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Value of MR diffusion imaging in hepatic fibrosis and its correlations with serum indices

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7964-7970页

作者： Xing-Rong Hu Xian-Nian Cui Qi-Tuo Hu Jun Chen Department of Imaging The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture The Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University Department of Laboratory The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Medical school of Hubei Institute for Nationalities Department of Radiology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University

AIM:To compare apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)values on diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)of hepatic fibrosis patients with those of healthy controls and to identify their correlations with serum indices of liver ***:Hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),typeⅢprocollagen(PCⅢ),and collagen typeⅣ(Ⅳ-C)were measured in 54 hepatic fibrosis patients and 23normal controls,and ADC values were determined on DWI at different b values(b=300,500,700 s/mm2).Correlations between serum indices and ADC values at different liver fibrosis stages were examined,and each index variation of liver fibrosis in different stages were compared,and correlation analysis of each index and the staging of liver fibrosis carried out,and the correlation of each index ***:With progressive liver fibrosis,HA,PCⅢ,andⅣ-C levels increased(P<0.01).As the b value increased,the ADC value decreased gradually with the hepatic fibrosis *** different groups with b values of 500 s/mm2 and 700 s/mm2,the ADC value decreased significantly as liver fibrosis progressed(P<0.01).With b values of 500 s/mm2 and 700 s/mm2,there were negative correlations between ADC and LN,PCⅢ,HA,andⅣ-*** pattern was observed only for HA andⅣ-C at a b value of 300 s/***:Serum indices of liver fibrosis and ADC values are useful for diagnosing liver fibrosis,with some correlations among them.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis diffusion-weighted imaging Hyaluro

Magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer:A literature review and future perspectives

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第2期5卷 61-70页

作者： Gisela LG Menezes Floor M Knuttel Bertine L Stehouwer Ruud M Pijnappel Maurice AAJ van den Bosch Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University Medical Centre Utrecht

Early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer are essential for successful treatment. Currently mammography and ultrasound are the basic imaging techniques for the detection and localization of breast tumors. The low sensitivity and specificity of these imaging tools resulted in a demand for new imaging modalities and breast magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has become increasingly important in the detection and delineation of breast cancer in daily practice. However, the clinical benefits of the use of pre-operative MRI in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer is still a matter of debate. The main additional diagnostic value of MRI relies on specific situations such as detecting multifocal, multicentric or contralateral disease unrecognized on conventional assessment(particularly in patients diagnosed with invasive lobular carcinoma), assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, detection of cancer in dense breast tissue, recognition of an occult primary breast cancer in patients presenting with cancer metastasis in axillary lymph nodes, among others. Nevertheless, the development of new MRI technolo-gies such as diffusion-weighted imaging, proton spectroscopy and higher field strength 7.0 T imaging offer a new perspective in providing additional information in breast abnormalities. We conducted an expert literature review on the value of breast MRI in diagnosing and staging breast cancer, as well as the future potentials of new MRI technologies.

关键词： Breast magnetic resonance imaging Cancer diffusion-weighted imaging Spectroscopy 7.0 tesla

Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver:New imaging strategies for evaluating focal liver lesions

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World Journal of Radiology 2009年第1期1卷 72-85页

作者： Kenneth Coenegrachts Department of Radiology AZ St.-Jan Brugge-Oostende AVRuddershove 10B-8000 BrugesBelgium Author contributions:Coenegrachts K contributed solely to this paper

