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Spatiotemporal variability of Methane over the Amazon from Satellite Observations

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2016年第7期33卷 852-864页

作者： Igor Oliveira RIBEIRO] Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de SOUZA Rita Valeria ANDREOLI Mary Toshie KAYANO Patrfcia dos Santos COSTA Post-Graduate Program in climate and Environment CLIAMBINPA/UEAAv.Andre Araujo2936Campus 11Aleixo69060-001ManausAMBrasil Amazonas State University Superior School of TechnologyAv.Darcy Vargas1200Parque 10 de Novembro69065-020ManausAMBrasil National Institute for Space Research Center For Weather Forecasting and Climate ResearchAv.dos Astronautas175812227-010Sao Josd dos CamposSPBrasil

The spatiotemporal variability of the greenhouse gas methane （CH4） in the atmosphere over the Amazon is studied using data from the space-borne measurements of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on board NASA＇s AQUA satellite for the period 2003-12. The results show a pronounced variability of this gas over the Amazon Basin lowlands region, where wetland areas occur. CH4 has a well-defined seasonal behavior, with a progressive increase of its concentration during the dry season, followed by a decrease during the wet season. Concerning this variability, the present study indicates the important role of ENSO in modulating the variability of CH4 emissions over the northern Amazon, where this association seems to be mostly linked to changes in flooded areas in response to ENSO-related precipitation changes. In this region, a CH4 decrease （increase） is due to the E1 Nifio-related （La Nifia-related） dryness （wetness）. On the other hand, an increase （decrease） in the biomass burning over the southeastern Amazon during very dry （wet） years explains the increase （decrease） in CH4 emissions in this region. The present analysis identifies the two main areas of the Amazon, its northern and southeastern sectors, with remarkable interannual variations of CH4. This result might be useful for future monitoring of the variations in the concentration of CH4, the second-most important greenhouse gas, in this area.

关键词： climate variability methane satellite data Amazon region

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Impacts of climate gradients on the vegetation phenology of major land use types in Central Asia （1981-2008）

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第2期6卷 206-225页

作者： Jahan KARIYEVA Willem J.D. van LEEUWEN Connie A. WOODHOUSE School of Geography and Development The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment - Office of Arid Lands Studies - Arizona Remote Sensing Center The University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA

Time-series of land surface phenology （LSP） data offer insights about vegetation growth patterns. They can be generated by exploiting the temporal and spectral reflectance properties of land surface components. Inter- annual and seasonal LSP data are important for under- standing and predicting an ecosystem＇s response to variations caused by natural and anthropogenic drivers. This research examines spatio-temporal change patterns and interactions between terrestrial phenology and 28 years of climate dynamics in Central Asia. Long-term （1981-2008） LSP records such as timing of the start, peak and length of the growing season and vegetation productivity were derived from remotely sensed vegetation greenness data. The patterns were analyzed to identify and characterize the impact of climate drivers at regional scales. We explored the relationships between phenologi- cal and precipitation and temperature variables for three generalized land use types that were exposed to decade- long regional drought events and intensified land and water resource use： rainfed agriculture, irrigated agriculture, and non-agriculture. To determine whether and how LSP dynamics are associated with climate patterns, a series of simple linear regression analyses between these two variables was executed. The three land use classes showed unique phenological responses to climate variation across Central Asia. Most of the phenological response variables were shown to be positively correlated to precipitation and negatively correlated to temperature. The most substantial climate variable affecting phenological responses of all three land use classes was a spring temperature regime. These results indicate that future higher temperatures would cause earlier and longer growing seasons.

