external third of the right external auditory canal with a normal tympanic membrane. The evolution was marked 48 hours later by the appearance of a right facial palsy grade V. The CT scan of the rock showed a mastoid and maxillary sinus hypodensity. The paraclinical exploration found a positive retroviral serology to HIV 1 and 2. The diagnosis retained was a Ramsay Hunt syndrome on HIV condition associated with ipsilateral maxillary sinusitis and mastoiditis. The treatment administered was a combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid injection of 3 g per day + oral aciclovir 200 mg, acetaminophen 1 g injectable every 6 h, betamethasone 4mg per day, vitamin B complex, artificial tear. Therapeutic inclusion in the HIV/AIDS national program was performed. The evolution was marked by the total regression of the facial palsy after six months of treatment. Conclusion: Otogenic diseases in HIV remain a problem in our context where the circumstances of discovery are most often fortuitous, hence the need to search for the serological status in front of any suspicion of viral infection in adults. The status may constitute a triggering factor or a factor of the severity of the pathology or of the symptoms such as facial palsy or deafness in our case. early and adapted management has been shown to improve the prognosis.

关键词： RAMSAY HUNT Syndrome Zona ear Facial Paralysis HIV

On Dinosaur Reconstruction: The Head

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 371-432页

作者： Georgios A. Florides Paul Christodoulides Faculty of Engineering and Technology Cyprus University of Technology Limassol Cyprus

This paper presents the current knowledge about the reconstruction of dinosaur heads. To reconstruct the dinosaur head, several features and functions of the head must be studied, namely osteology, musculature and soft tissue of the head, cranial kinesis, craniodental biomechanical characteristics, posterior part of the cranium, skin, and others. The main steps and points resulting from the study are the following. Firstly, the osteological remains of the head are studied for reconstruction according to the correct size and form in comparison with known remains belonging to the same family in case the remains were not complete. As the dinosaurs did not have facial muscles, their skin was pressed directly to the skull. The skin covering the large openings in front of the orbits of many dinosaurs probably bulged gently outward, and similarly, the jaw muscles bulged gently from the skull openings. Also, an investigation is performed to decide if sauropods were terrestrial or aquatic animals. Then, the individual characteristics of the head are examined in detail. These concern: 1) endocranial cast and nerves, 2) nostrils position, 3) the existence and kind of cheeks and lips, 4) Teeth types and function, 5) the palate shape and skin covering, 6) hyoid apparatus and tongues, 7) the details of the ear, 8) sclerotic rings and eyes, 9) skin and color. With the knowledge gathered about the various parts of the head in mind, decisions are made about the Amargasaurus (a sauropod) head in order to reconstruct a 3D, actual size head, as a worked example. Finally, the reconstruction procedure is described in detail.

关键词： Amargasaurus Reconstruction Dinosaur Head Details Diplodocus Skull Eye Sclerotic Ring ear Head Musculature Teeth Tongue Oral Cavity Nostrils Cheeks and Lips Skin