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Ethylene Signaling in Rice and Arabidopsis： Conserved and Diverged Aspects

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Molecular Plant 2015年第4期8卷 495-505页

作者： Chao Yang Xiang Lu Biao Ma Shou-Yi Chen Jin-Song Zhang State Key Lab of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Ethylene as a gas phytohormone plays significant roles in the whole life cycle of plants, ranging from growth and development to stress responses. A linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis. However, the ethylene signaling mechanism in monocotyledonous plants such as rice is largely unclear. In this review, We compare the ethylene response phenotypes of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis, rice, and other monocotyledonous plants （maize, wheat, sorghum, and Brachypodium distachyon） and pinpoint that rice has a distinct phenotype of root inhibition but coleoptile promotion in etiolated seedlings upon ethylene treatment. We further summarize the homologous genes of Arabidopsis ethylene signaling components in these monocotyledonous plants and discuss recent progress. Although conserved in most aspects, ethylene signaling in rice has evolved new features compared with that in Arabidopsis. These analyses provide novel insights into the understanding of ethylene signaling in the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis and monocotyledonous plants, particularly rice. Further characterization of rice ethylene-responsive mutants and their corresponding genes will help us better understand the whole picture of ethylene signaling mechanisms in plants.

关键词： ethylene response signaling Arabidopsis rice monocotyledonous plants crosstalk

Multimode-interference-based crossing for metal-insulator-metal waveguides

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第3期15卷 97-100页

作者：买威洁崔鲁娜于丽 State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China School of Science Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

We report a waveguide crossing based on a multimode-interference （MMI） structure for metal-insulator-metal （MIM） waveguides. The MMI-based crossing comprises two orthogonal intersecting MMI waveguides that are connected to the single-mode input/output waveguide symmetrically. Single self-images are formed at the cross- ing center and output plane of the MMI waveguide, thereby mitigating the crosstalk and improving the through- put. The characteristics of the proposed MMI-based crossing are investigated with the finite element method of Comsol Multiphysics. The results show that the throughput reaches -1.8 dB and the crosstalk is less than -46 dB at the wavelength of 1550 nm.

关键词： crosstalk Finite element method Metal insulator boundaries Metals Semiconductor insulator boundaries Waveguides

Van der Waals two-color infrared detection

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第2期11卷 156-156页

作者： Piotr Martyniuk Antoni Rogalski Institute of Applied Physics Military University of Technology2 Kaliskiego StreetWarsaw 00-908Poland

Two-color infrared detection technology realizes target recognition in a complex environment by using the multispectral characteristics of the target.In the last decade,several papers have announced the usefulness of the 2D materials for high operating temperature photodetectors covering infrared spectral regions.Researchers from Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,and Fudan University demonstrated an uncooled two-color infrared photodetector based on van der Waals heterojunction.This two-color photodetector can detect near-infrared and mid-wave infrared at the same time,and with ultra-low crosstalk,it realizes spectral blackbody detection with temporal and spatial coherence.Its room temperature operating ability greatly reduces the volume,weight,and power consumption of the detection components,and demonstrates the application prospects of van der Waals heterostructures in the miniaturized and intelligent photodetection systems.

关键词： heterojunction crosstalk spectral

Pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and exosomes-the incentive push

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第26期22卷 5971-6007页

作者： Sarah Heiler Zhe Wang Margot Zoller Tumor Cell Biology University Hospital of SurgeryD 69120 HeidelbergGermany

Pancreatic cancer(Pa Ca) has the highest death rate and incidence is increasing. Poor prognosis is due to late diagnosis and early metastatic spread, which is ascribed to a minor population of so called cancer stem cells(CSC) within the mass of the primary tumor. CSC are defined by biological features, which they share with adult stem cells like longevity, rare cell division, the capacity for self renewal, differentiation, drug resistance and the requirement for a niche. CSC can also be identified by sets of markers, which for pancreatic CSC(Pa-CSC) include CD44v6, c-Met, Tspan8, alpha6beta4, CXCR4, CD133, Ep CAM and claudin7. The functional relevance of CSC markers is still disputed. We hypothesize that Pa-CSC markers play a decisive role in tumor progression. This is fostered by the location in glycolipid-enriched membrane domains, which function as signaling platform and support connectivity of the individual Pa-CSC markers. Outsidein signaling supports apoptosis resistance, stem cell gene expression and tumor suppressor gene repression as well as mi RNA transcription and silencing. Pa-CSC markers also contribute to motility and invasiveness. By ligand binding host cells are triggered towards creating a milieu supporting Pa-CSC maintenance. Furthermore, CSC markers contribute to the generation, loading and delivery of exosomes, whereby CSC gain the capacity for a cell-cell contact independent crosstalk with the host and neighboring non-CSC. This allows PaCSC exosomes(TEX) to reprogram neighboring nonCSC towards epithelial mesenchymal transition and to stimulate host cells towards preparing a niche for metastasizing tumor cells. Finally, TEX communicate with the matrix to support tumor cell motility, invasion and homing. We will discuss the possibility that CSC markers are the initial trigger for these processes and what is the special contribution of CSC-TEX.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Cancer stem cells Stem cell markers Exosomes crosstalk

Ultra-compact silicon-arrayed waveguide grating routers for optical interconnect systems

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第3期15卷 74-77页

作者：宋广益邹俊何建军 State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Zhejiang University College of Science Zhejiang University of Technology

We present compact silicon-arrayed waveguide grating routers （AWGRs） with three different channel spacings of 20, 6.4, and 3.2 nm for optical interconnect systems. The AWGR with the 20 nm channel spacing shows a low loss of 2.5 dB and a low crosstalk of -20 dB and has a footprint of only 0.27 mm× 0.19 mm. The AWGR with the channel spacing of 6.4 nm has loss ranging from 3 to 8 dB, and the crosstalk is -18 dB. As for the 3.2 nm channel spacing, the loss is about 4 dB, and the crosstalk is -12 dB.