关键词： phenology land use climate variability

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Numerical simulation of climate response to ultraviolet irradiation forcing

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Advances in climate Change Research 2019年第3期10卷 133-142页

作者： XIAO Zi-Niu DONG Shi ZHONG Qi State Key Laboratory o f Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute o f Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China

Using the Whole Atmosphere Community climate Model, sensitivity experiments are performed to identify the climate response to ultra violet (UV) irradiation forcing. In the experiment, total solar irradiance (TSI) and solar spectral irradiation (SSI) are adopted as solar input from the dataset (1610 2009) reconstructed by Lean. Results show that UV variability has a strong impact on the middle atmosphere. Ozone (0 3) distribution in the atmosphere is sensitive to UV irradiation variability. When UV irradiation is enhanced, the 0 3 content increases at altitudes from 30 km to 60 km and decreases at altitudes from 15 km to 30 km. The atmospheric temperature appears positive anomaly below the mesosphere. Anomalous warmth develops above 35 km with maximum warming anomaly apparent at the stratopause, consistent with the at mospheric distribution of 0 3, which indicates that the ozone heating mechanism plays an important role in wanning. The 0 3 and temperature respond in an opposite manner when the UV irradiation is reduced. Furthermore, the stronger UV forcing leads to a change in the temperature distribution because of the 0 3 heating mechanism. This condition then modulates the zonal wind in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. Although the tropospheric response is weak on a global scale, a notable local response occurs over mid high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) during winter. Along with the enhanced zonal wind in the lower stratosphere near the North Pole, the positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation pattern appears over the NH, which causes a temperature increase over mid-latitude Asia. Finally, the behavior evident in the reanalysis data is compared with the results of the numerical experiments. The similar structure of the response fields means the results of simulation experiment is credible to some extent.

关键词： Ultraviolet Ozone climate variability Numerical simulation

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A Preliminary Study on the Polar climate Predictability

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1999年第3期16卷 361-366页

作者：王会军 LASG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing

Studies have revealed that predictability of the atmospheric general circulation is generally high in the tropics throughout the year and that there is some predictability in the Northern extra-tropical winter atmospheric circulation through some patterns of tele connection. Predictability of the general circulation at the polar regions has still remained as a ‘ cold’ topic and little has been known about this question. Based on a preliminary study on the predictability by using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) general circulation model, it is found that the SST-related predictability of the Southern winter lower atmospheric circulation in Antarctica is reasonably high and that there is some predictability in the 500 hPa and 200 hPa geopotential height fields over Europe and the Okhotsk Sea region during the Northern winter. It is suggested that more researches on this issue based on data analysis and model simulations are needed to obtain better understanding.

关键词： Polar climate predictability El Nino climate variability

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Global Freshwater Storage Capability across Time Scales in the GRACE Satellite Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 905-917页

作者： Enda ZHU Xing YUAN Key Laboratory of Regional climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Hydrology and Water Resources Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Freshwater is recharged mainly by rainfall and stored inland for a period of time,which is directly affected by its storage capability.The storage capability of river basins has different spatiotemporal features that are important for the predictability of freshwater resources.However,the estimation of freshwater storage capability(FSC)remains a challenge due to the lack of observations and quantification indices.Here,we use a metric that characterizes hydrological“inertia”after rainfalls to analyze FSC over the 194 largest global major river basins based on satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and climate Experiment(GRACE)and simulations from the Community Land Model version 5(CLM5).During 2003–16,the global land was observed to retain 28%of precipitation after one month based on GRACE observations,and the simulation depicts that the retained proportions decrease from 42%after one day to 26%after one month,with smaller FSC partly attributed to wetter conditions and higher vegetation densities.The root zone contributes about 40%to the global land FSC on daily to monthly time scales.As the time scale increases,the contribution from the surface soil decreases from 26%to 14%,while the contribution from the deep soil increases from 4%to 10%.Snow contributes over 20%of land FSC,especially over high latitudes.With six decades of CLM5 long-term simulations,it is revealed that the change of FSC in most basins is related to internal climate variability.The FSC of river basins which displays the proportion of precipitation retained on land is worthy of further attention regarding the predictability of water resources.

