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Solubility study and selective purification of HMX explosive in organic electrolyte solution of zinc acetate/diethylene glycol

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2023年第11期29卷 15-23页

作者： Javad Ghorbani Sajjad Damiri Hamid Reza Pouretedal Faculty of Applied Sciences Maleke-ashtar University of TechnologyP.O.Box83145/115Iran

In this study, an organic electrolyte solution based on zinc acetate/diethylene glycol(ZA/DEG) is introduced for the selective purification of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine(HMX) high explosive from its identical homologue cyclotrimethylene trinitramine(RDX). The dielectric constant of various organic solutions were investigated through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) in the range of 1.0 Hz—30 MHz. and some quantum-chemical descriptors of RDX and HMX dissolutions in the ZA cosolvent were analyzed using Density Functional Theory(DFT). The results show dielectric constant and solubility of RDX is higher than that of HMX, and by increasing of ZA concentration in DEG solvent, the values of dielectric constants were enhanced. Furthermore, the presence of ZA cosolvent on the solubility of two explosives was statistically investigated by Central Composite Design(CCD) of experiment, and some solubility parameters including activity coefficient, dissolving enthalpy, and mixing enthalpies were determined. The experimental results indicate that the weight ratio of RDX to HMX solubility in the proposed organic electrolyte changes up to 30 times, which provides a selective and sequential separation method to separate two materials with similar chemical properties with a separation efficiency>98% and HMX purity> 99.8%. The X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) analysis, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy(LIBS), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR) approves the acceptable quality of the separated materials. The proposed method makes the efficient and safe purification of high-quality HMX for application in oil and gas well perforating gun charges, using a nonvolatile and inflammable organic electrolyte.

关键词： Organic electrolyte Purification Solubility HMX RDX diethylene glycol

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Clinical features, laboratory findings and imaging appearances of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in patients with liver disease

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第19期122卷 2315-2320页

作者： LUO Ming-yue LIN Bing-liang GAO Zhi-liang Department of Radiology the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510655 China Department of Infectious Disease the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China

Background There was a hospital outbreak of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in Guangzhou, China. It is the only massive episode of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in history. Here we report its clinical features, laboratory findings, and imaging appearances. Methods The clinical features of 15 venous diethylene glycol poisoning patients with liver disease were analyzed and summarized. Their laboratory findings and imaging appearances were comparatively analyzed before and after poisoning. Results All poisoned patients presented with oliguric acute renal failure with anuria after a mean of 6 days. Carbon dioxide combination power of 13 patients dropped after a mean of 9 days with valley value on the 10th day, when metabolic acidosis developed. Gastroenteric symptoms or aggravation of gastroenteric symptoms were displayed in 11 patients after a mean of 9 days. Neurological system impairment was observed in 10 patients after a mean of 14 days. Seven patients had low fever after a mean of 6 days. Causes of death of 14 patients included multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, severe lung infection and massive haemorrhage of digestive tract. Blood creatinine and urea nitrogen were abnormal after a mean of 5 days with peak value on the 11th and 14th days, respectively. Serum calcium had no obvious change, and phosphorus was distinctively increased. Liver functions did not change significantly. Poisoned patients had higher white blood cell counts, but lower red blood cell counts and hemoglobin value. Of the 7 patients who exhibited mild moderate or severe patchy consolidation shadowing in the lung, 2 manifested mild or severe gaseous distention and dilation of gastroentedc tract. Conclusions Main features of venous diethylene glycol poisoning in patients with liver disease include oliguric acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, gastroenteric symptoms or aggravation of gastroenteric symptoms, neurological system impairment and low fever, with a mortality rate of 93.33% in poisoned patients. There is also higher white

关键词： liver disease vena diethylene glycol poisoning

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Development and implementation of incident response near-infrared models for analyzing contaminated medicines containing diethylene glycol solvent

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第6期7卷 97-104页

作者： Lihui Yin Xuebo Zhang Xiaodong Li Shaohong Jin National Institutes for Food and Drug Control No.2 Tiantan Xili BeijingP.R.China

Samples of preparations contaminated by diethylene glycol(DEG),diethylene glycol raw materials and laboratory prepared solutions were measured to get NIR spectra.Then the iden-tification models were developed using the collected spectra and the spectra of distilled water,propylene glyool and the preparations without diethylene glyool.Besides,the quantification model was also established for determining the concentration of diethylene glyool in the pre-parations.V alidation results show the identification and quantification models have ideal pre-diction performance.The emergency NIR models are rapid,easy to use and accurate,and can be implemented for identifying diethylene glycol raw material,screening the preparations contam-inated by diethylene glycol in the markets and analyzing the concentrations of DEG.

