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The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in an Apparently Healthy, Normotensive and Non-Diabetic Population in Saudi Arabia by Two definitions: Implications for Local Practice

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2013年第1期3卷 18-24页

作者： Suhad M. Bahijri Rajaa M. Al Raddadi Hanan Jambi Mohammad-Nabeel A. Alaama Gordon Ferns Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Objectives: We aimed to 1) investigate the prevalence of MS in apparently healthy, non-hypertensive non-diabetic individuals living in Jeddah using the IDF and the NCEP-ATP III criteria to test for agreement in classification, and to determine the characteristics of subjects identified by either definition, and 2) examine the significance of family medical history and life style habits. Methods: 557 apparently healthy individuals aged 18 - 50 y were randomly approached in Jeddah health centres. 412 agreed to participate, while 55 were excluded because they were found to be frankly hypertensive and/or diabetic. Finally, 357 apparently healthy subjects with no hypertension or diabetes were fully studied. Anthropometric and demographic information were collected. Insulin, glucose, and lipid profile were obtained in fasting blood samples. Individuals were identified using the two definitions of metabolic syndrome, and their characteristics were compared statistically to the rest of the population. Results: Of the 233 subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria, 44 and 39 (18.9% and 16.7%) were identified as having MS by the IDF or ATPIII definitions, respectively. The most common characteristic was central obesity using the IDF definition, and low HDL-cholesterol using the NCEP-ATP III definition. As expected from our exclusion criteria, the least common feature was high blood pressure in both cases. There was no significant difference between subgroups with and without MS with regard to smoking, exercise, and family history of disease. Regression analysis indicated the strongest predictors of MS were: blood glucose, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and plasma insulin using the NCEP-ATPIII definition, and blood glucose, Waist /Hip ratio and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) using the IDF definition. Conclusions: In the absence of local cut-off thresholds for waist circumference, subjects might escape diagnosis using the IDF definition. The use of waist/Hip ratio, LDL-C: HDL-C, PAI and cir

关键词： definitions Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Healthy Subjects Lifestyle

Partial Formalization: An Approach for Critical Analysis of definitions and Methods Used in Bulk Extraction-Based Molecular Microbial Ecology

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Open Journal of Ecology 2015年第8期5卷 400-407页

作者： Donald A. Klein Department of Microbiology Immunology and Pathology Campus Delivery Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA

Partial formalization, which involves the development of deductive connections among statements, can be used to examine assumptions, definitions and related methodologies that are used in science. This approach has been applied to the study of nucleic acids recovered from natural microbial assemblages (NMA) by the use of bulk extraction. Six pools of bulk-extractable nucleic acids (BENA) are suggested to be present in a NMA: (pool 1) inactive microbes (abiotic-limited);(pool 2) inactive microbes (abiotic permissive, biotic-limited);(pool 3) dormant microbes (abiotic permissive, biotic-limited, but can become biotic permissive);(pool 4) in situ active microbes (the microbial community);(pool 5) viruses (virocells/virions/cryptic viral genomes);and (pool 6) extracellular nucleic acids including extracellular DNA (eDNA). definitions for cells, the microbial community (in situ active cells), the rare biosphere, dormant cells (the microbial seed bank), viruses (virocells/virions/cryptic viral genomic), and diversity are presented, together with methodology suggested to allow their study. The word diversity will require at least 4 definitions, each involving a different methodology. These suggested definitions and methodologies should make it possible to make further advances in bulk extraction-based molecular microbial ecology.

关键词： Abiotic Envelope Baas Becking Biotic Envelope Bulk Extraction Cells Community definitions Dormancy Methodology Microbial Diversity Microbial Seed Bank Natural Microbial Assemblages Partial Formalization Rare Biosphere

Analysis on definitions Related to Participation in Social Forestry

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Forestry and Society Newsletter 1997年第1期 5-6页

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙTXＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉ... 详细信息

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙTXＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＤｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏＰａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎＳｏｃｉａｌＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＢｙＺｕｏＴｉ...

关键词： Participation to Social Forestry Related Analysis definitions

Comparision of different periodontitis definitions and degrees:analysis of a never-treated population in rural area

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Comparision of different periodontitis definitions and degre...

General definitions of Consonants and Vowels

中华口腔医学会第14次全国口腔医学学术会议（2012年会）

作者： M.D Pei Xiyan Supervisor:Prof Ouyang Xiangying Clinical Prof He Lu Department of Periodontology,School of Stomatology,Peking University

Aim:The purpose of the present study was to compare different periodontitis definitions and degrees in a never-treated population in rural area with poor oral hygiene habits. Material and Methods:The study included 486 persons in the rural area of Chengde. Probing depth(PD),Clinical attachment level(CAL),Gingival recession(RE)and Modified bleeding index(MBI)were assessed at six sites per tooth of two selected random quadrants,either the upper right and lower left,or the upper left and lower right except third molars at baseline(1992)and re-evaluated four years later(1996). Finally,413 persons were enrolled in both *** definition proposed by Page 2012 was determined to be the reference *** 12 periodontitis definitions and 6 periodontitis degrees were compared with the reference standard. Evaluate the prevalence rate of periodontitis during the four years. Results: *** different periodontal definitions,prevalence rates of periodontitis greatly varied from 3.91%to 99.79%. *** different criteria for periodontal degree,prevalence rates of periodontitis varied *** periodontal degree proposed by Tonetti was in two levels (level 1 and level 2),while other five degrees were in three levels(mild, moderate,severe).Overall,none of the six criteria for degrees were much similar with the reference criteria. *** advised a new case definition of periodontitis combining the three key variables of CAL,PD and bleeding on probinig:at least one site showing PD≥4mm,CAL≥2mm and BOP(+).The prevalence rate of periodontitis was 65.23%.When BOP could not be got,we suggested the new definition of periodontitis combining the PD and CAL:at least one site showing PD≥4mm and CAL≥*** PD could not be got,we suggested the new definition of periodontitis combining the CAL and BOP:at least one site showing CAL≥3mm and BOP(+).The prevalence rates of periodontitis were 64.61%and 66.46%.Only using of unique PD or CAL might cause great *** prevalence rates were

关键词： periodontitis definitions

来源： cnki会议评论

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新东方英语（中学版） 2019年第5期 116-116页

作者： Yangfan Li The University of Leeds the United KingdomLS2 9JT

This article discusses the definitions,classifications and features of consonants and vowels by listing different varieties of languages as examples.

关键词： consonants vowels definitions

Unified solutions for stresses and displacements around circular tunnels using the Unified Strength Theory

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 1694-1699页

作者： ZHANG ChangGuang1,WANG JiangFeng2 & ZHAO JunHai3 1 Department of Geotechnical Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China 2 North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Zhengzhou 450011,China 3 School of Civil Engineering,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710061,China 1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China2. North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Zhengzhou 450011 China3. School of Civil Engineering Chang’an University Xi’an 710061 China

The unified solutions are presented for stresses and displacements around a circular tunnel subjected to a hydrostatic stress *** rock mass is assumed to be elastic-brittle-plastic and governed by the Unified Strength *** displacements are obtained accounting for three different definitions for elastic strains and different Young's modulus in the plastic *** unified solutions obtained in this paper are especially versatile in reflecting the intermediate principal stress effect to different extents for different *** conventional solutions,based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the Generalized Twin Shear Stress yield criterion,are special cases of the present unified *** new unified solutions can compare with those computed by the latest generalized Hoek-Brown failure *** results obtained demonstrate the importance of the intermediate principal stress influence for the stresses and displacements *** effects of different definitions for elastic strains and different Young's modulus in the plastic zone on the displacements are significant.

