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Minipig model for the study of voiding parameters in the conscious state and natural posture:normal urodynamic profiles

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Chinese Medical Journal 1998年第9期 64-69页

作者：关志忱

Ｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅ，ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｕｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｉｎｔｈｅｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｄｅｔｒｕｓｏｒｒｅｍａｉｎｔｏｂｅｆｕｌｙｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｄ．Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃ... 详细信息

Ｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒｅ，ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆｕｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｉｎｔｈｅｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｄｅｔｒｕｓｏｒｒｅｍａｉｎｔｏｂｅｆｕｌｙｅｖａｌｕａｔｅｄ．Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｓｐａｒｔｌｙｓｌｏｗｅｄｂｙ...

关键词： conscious

Low-dose morphine elicits ventilatory excitant and depressant responses in conscious rats: Role of peripheral <i>µ</i>-opioid receptors

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Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology 2013年第3期3卷 111-124页

作者： Fraser Henderson Jr. Walter J. May Ryan B. Gruber Alex P. Young Lisa A. Palmer Benjamin Gaston Stephen J. Lewis Pediatric Respiratory Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville USA Division of Biology Galleon Pharmaceuticals Horsham USA Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University Cleveland USA

The systemic administration of morphine affects ventilation via a mixture of central and peripheral actions. The aims of this study were to characterize the ventilatory responses elicited by a low dose of morphine in conscious rats;to determine whether tolerance develops to these responses;and to determine the potential roles of peripheral μ-opioid receptors (μ-ORs) in these responses. Ventilatory parameters were monitored via unrestrained whole-body plethysmography. conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats received an intravenous injection of vehicle or the peripherally-restricted μ-OR antagonist, naloxone methiodide (NLXmi), and then three successive injections of morphine (1 mg/kg) given 30 min apart. The first injection of morphine in vehicle-treated rats elicited an array of ventilatory excitant (i.e., increases in frequency of breathing, minute volume, respiratory drive, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, accompanied by decreases in inspiratory time and end inspiratory pause) and inhibitory (i.e., a decrease in tidal volume and an increase in expiratory time) responses. Subsequent injections of morphine elicited progressively and substantially smaller responses. The pattern of ventilatory responses elicited by the first injection of morphine was substantially affected by pretreatment with NLXmi whereas NLXmi minimally affected the development of tolerance to these responses. Low-dose morphine elicits an array of ventilatory excitant and depressant effects in conscious rats that are subject to the development of tolerance. Many of these initial actions of morphine appear to involve activation of peripheral μ-ORs whereas the development of tolerance to these responses does not.

关键词： Morphine Minute Ventilation Tolerance Peripheral and Central Opioid Receptors conscious Rats

conscious, Explicit Memory, Implicit Memory, and Instincts as the Four-Component Mind for the Mental Origins of Psychotherapy and Personality

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2020年第11期10卷 471-516页

作者： Dingyu Chung Utica MI USA

This paper proposes that conscious, explicit memory, implicit memory, and instincts constitute the four-component mind for the mental origins of psychotherapy and personality. The mental origin of the personality theories including the big five personality traits, the MBTI, the social style model, the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, and the Schwartz’s theory of basic human values is from the unconscious instincts (the six social and three mental protective instincts). The three mental protective instincts that contain the three instinctive countermeasures against the three adversities are hyperactivity countermeasure against danger, phobia countermeasure against unfamiliarity-uncertainty, and comforter countermeasure against hardship. Each countermeasure is regulated (moderated) by a regulator to minimize overactive countermeasure as physical regulator to minimize overactive immunity in physical immune system. Severe adversities and ineffective regulators over-activate protective countermeasures to generate overactive countermeasures as overactive hyperactivity, overactive phobia, and overactive comforter, corresponding to dramatic-impulsive cluster, anxious-fearful cluster, and odd-eccentric cluster, respectively for personality-mental disorders in the DSM-5. Such disordered behavioral habits are stored in unconscious implicit memory which generates disordered thought patterns in pre-conscious explicit memory. For psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) normalizes disordered thought patterns in explicit memory to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory in implicit memory through the repetitive training in normalizing thought patterns, feelings, and behaviors. For psychotherapy, mindfulness meditation strengthens conscious attention (working memory) to normalize disordered behavioral habit memory through the repetitive training in directing conscious attention to the breath or body. In conclusion, the mental origin of personality-mental disorders is from the overactive mental protective instincts.

关键词： conscious Explicit Memory Implicit Memory Instincts Mind Psychotherapy Personality

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with conscious sedation does not interfere with catheter-based 24-h pH monitoring

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1805-1810页

作者： Yung-Kuan Tsou Jau-Min Lien Chin-Kuo Chen Cheng-Hui Lin Hsing-Yu Chen Mu-Shien Lee Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan 333Taiwan Department of Otolaryngology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan 333Taiwan Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung University College of MedicineTaoyuan 333Taiwan

