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Access,Activation,and Overlap:Focusing on the Differential

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外国语 2012年第1期35卷 2-25页

作者： Ronald W.Langacker University of California San DiegoU.S.A.

As a long term goal,Cognitive Grammar envisages a unified account of linguistic structure,processing,and discourse.A key requirement is that it properly reflect the dynamicity of language,in all its aspects(including grammar).Consisting as it does in patterns of activity,language is something that happens: it unfolds through time,and how it does so is essential for its *** structure involves the complex interplay of serial and hierarchical *** theory has generally overemphasized the latter,as witnessed by the predominant role of grammatical constituency based on the metaphor of composition("building" a complex structure out of smaller "pieces").More promising for a unified treatment of structure,processing,and discourse is an alternative metaphor,in which a "moving window" of attention allows serial access to complex conceptions that are mostly already in *** processing proceeds concurrently on different time scales,in windows of different *** provides a dynamic basis for hierarchical *** arises when conceptions accessed in windows on one time scale figure in a distinct and more elaborate conception(with its own,emergent properties) accessed in a single window on a larger time *** on the alternative metaphor,an approach is outlined that features serial access,windows of attention,levels of activation,and conceptual *** is then applied,in exploratory fashion,to a number of grammatical *** "access-and-activation" approach directly accommodates reference point relationships,the basis for possessive and topic *** lends itself quite well to the characterization of informational focus,marked in English by unreduced *** requisite descriptive notions are then extended and adapted for ellipsis,which has rather different *** same notions prove useful for handling problematic aspects of coordinate ***,they provide a straig

关键词： attention conceptual overlap discourse dynamicity seriality vs.hierarchy

Towards Innovative Research Approaches to Investigating the Role of Emotional Variables in Promoting Language Teachers’ and Learners’ Mental Health

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2023年第7期25卷 823-832页

作者： Ali Derakhshan Yongliang Wang Yongxiang Wang José Luis Ortega-Martín Department of English Language and Literature Faculty of Humanities and Social SciencesGolestan UniversityGorgan15759-49138Iran School of Foreign Languages and Cultures Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China Department of Didactics of Language and Literature Faculty of EducationUniversity of GranadaGranada18071Spain

The adequacy of language education largely depends on the favorable and unfavorable emotions that teachers and students experience throughout the education *** said,emotional factors play a key role in improving the quality of language teaching and ***,these emotional factors also promote the well-being of language teachers and learners and place them in a suitable mental *** view of the favorable impact of emotional factors on the mental health of language teachers and learners,many educational scholars around the world have studied these factors,their background,and their pedagogical ***,the majority of previous studies have employed traditional research methods in assessing these variables and their inﬂuences on language teachers’and learners’mental *** of the complex and dynamic quality of emotional factors,traditional research approaches often fail to evaluate these factors and their dynamic,non-linear connections with teachers’and learners’mental health and ***,some novel research approaches are required to measure the dynamicity and complexity of emotional factors in language education *** address this call,the current state-of-the-art conceptual article seeks to provide new insights for investigating emotional factors and their potential impact on language teachers’and learners’mental *** study also intends to offer a comprehensive list of emerging methods that take into account the complex and dynamic nature of emotional ***,the study outlines the potential implications of this review for educational researchers.

关键词： Complexity dynamicity emotional factors mental health well-being innovative research approaches second and foreign language education

Optimal allocation method of electric/air braking force of high-speed train considering axle load transfer

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High-Speed Railway 2024年第2期2卷 77-84页

作者： Feng Guo Jing He College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University of TechnologyZhuzhou 412007China

Reasonable distribution of braking force is a factor for a smooth,safe,and comfortable braking of trains.A dynamic optimal allocation strategy of electric-air braking force is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of the lack of consideration of adhesion difference of train wheelsets in the existing high-speed train electric-air braking force optimal allocation *** this method,the braking strategy gives priority to the use of electric braking *** force model of a single train in the braking process is analyzed to calculate the change of adhesion between the wheel and rail of each wheelset after axle load transfer,and then the adhesion of the train is estimated in real ***,with the goal of maximizing the total adhesion utilization ratio of trailer/motor vehicles,a linear programming distribution function is *** proportional coefficient of adhesion utilization ratio of each train and the application upper limit of braking force in the function is updated according to the change time point of wheelset ***,the braking force is dynamically *** simulation results of Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed algorithm not only uses the different adhesion limits of each trailer to reduce the total amount of braking force undertaken by the motor vehicle,but also considers the adhesion difference of each *** strategy can effectively reduce the risk and time of motor vehicles during the braking process and improve the stability of the train braking.

关键词： Braking force allocation Wheelset dynamicity Axle load transfer total Adhesion utilization ratio

Delimiting Ecological Space and Simulating Spatial-temporal Changes in Its Ecosystem Service Functions based on a Dynamic Perspective: A Case Study on Qionglai City of Sichuan Province, China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2022年第6期13卷 1128-1142页

作者： OU Dinghua WU Nengjun LI Yuanxi MA Qing ZHENG Siyuan LI Shiqi YU Dongrui TANG Haolun GAO Xuesong College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Key Laboratory of Investigation and Monitoring Protection and Utilization for Cultivated Land ResourcesMinistry of Natural ResourcesChengdu 611130China

Delimiting ecological space scientifically and making reasonable predictions of the spatial-temporal trend of changes in the dominant ecosystem service functions(ESFs) are the basis of constructing an ecological protection pattern of territorial space, which has important theoretical significance and application value. At present, most research on the identification, functional partitioning and pattern reconstruction of ecological space refers to the current ESFs and their structural information, which ignores the spatial-temporal dynamic nature of the comprehensive and dominant ESFs, and does not seriously consider the change simulation in the dominant ESFs of the future ecological space. This affects the rationality of constructing an ecological space protection pattern to some extent. In this study, we propose an ecological space delimitation method based on the dynamic change characteristics of the ESFs, realize the identification of the ecological space range in Qionglai City and solve the problem of ignoring the spatial-temporal changes of ESFs in current research. On this basis, we also apply the Markov-CA model to integrate the spatial-temporal change characteristics of the dominant ESFs, successfully realize the simulation of the spatial-temporal changes in the dominant ESFs in Qionglai City’s ecological space in 2025, find a suitable method for simulating ecological spatial-temporal changes and also provide a basis for constructing a reasonable ecological space protection pattern. This study finds that the comprehensive quantity of ESF and its annual rate of change in Qionglai City show obvious dynamics, which confirms the necessity of considering the dynamic characteristics of ESFs when identifying ecological space. The areas of ecological space in Qionglai city represent 98307 ha by using the ecological space identification method proposed in this study, which is consistent with the ecological spatial distribution in the local ecological civilization con

关键词： ecological space dominant ecosystem service functions(ESFs) dynamicity spatial-temporal change simulation Markov-CA model