关键词： Unified Strength Theory intermediate principal stress different definitions for elastic strains different Young’s modulus

Words of the Editor-in-Chief——some ideas about the comments and discussions of hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第3期8卷 301-305页

作者： Zeng-Zhao Feng China University of Petroleum(Beijing)

I basically agree with the viewpoints of Shanmugam(Journal of Palaeogeography 7(3):197-238,2018)and Zavala(Journal of Palaeogeog raphy 8(3):306-313,2019)who cited,refined and interpreted the definitions of hypopycnal flow,homopycnal flow and hyperpycnal flow.I appreciate two typical case studies of hyperpycnal flows induced by the Yellow River and Yangtze River,and the Gaoping *** former is a normal type while the latter is *** make up a complete knowledge about hyperpycnal flows and *** to the interpretation of the word "hyperpycnal" from Greek to English,the "hypopycnal flow" should be "less density flow" or "lower density flow"("低密度流"),the "homopycnal flow" should be "equal density flow"("等密度流"),and the"hyperpycnal flow" should be "higher density flow" or "over density flow"("高密度流" or "超密度流").Some geologists called the "hypopycnal flow" as "异轻流"("abnormally light flow")and called the "hyperpycnal flow" as"异重流"("abnormally heavy flow").There are at least more than 10 names or terms about the "density flows" and the "deposits of density flows".It is a problem *** addition,the density could be changed by salinity,temperature and pressure of ***,the term "density flow" may be problematic *** problem is that reliable and irrefutable identification markers of ancient heperpycnites are *** should observe the policy of "A hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" to discuss these problems and to promote progress and development of hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites.

关键词： Hyperpycnal flows Hyperpycnites Density flows definitions and names of density flows and their deposits Identification markers of an cient hyperpycnites A hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend

Manifestations and outcomes of leptospirosis during local outbreaks in high endemic districts of Sri Lanka: A retrospective multi-center study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第10期12卷 442-449页

作者： Thilini Nisansala Kanchana Bandara Manjula Weerasekera Chinthika Gunasekara Chamil Marasinghe Chandika D.Gamage Neluka Fernando Nilantha Ranasinghe Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraSri Lanka Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Allied Health SciencesGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversitySri Lanka Department of Medicine Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraSri Lanka Department of Microbiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of PeradeniyaSri Lanka Base Hospital PanaduraSri Lanka

Objective:To determine the clinical presentations and disease outcomes of suspected and confirmed cases of leptospirosis from 3 high endemic districts of Sri Lanka,during outbreaks reported between 2013 and ***:The retrospective multi-center study was carried out during 2013-2017 in 5 selected hospitals representing 3 high endemic districts in Sri *** suspected leptospirosis patients were recruited according to the Communicable Disease Epidemiology Profile Sri Lanka,*** was confirmed by either single microscopic agglutination test titre 1:400 or by positive polymerase chain reaction(PCR)test ***:Out of 372 clinically suspected cases,29.00%were confirmed as leptospirosis cases by either microscopic agglutination test(50.00%)or positive polymerase chain reaction(52.77%)and 12.90%were presumptively identified as *** symptoms(headache,vomiting,jaundice and dyspnoea)and variations in haematological parameters(haemoglobin,platelet count)and biochemical parameters(serum creatinine,serum urea,serum bilirubin and C-reactive protein)were associated with confirmed leptospirosis(P<0.05).Acute kidney injury,meningitis,myocarditis,pulmonary haemorrhage and acute liver failure was seen among 21.30%,12.04%,6.48%,6.48%,5.56%,respectively with 4.63%fatality among the leptospirosis confirmed *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the case definition of Ministry of Health,Sri Lanka were 96.29%,9.09%,31.13%and 85.71%,respectively,when benchmarked against either positive polymerase chain reaction or microscopic agglutination test as the gold ***:Acute kidney injury is the predominant complication observed among the leptospirosis confirmed ***,pulmonary haemorrhage is predominantly associated with *** case definition of Ministry of Health,Sri Lanka is found to have higher sensitivity and enabled the screening of all probable cas

关键词： Case definitions Diagnosis Leptospirosis Sri Lanka

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成功老化内涵及影响因素分析