AIM:To investigate the impact of esophagogastroduodenoscopy with conscious sedation on the subsequent 24-h catheter-based pH monitoring.METHODS:Fifty patients with extra-esophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease undergoing ambulatory dual-probe 24-h pH monitoring were enrolled from March 2010 to August 2011.All of the data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-six patients(72%,group A) underwent pH monitoring shortly after esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) with conscious sedation,and 14 patients(28%,group B) underwent pH monitoring without conscious sedation.The 24-h pH data from two time periods were analyzed:the first 4 h(Period Ⅰ) and the remaining time of the study(Period Ⅱ).RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 12.5 years;20 patients(40%) were men.The baseline data,including age,sex,body mass index,reflux esophagitis,the Reflux Symptom Index,and the Reflux Findings Score,were comparable between the two groups.The percentage of total time with a pH conscious sedation does not interfere with the results of subsequent 24-h pH monitoring in patients with extra-esophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

关键词： Esophagogastroduodenoscopy conscious sedation pH monitoring Gastroesophageal reflux disease Extraesophageal symptoms

conscious Sedation and Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in a Patient with Difficult Mask Ventilation—A Case Report

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2015年第9期5卷 206-210页

作者： Bidur Kumar Baral Susumu Ide Masahiro Uzawa Kenkichi Kiyosawa Hiroyuki Sasaki Mikito Kawamata Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Japan Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Norvic International Hospital Kathmandu Nepal Department of Radiology Shinshu University Hospital Matsumoto Japan

Since maxillofacial malignancy is a common cause of facial defects and disfigurement of the face that may make fitting of a mask difficult and cause air leakage from the side, thus making mask ventilation difficult. In addition, distorted anatomy of the airway and base of the skull in such patients may cause difficult intubation (DI). We experienced a case with a huge facial defect due to maxillary carcinoma, in which difficult mask ventilation (DMV) and DI were predicted. After evaluation by three-dimensional airway computed tomography, the airway was secured with conscious sedation using dexmedetomidine, and awake fiberoptic intubation was safely performed. Three-dimensional airway computed tomography seems to be a good tool for successful intubation when DMV and DI are predicted.

关键词： conscious Sedation Difficult Mask Ventilation Awake Fiberoptic Intubation

Subcutaneous Dissociative conscious Sedation (sDCS) an Alternative Method of Anesthesia for Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2015年第7期5卷 149-154页

作者： Mihan J. Javid Zoha Alinejad Asghar Hajipour Zahra Khazaeipour Department of Anesthesiology Imam Khomeini Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center Imam Khomeini Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

Objective: Current randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side effects of dissociative conscious sedation and conscious sedation in patients under bronchoscopy. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 110 patients scheduled for Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy in a training hospital in 2012 were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either SC ketamine plus IV fentanyl (dissociative conscious sedation) or placebo plus IV fentanyl (conscious sedation) and the efficacy and side effects were assessed and compared. Results: There was significant difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in two groups and more stability was shown in dissociative conscious sedation group (P conscious sedation group (P conscious Sedation (sDCS) in comparison to conscious Sedation is significantly more efficient accompanied by less side effects in fiberoptic bronchoscopy and using this method is recommended. Implication of the Manuscript: The study was designed in order to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous Dissociative conscious Sedation (sDCS) Method in fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

关键词： Subcutaneous Dissociative conscious Sedation Ketamine Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy

conscious Creative Treason and Translators' Subjectivity in Literary Translation

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海外英语 2019年第3期 167-168页

作者：杨柳依依四川大学外国语学院

This paper centers on the development of translators’subjectivity by analyzing how conscious creative treason is appliedto literary translation. Based on one of the four patterns of manifestation for conscious creative treason intentional mistranslation, itis aimed to figure out dialectical unity relations between translators’subjectivity and conscious creative treason through the discus-sion on several typical cases.

关键词： conscious creative treason translators’subjectivity dialectical unity relations multi-cultural communication

A Nursing Case Report: The Laryngectomy Patient Secondary to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Pneumonia with conscious Disturbance

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Yangtze Medicine 2018年第3期2卷 146-153页

作者： Jing Geng Chen Li Department of Nursing Medical School of Yangtze University Jingzhou China The First Affiliated Hospital & The First School of Clinical Medicine Yangtze University Jingzhou China

The paper presents a description of the experience of the nursing for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia patient with partial laryngectomy. The nursing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, conscious disturbance, electrolyte disorder, affection supports and mental nursing was provided in the process of the postoperative treatment. Our experience may provide useful insight for the nursing of laryngectomy patients secondary to pneumonia with conscious disturbance. A deeper knowledge about improving the quality of clinic special nursing for the partial or total laryngectomy patient is necessary, with the development of modern medical technologies and medicine.

关键词： Laryngeal Carcinoma Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia conscious Disturbance Nursing

Visual Attributes of Subliminal Priming Images Impact conscious Perception of Facial Expressions

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第3期9卷 108-120页

作者： Melissa A. Huang Hsin-Mei Sun Lucia M. Vaina Brain & Vision Research Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston MA USA Department of Psychology College of St. Scholastica Duluth MN USA Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Department of Neurology Boston MA USA

We investigated, in young healthy participants, how the affective content of subliminally presented priming images and their specific visual attributes impacted conscious perception of facial expressions. The priming images were broadly categorized as aggressive, pleasant, or neutral and further subcategorized by the presence of a face and by the centricity (egocentric or allocentric vantage-point) of the image content. Participants responded to the emotion portrayed in a pixelated target-face by indicating via key-press if the expression was angry or neutral. Response time to the neutral target face was significantly slower when preceded by face primes, compared to non-face primes (p conscious perception of face expression.

关键词： Facial Expressions Visual Attributes conscious Perception