The early detection of focal liver lesions,particularly those which are malignant,is of utmost *** resection of liver metastases of some malignancies(including colorectal cancer)has been shown to improve the survival of *** knowledge of the number,size,and regional distribution of liver metastases is essential to determine their *** all focal liver lesions larger than 10 mm are demonstrated with current imaging techniques but the detection of smaller focal liver lesions is still relatively *** of the advantages of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)of the liver is better soft tissue contrast(compared to other radiologic modalities),which allows better detection and characterization of the focal liver lesions in *** in MRI hardware and software and the availability of novel MRI contrast agents have further improved the diagnostic yield of MRI in lesion detection and *** the primary modalities for liver imaging are ultrasound and computed tomography,recent studies have suggested that MRI is the most sensitive method for detecting small liver metastatic lesions,and MRI is now considered the pre-operative standard method for *** recent developments in MRI sequences for the upper abdomen comprise unenhanced diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),and keyhole-based dynamic contrast-enhanced(DCE)MRI(4D THRIVE).DWI allows improved detection(b=10 s/mm2)of small(diffusion coefficient value,true diffusion coefficient,D,and the perfusion fraction,f,has been used for the characterization of focal liver *** 4D THRIVE enables MRI of the liver with high temporal and spatial resolution and full liver coverage.4D THRIVE improves evaluation of focal liver lesions,providing multiple arterial and venous phases,and allows the calculation of perfusion parameters usi

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Liver neoplasms diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging 4D THRIVE Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging Contrast agents

iShim and Water Excitation Improves the Signal-to-Noise Ratio on q-Space Imaging: A Single-Center Clinical Study

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第4期8卷 244-259页

作者： Yoshifumi Sone Junichi Hata Yasushi Sera Katsuya Maruyama Thomas Benkert Zhouchen Lu Jun Kasahara Hideyuki Okano Morio Matsumoto Masaya Nakamura Daisuke Nakashima Takeo Nagura Medical Scanning Tokyo Tokyo Japan Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kanagawa Japan Department of Physiology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Riken Brain Science Institute Saitama Japan Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan MR Research & Collaboration Department Diagnostic Imaging Business Area Siemens Healthcare K.K. Tokyo Japan Siemens Healthcare GmbH Erlangen Germany Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Purpose: This study aimed to examine whether the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) could be increased by combining integrated slice-by-slice shimming (iShim) with a fat suppression (FS) method other than short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and q-space imaging (qsi). Methods: We acquired DWI images (b-values: 0 and nine steps from 400 to 10,000 s/mm2 for six axes) using a prototypical single-shot echo planar imaging sequence by combining two types of shimming (3D Shim and iShim) and two types of FS (STIR and water excitation [WE]) in 10 volunteers. In the DWI study, the SNR for each b-value, FS effect in the b0 image, and distortion in the added image (b0 - b10,000) were evaluated for the above-mentioned four imaging methods. qsi involved original DWI images. In the qsi study, the SNR was evaluated. Results: With regard to both 3D Shim and iShim, the SNRs were significantly higher when using WE than when using STIR in b0 - b900 images (p Conclusion: The combination of iShim and WE has a high SNR on qsi.

关键词： iShim Fat Suppression Water Excitation diffusion-weighted Imaging q-Space Imaging (qsi)

Evaluation of Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2020年第2期11卷 98-114页

作者： Aya Hossam Mansy Al Siagy Ali Abd Fatma Gharib Khair-Allah Lamiss Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt Department of Diagnostic Radiology Faculty of Medicine Tanta University Tanta Egypt

Background: The sixth most prevalent cancer in the world is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In multiple combinations, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are used in HNC control. As radiation-induced salivary gland damage and xerostomia is one of the most usual and distressing impacts,?diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is a promising technique for the assessment of alterations due to radiation therapy.?The aim of the study is?to evaluate the effect of Chemoradiotherapy either concurrent or sequential/RTH on salivary glands using DW-MRI performed before and after chemoradiotherapy/RTH,?correlation between DW-MRI changes?and delivered radiation dose to salivary glands,?study the acute toxicity of chemoradiotherapy/RTH on salivary glands and assess quality of life for patients with radiation-induced xerostomia.?Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 43 patients with Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy, sequential therapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy at Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, MRI diffusion scans were done at Diagnostic Radiology Department Tanta University Hospitals throughout the period from May 2016 to May 2019.?DW-MRI performed before and after RTH. For patients receiving CCRTH, DW sequence will be performed before starting RTH and 2?-?3 months post-RTH once at rest and then repeated continuously during salivary stimulation by ascorbic acid. In case of induction chemotherapy, DW-MRI was done before and after induction and 2?-?3 months post-RTH.?Results:?In all time periods, ADC values were lower for the PG than the SMG.?ADC change of PGs was higher in hypopharyngeal carcinoma, while ADC change of SMGs?were?higher in oropharyngeal carcinoma.?ADC change in PGs & SMGs was higher in advanced stage.?Conclusion:?To assess the radiation-induced xerostomia, DW-MRI can be used as non-invasive tool. Xerostomia questionnaire is helpful instrument for evaluati