关键词： crosstalk Optical interconnects Optical waveguides Waveguides

Short-Term and Continuing Stresses Differentially Interplay with Multiple Hormones to Regulate Plant Survival and Growth

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Molecular Plant 2014年第5期7卷 841-855页

作者： Cangjing Yang Jingjing Liu Xinran Dong Zhenying Cai Weidong Tian Xuelu Wang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 RR. China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering Institute of Biostatistics School of Life Science Fudan University 220 Handan Rd Shanghai 2004333 RR. China

The stress phytohormone, abscisic acid （ABA）, plays important roles in facilitating plants to survive and grow well under a wide range of stress conditions. Previous gene expression studies mainly focused on plant responses to short-term ABA treatment, but the effect of sustained ABA treatment and their difference are poorly studied. Here, we treated plants with ABA for 1 h or 9 d, and our genome-wide analysis indicated the differentially regulated genes under the two conditions were tremendously different. We analyzed other hormones＇ signaling changes by using their whole sets of known responsive genes as reporters and integrating feedback regulation of their biosynthesis. We found that, under short-term ABA treatment, signaling outputs of growth-promoting hormones, brassinosteroids and gibberellins, and a biotic stress-responsive hormone, jasmonic acid, were significantly inhibited, while auxin and ethylene signaling outputs were promoted. However, sustained ABA treatment repressed cytokinin and gibberellin signaling, but stimu- lated auxin signaling. Using several sets of hormone-related mutants, we found candidates in corresponding hormonal signaling pathways, including receptors or transcription regulators, are essential in responding to ABA. Our findings indicate interactions of ABA-dependent stress signals with hormones at different levels are involved in plants to survive under transient stress and to adapt to continuing stressful environments.

关键词： abscisic acid crosstalk short-term stress continuing stress phytohormone survival and growth.

Improvement of plant abiotic stress tolerance through modulation of the polyamine pathway

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第2期56卷 114-121页

作者： Haitao Shi Zhulong Chan Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Wuhan Botanical Gardenthe Chinese Academy of Sciences

Polyamines （mainly putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd）, and spermine （Spin）） have been widely found in a range of physiological processes and in almost all diverse environ- mental stresses. In various plant species, abiotic stresses modulated the accumulation of polyamines and related gene expression. Studies using loss-of-function mutants and transgenic overexpression plants modulating polyamine metabolic pathways confirmed protective roles of polyamines during plant abiotic stress responses, and indicated the possibility to improve plant tolerance through genetic manipulation of the polyamine pathway. Additionally, puta- tive mechanisms of polyamines involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance were thoroughly discussed and crosstalks among polyamine, abscisic acid, and nitric oxide in plant responses to abiotic stress were emphasized. Special attention was paid to the interaction between polyamine and reactive oxygen species, ion channels, amino acid and carbon metabolism, and other adaptive responses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the polyamine signaling pathway, especially polyamine-regulated downstream tar- gets and the connections between polyamines and other stress responsive molecules.

关键词： Abiotic stress crosstalk polyamine polyamine metabolic pathway transgenic plants

Superimposed orbital angular momentum mode of multiple Hankel–Bessel beam propagation in anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence

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Chinese Optics Letters 2016年第8期14卷 6-11页

作者：武光辉童创明程明建彭鹏 Air and Missile Defense College Air Force Engineering UniversityXi'an 710051China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves Nanjing 210096China School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi'an 710071China

Mathematical models for the superimposed orbital angular momentum （OAM） mode of multiple Hankel-Bessel （HB） beams in anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence are developed. The effects of anisotropic turbulence and source parameters on the mode detection spectrum of the superimposed OAM mode are analyzed. Anisotropic characteristics of the turbulence in the free atmosphere can enhance the performance of OAM-based communi- cation. The HB beam is a good source for mitigating the turbulence effects due to its nondiffraction and self-focusing properties. Turbulence effects on the superimposed OAM mode can be effectively reduced by the ap- propriate allocation of OAM modes at the transmitter based on the reciprocal features of the mode cross talk.

关键词： Angular momentum Anisotropy crosstalk Electromagnetic wave propagation Turbulence models

Full-duplex transmission of IEEE 802.11ac-compliant MIMO WLAN signals over a 2-km 7-core fiber

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Chinese Optics Letters 2017年第1期15卷 50-54页

作者：樊宇婷李建强雷艺唐明尹飞飞戴一堂徐坤 State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Wuhan National lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a full-duplex transmission system of IEEE 802.11ac-compliant multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） signals over a 2-kin 7-core fiber for in-building wireless local-area net- work （WLAN） distributed antenna systems. For full-duplex 3 x 3 MIMO demonstration, the crosstalk impacts of both fiber-transmission-only and optic-wireless transmission situation are evaluated. The results indicate that the impact of crosstalk on radio-over-fiber （ROF） link performance is not significant and the quality of the cascaded multi-core fiber and wireless channel is mainly determined by the wireless part. To further improve the system capacity, polarization multiplexing （PolMux） technology is employed to achieve a full-duplex 6 × 6 MIMO over a single 7-core fiber. Although employing the PolMux method will slightly decrease the EVM and condition number performance as opposed to a non-PolMux MCF system, it is still a competitive solution in large optical connection demand scenarios that require a low cost.

关键词： Channel capacity crosstalk Fibers Number theory Optical communication Radio over fiber Wireless local area networks (WLAN)