关键词： freshwater GRACE land surface model soil moisture climate variability storage capability

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Differential changes in precipitation and runoff discharge during 1958–2017 in the headwater region of Yellow River of China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1401-1418页

作者： HOU Bingfei JIANG Chao SUN Osbert Jianxin School of Ecology and Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Institute of Forestry and climate Change Research Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Maintenance of steady streamflow is a critical attribute of the continental river systems for safeguarding downstream ecosystems and agricultural production.Global climate change imposes a potential risk to water supply from the headwater by changing the magnitude and frequency of precipitation and evapotranspiration in the region.To determine if and to what extent the recent climate changes affected streamflow in major river systems,we examined the pattern of temporal variations in precipitation,temperature,evapotranspiration and changes in runoff discharge during 1958–2017 in the headwater region of the Yellow River in northeastern Tibetan Plateau.We identified 1989 as the turning point for a statistically significant 14% reduction in streamflow discharge(P < 0.05) for the period 1989–2017 compared with 1958–1988,approximately coinciding with changes in the monthly distribution but not the interannual variations of precipitation,and detected a mismatch between precipitation and runoff after 2000.Both annual precipitation and runoff discharge displayed fourand eight-year cyclic patterns of changes for the period 1958–1988,and a six-year cyclic pattern of changes for the period 1989–2017,with two intensified two-year cyclic patterns in the changes of precipitation and a three-year cyclic pattern in the change of runoff further detected for the later period.Our results indicate that the temporal changes in runoff are not strictly consistent with the temporal variations of precipitation in the headwater region of Yellow River during the period 1958–2017.In particular,a full recovery in annual precipitation was not reflected in a full recovery in runoff toward the end of the study period.While a review of literature yielded no apparent evidence of raised evapotranspiration in the region due to recent warming,we draw attention to increased local retention of rainwater as a possible explanation of differential changes in precipitation and runoff.

关键词： drought climate variability precipitation-runoff relationship headwater region of Yellow River

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On the ENSO Mechanisms

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2001年第5期18卷 674-691页

作者： Chunzai Wang Physical Oceanography Division NOAA Atiantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryMiamiFloridaU.S.A.

The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an interannual phenomenon involved in the tropical Paci- fic Ocean-atmosphere interactions. The oscillatory nature of ENSO requires both positive and negative ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. The positive feedback is dated back to Bjerknes' hypothesis in the 1960s, and different negative feedbacks have been proposed since the 1980s associated with the delayed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflective oscillator. The de- layed oscillator assumes that wave reflection at the western boundary provides a negative feedback for the coupled system to oscillate. The western Pacific oscillator emphasizes equatorial wind in the western Pacific that provides a negative feedback for the coupled system. The recharge-discharge oscillator argues that discharge and recharge of equatorial heat content cause the coupled system to oscillate. The advective-re- flective oscillator emphasizes the importance of zonal advection associated with wave reflection at both the western and eastern boundaries. All of these physics are summarized in a unificd ENSO oscillator. The de- layed oscillator, the western Pacific oscillator, the recharge-discharge oscillator, and the advective-reflec- tive oscillator can be extracted as special cases of the unified oscillator. As suggested by this unified oscillator, all of the previnus ENSO oscillator mechanisms may be operating in nature.

关键词： El Niño-Southern Oscillation ENSO theory climate variability Ocean-atmosphere interactions

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The climate Variabilities of Air Temperature Around the Korean Peninsula

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第4期22卷 575-584页

作者： Yong-Hoon YOUN Meteorological Research Institute/Korean Meteorological Administration Seoul Korea