关键词： Xerostomia diffusion-weighted MRI Radiotherapy Toxicity

Localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis superimposed upon preexisting intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 9127-9132页

作者： Takahiro Urata Yoshiki Naito Yoshihiro Izumi Yoshi Takekuma Hiroshi Yokomizo Michiko Nagamine Seiji Fukuda Kenji Notohara Michio Hifumi Department of Gastroenterology Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto HospitalKumamoto 861-8520Japan Department of Pathology Kurume University School of MedicineKurume CityFukuoka 830-0011Japan Department of Surgery Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto HospitalKumamoto 861-8520Japan Department of Pathology Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto HospitalKumamoto 861-8520Japan Department of Anatomic Pathology Kurashiki Central HospitalKurashiki CityOkayama 701-01Japan

A 70-year-old woman was found to have 2 cystic lesions in the head of the pancreas on abdominal ultrasonography during a routine medical *** ultrasonography(EUS)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed multilocular cysts in the head of the pancreas without dilation of the main pancreatic *** patient was followed-up semiannually with imaging studies for suspected branch duct-type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm(IPMN).At 3 years after initial presentation,hypoechoic lesions were observed around each pancreatic cyst by ***-weighted imaging showed high-intensity regions corresponding to these ***,a diagnosis of invasive carcinoma derived from IPMN could not be excluded,and subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was *** macroscopic examination of the surgical specimen showed whitish solid masses in the head of the pancreas,with multilocular cysts within each ***,each solid mass consisted of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes and plasma ***,immunochemical staining revealed immunoglobulin G4-positive cells,and many obliterating phlebitides were *** cysts consisted of mucus-producing epithelial cells and showed a papillary growth *** on these findings,we diagnosed multiple localized type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis occurring only in the vicinity of the branch ducttype IPMN.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Immunoglobulin G4 Endoscopic ultrasonography diffusion-weighted imaging

Focal neurological deficit in acute anemia: Case reports and review of the literature

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2013年第2期3卷 53-56页

作者： Salvatore Giuffrida Giuseppe Carpinteri Daniela Modica Manuela Pennisi Alfio Catalano Rita Bella Giovanni Pennisi Carolin Cornelius Giuseppe Lanza Department “G. F. Ingrassia” Section of Neurosciences University of Catania Catania Italy Department of Chemistry School of Medicine University of Catania Catania Italy Medicina e Chirurgia d’Accettazione d’Urgenza “Policlinico–Vittorio Emanuele” University Hospital Catania Italy

Introduction: Although anemia is not regarded as an usual vascular risk factor for stroke, it is one of the potential mechanism by which the brain does not receive adequate oxygenation. Moreover, the relationship between drop of hemoglobin and acute focal neurological deficits is not clear. We report two patients with cerebral infarction due to acute anemia. Case Reports: Case 1 was a 73-year-old man who complained an episode of loss of consciousness followed by right hemiparesis and dysarthria after few hours. The day after admission he presented melena caused by a duodenal ulcer bleeding. The hemoglobin dropped from 11.3 g/dl to5.6 g/dl in 24 hours. Areas of acute infarctions were evident at diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain. Case 2 was a 77-year-old man with a transient episode of aphasia, right lower limb paresis and mental confusion twelve hours after an intervention of PTA and stenting of the left internal carotid artery. Hemoglobin was11.8 g/dl before intervention and9 g/dl 48 hours later. DWI showed bilateral and widespread acute infarcts. Conclusion: Anemia has to be considered as a potential factor in determining or worsening cerebral infarction, especially in patients with carotid or intracranial stenosis, high cerebrovascular lesions load or insufficient collateral supply. Acute or severe anemia may negatively impact the cerebral blood flow and decrease oxygen-carrying capacity, promote rapid deterioration of ischemic penumbra. Brain DWI and treatment of the underlying etiology of acute anemia are crucial in early identification and recovery of cerebral infarctions.