关键词： diethylene glycol near-infrared transmittance reflectance spectroscopy identification quantification

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Synthesis of ferromagnetic La1-xSrxMnO3 nanoparticles by precipitation from diethylene glycol solution and their properties

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2016年第3期5卷 197-203页

作者： Yulia SHLAPA Sergii SOLOPAN Oleksandr YELENICH Volodymyr TRACHEVSKII Anatolii BELOUS V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry NAS of Ukraine32/34 Palladina Avenue 03680 Kyiv 142 Ukraine Technical Center NAS of Ukraine

La1−x Sr x MnO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation from diethylene glycol solution. Features of synthesis were studied using 1Н, 13С, 139La... 详细信息

La1−x Sr x MnO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation from diethylene glycol solution. Features of synthesis were studied using 1Н, 13С, 139La nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) investigations. The obtained results showed that the complexation reaction between diethylene glycol and metal cations takes place during the synthesis. These complexes decomposed at 200 °C and an amorphous precursor (La,Sr)MnO3 was formed. According to X-ray results, the crystallization of the perovskite structure began at 600 °C and finished at 800 °C. Microstructural studies showed that obtained nanoparticles are weakly agglomerated and have small sizes. Based on these nanoparticles, magnetic fluid was prepared which was effectively heated under an alternating magnetic field.

关键词： manganite perovskite precipitation complexation reaction diethylene glycol nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)

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Studies on the Interaction of 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid and diethylene glycol

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 1993年第4期9卷 317-323页

作者： ZHAO Yu-sheng, HUA Shi-ying , WU Tong-hao and WEI Quan (Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023) Worked in Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun.

The homogeneous system of 12-tungstophosphoric acid and diethylene glycol was studied using IR and NMR spectra. It was found that the protons in 12-tungstophosphoric acid formed proton oxonium ions with the hydroxyl oxygen in diethylene glycol by hydrogen-bonds, and the formed proton oxonium ions could react with the terminal oxygens of heteropoly anions. The dehydration-cyclization mechanism of diethylene glycol in the presence of heteropoly acid was also proposed.

关键词： IR NMR diethylene glycol Proton oxonium ions

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Osmol gap method for the detection of diethylene glycol in human serum

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2010年第2期1卷 104-107页

作者： Michael G Holland Jamie Nelsen Thomas G Rosano Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical University/Upstate New York Poison Center Syracuse New York/Department of Occupational Medicine Glens Fall Hospital Glens Falls New York U S.A Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Albany Medical Center Hospital and College Albany New York USA

BACKGROUND:Measurement of the osmol gap (OG) is a technique that is used frequently in toxic alcohol poisonings (ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol) as a rapid means to estimate exposure, and can be performed in virtually all hospital laboratories. The value of the OG has not been previously evaluated for diethylene glycol (DEG) exposures. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the OG in estimating DEG serum concentrations using the most common formula that is currently used for estimating methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol concentrations.;METHODS:This was a controlled laboratory investigation using serum samples individually spiked with a known quantity of toxic alcohol compared to no toxic alcohol. Test samples were spiked with ethanol, DEG, EG, and methanol. Serum chemistries and osmolality and osmolarity were determined, and the OG was determined for each specimen.;RESULTS:The percent error of estimating DEG concentrations of 26.3% was similar to the mean percent error for estimating other alcohol concentrations, 30.5%±5.6% (P>0.05, 95% confidence interval 16.7%-44.3%).;CONCLUSIONS:The severity of metabolic effects associated with DEG and the need to appropriately determine rescue treatments mandate early detection of significant exposures for effective triage and patient management. Our results indicate that the percent error of the osmol gap method for estimating DEG concentration is similar to that of other toxic alcohols; this simple technique could be a valuable clinical tool, since quantitative DEG analysis is rarely available.

关键词： diethylene glycol Metabolic acidosis Osmol gap

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