In this study, changes in climatological conditions around the KoreanPeninsula are estimated quantitatively using various types of high order statistical analyses. Thetemperature data collected from Incheon station have been analyzed for the assessment of the climatevariation. According to our analysis, the climate changes observed over the Korean Peninsula forthe last century are similar to the global observational data in many respects. First of all, thewarming trend [+1.5℃ (100 yr)^(-1)] and the overall evolving pattern throughout the century axequite similar to each other. The temperature change in the Korean Peninsula is about two to threetimes larger than that of the global scale which may partially be ascribed to the influence ofurbanization at mid and high latitudes. In this work, a new Winter Monsoon Index (WMI) is suggestedbased on the European continental scale circulation index (EU1) pattern. Our WMI is defined as thenormalized sea level pressure (SLP) difference in the winter period between the centers of the EastSea and west of Lake Baikal in Siberia, the two eastern centers of the EU1 action patterns. A strongsimilarity is found between the time series of the WMI and surface air temperature at Incheon. TheWMI has decreased gradually since the 1920s but has shifted to a rapid increasing trend in the lasttwo decades; it was in fact accompanied by a weakening of the Siberian High and a decreasing of thenortherly during winter. Our findings of the close correlations between the surface air temperatureat Incheon and the WMI strongly indicate that our newly suggested index is unique and can be used asan efficient tool to predict climate variability in Korea.

关键词： winter monsoon index climate variability

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The Potential of Hydro-climate Forecast Strategies in Sustaining Agricultural Productivity amongst Rainfed Farmers in West Africa: A Review

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American Journal of climate Change 2022年第4期11卷 265-283页

作者： Richard Kwame Dogbey Gordana Kranjac-Berisavljevic Bizoola Zinzoola Gandaa Department of Agricultural Mechanisation and Irrigation Technology Faculty of Agriculture Food and Consumer Sciences University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

Several studies have reported a significant yearly decrease in forest cover globally, using satellite images. This is especially true in West Africa, where rapid urbanisation acerbates the problem, and both of these changes lead to alterations in rainfall regime and other changes in climatic parameters. Several studies reveal that adaptation which reduces vulnerability to adverse climatic variation effects is the key to developing resilience against climate change. In this region, over 90% of farmers are engaged in small-scale rainfed crop cultivation and rely on their own weather perception, instincts and what they observe from the surrounding biota (flora and fauna) to forecast the weather and plan their agricultural activities. The pressing nature of the problem of climate variability in Africa had provoked a lot of research into developing and testing several adaptation strategies to control the situation. Various strategies to improve and localize global, regional and national climate services (Local Forecast, Scientific Forecast and Integrated Forecast) needed by the farmers are being developed to build resilience against climate change. This review illustrates the situation in Ghana and identifies various forecast strategies developed to mitigate the adverse effects of climate variability on agricultural productivity. These mitigation methods include the development of climate services to provide users with forecast information in order to make climate-smart decisions to minimize the risk.

关键词： climate variability Adaptation Strategies Forecast Strategies Resilience Rainfed Agriculture

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Influence of the Year and Growing Area on Maize (Zea mays L.) Production in the Central and North-Central Zones of Côte d’Ivoire (Departments of Bouake and Katiola)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第8期13卷 1116-1125页

作者： Essy Konan Jean François Kouassi N’dri Jacob Kouame N’guessan Kouadio Yatty Justin Agricultural Production Improvement Laboratory UFR Agroforestry University of Jean Lorougnon GUEDE (UJLoG) Daloa C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Several studies conducted in recent years in Côte d’Ivoire reveal that agriculture is increasingly affected by the adverse effects of climate variability. The present study aims at evaluating the effect of the zone and the year of cultivation on the productivity of maize in the Central and North-Central zones of Cote d’Ivoire. It was carried out for two years (2020 and 2021). The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with three replications. Observations were made on 12 agronomic parameters (plant size, internode size, collar diameter, number of leaves, number of internodes, cob insertion level, cob length, cob diameter, total kernels, cob dry weight, kernel dry weight, yield). The results showed that all agronomic traits of maize were significantly influenced by locality, except for the number of leaves. The highest values of the traits were observed in the locality of Bouaké. However, the year of cultivation did not influence the agronomic parameters of maize. This study will help to avoid yield decreases due to rainfall disturbances as a consequence of climate change.

关键词： climate variability Agronomic Parameters Growing Area

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