关键词： Low Hemoglobin Level Focal Neurological Sign Brain diffusion-weighted Imaging Cerebral Hemodynamic Cerebral Infarction

Imaging of multiple myeloma: Current concepts

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第3期5卷 272-282页

作者： Thorsten Derlin Peter Bannas Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology University Medical Center HamburgEppendorfDE-20246 HamburgGermany

Medical imaging is of crucial importance for diagnosis and initial staging as well as for differentiation of multiple myeloma(MM)from other monoclonal plasma cell *** radiography represents the reference standard for diagnosis of MM due to its wide availability and low costs despite its known limitations such as low sensitivity,limited specificity and its inability to detect extraosseous *** conventional radiography,newer cross-sectional imaging modalities such as whole-body low-dose computed tomography(CT),whole-body magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)positron emission tomography(PET)/CT are available for the diagnosis of osseous and extraosseous manifestations of ***-body low-dose CT is used increasingly,replacing conventional radiography at selected centers,due to its higher sensitivity for the detection of osseous lesions and its ability to diagnose extraosseous *** highest sensitivity for both detection of bone marrow disease and extraosseous lesions can be achieved with whole-body MRI and18F-FDG PET/*** to current evidence,MRI is the most sensitive method for initial staging while18F-FDG PET/CT allows monitoring of treatment of *** is an evolving role for assessment of treatment response using newer MR *** studies are needed to further define the exact role of the different imaging modalities for individual risk stratification and therapy monitoring.

关键词： Multiple myeloma Plasmocytoma X-Ray Magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted imaging Positron emission tomography-computed tomography Imaging

Morphological and functional evaluation of chronic kidney disease using magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Clinical Urology 2014年第3期3卷 325-329页

作者： Tsutomu Inoue Eito Kozawa Hirokazu Okada Hiromichi Suzuki Department of Nephrology Faculty of Medicine Saitama Medical UniversitySaitama 350-0495 Japan Department of Diagnostic Radiology Saitama Medical University International Medical CenterSaitama 350-1298 Japan

X-ray computed tomography(CT),ultrasonography(US)and radionuclide scanning are important clinical methods for evaluating morphology of the *** modalities are also applicable for estimating kidney function with time lapse analysis using proper contrastmedia as may be *** the case of US,it can estimate kidney function based on the measurement of blood flow using the Doppler ***,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was an inappropriate diagnostic imaging technique for abdominal organs because of their respiratory ***,MRI is now actively used for kidney as well as liver or other parenchymal organs,in tandem with the technological *** unenhanced X-ray CT,"conventional"MRI can distinguish the border between cortex and medulla in T1 or T2 weighted *** was known that the border blurred with decreasing kidney ***,several other particular imaging methods were introduced in recent years,and these could be called"functional"*** this review,the following are discussed:functional MRI for chronic kidney disease,which include blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI for evaluation of hypoxia,diffusion-weighted imagingfor evaluation of fibrosis,diffusion tensor imaging for evaluation of microstructure,and arterial spin labeling to evaluate the amount of organ perfusion,accompanied with several related *** ultimate goal of functional MRI is to provide useful in vivo information repeatedly for daily medical treatment non-invasively.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Chronic kidney disease Blood oxygenation level-dependent effect diffusion-weighted imaging diffusion tensor imaging Arterial spin labeling Fibrosis Hypoxia Functional magnetic resonance imaging