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detection of biosignatures in Terrestrial analogs of Martian regions:Strategical and technical assessments

Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第5期6卷 431-450页

作者： JianXun Shen Yan Chen Yu Sun Li Liu YongXin Pan Wei Lin Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

For decades, the search for potential signs of Martian life has attracted strong international interest and has led to significant planning and scientific implementation. Clearly, in order to detect potential life signals beyond Earth, fundamental questions, such as how to define such terms as “life” and “biosignature”, have been given considerable attention. Due to the high costs of direct exploration of Mars, Mars-like regions on Earth have been invaluable targets for astrobiological research, places where scientists could practice the search for “biosignatures” and refine ways to detect them. This review summarizes scientific instrumental techniques that have resulted from this work. Instruments must necessarily be our “eyes” and “hands” as we attempt to identify and quantify biosignatures on *** devices that can be applied in astrobiology include mass spectrometers and electromagnetic-spectrum-based spectrometers,redox potential indicators, circular dichroism polarimeters, in situ nucleic acid sequencers, life isolation/cultivation systems, and *** devices and how to interpret the data they collect have been tested in Mars-analog extreme environments on Earth to validate their practicality on Mars. To anticipate the challenges of instrumental detection of biosignatures through the full evolutionary history of Mars, Terrestrial Mars analogs are divided into four major categories according to their similarities to different Martian geological periods(the Early-Middle Noachian Period, the Late Noachian-Early Hesperian Period, the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian Period, and the Middle-Late Amazonian Period). Future missions are suggested that would focus more intensively on Mars’ Southern Hemisphere, once landing issues there are solved by advances in spacecraft engineering, since exploration of these early terrains will permit investigations covering a wider continuum of the shifting habitability of Mars through its geological history. Finally,

关键词： biosignature detection framework extraterrestrial life evolutionary history of Mars field trial instrument Mars analog

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DISTINIT:Data poISoning atTacks dectectIon usiNg optIized jaCcard disTance

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期 4559-4576页

作者： Maria Sameen Seong Oun Hwang Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam-si13120Korea Department of Computer Engineering Gachon UniversitySeongnam-si13120Korea

Machine Learning(ML)systems often involve a re-training process to make better predictions and *** re-training process creates a loophole and poses a security threat for ML *** leverage this loophole and design data poisoning attacks against ML *** poisoning attacks are a type of attack in which an adversary manipulates the training dataset to degrade the ML system’s *** poisoning attacks are challenging to detect,and even more difficult to respond to,particularly in the Internet of Things(IoT)*** address this problem,we proposed DISTINIT,the first proactive data poisoning attack detection framework using *** found that Jaccard Distance(JD)can be used in the DISTINIT(among other distance measures)and we finally improved the JD to attain an Optimized JD(OJD)with lower time and space *** security analysis shows that the DISTINIT is secure against data poisoning attacks by considering key features of adversarial *** conclude that the proposed OJD-based DISTINIT is effective and efficient against data poisoning attacks where in-time detection is critical for IoT applications with large volumes of streaming data.

关键词： Data poisoning attacks detection framework jaccard distance(JD) optimized jaccard distance(OJD) security analysis

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