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Variation of Surface Temperature during the Last Millennium in a Simulation with the FGOALS-gl climate system model

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第3期30卷 699-712页

作者：张洁 Laurent LI 周天军辛晓歌 State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/CNRS Université Paris 6 National climate Center China Meteorological Administration

A reasonable past millennial climate simulation relies heavily on the specified external forcings, including both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents. In this paper, we examine the surface temperature responses to specified external forcing agents in a millennium-scale transient climate simulation with the fast version of LASG IAP Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land system model （FGOALS-gl） developed in the State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics （LASG/IAP）. The model presents a reasonable performance in comparison with reconstructions of surface temperature. Differentiated from significant changes in the 20th century at the global scale, changes during the natural-forcing-dominant period are mainly manifested in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonally, modeled significant changes are more pronounced during the wintertime at higher latitudes. This may be a manifestation of polar amplification associated with sea-ice-temperature positive feedback. The climate responses to total external forcings can explain about half of the climate variance during the whole millennium period, especially at decadal timescales. Surface temperature in the Antarctic shows heterogeneous and insignificant changes during the preindustrial period and the climate response to external forcings is undetectable due to the strong internal variability. The model response to specified external forcings is modulated by cloud radiative forcing （CRF）. The CRF acts against the fluctuations of external forcings. Effects of clouds are manifested in shortwave radiation by changes in cloud water during the natural-forcing-dominant period, but mainly in longwave radiation by a decrease in cloud amount in the ant hropogenic- forcing-dominant period.

关键词： last millennium external forcing surface temperature cloud radiative forcing climate system model

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The CAMS climate system model and a Basic Evaluation of Its Climatology and climate Variability Simulation

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2018年第6期32卷 839-861页

作者： Xinyao RONG Jian LI Haoming CHEN Yufei XIN Jingzhi SU Lijuan HUA Tianjun ZHOU Yanjun QI Zhengqiu ZHANG Guo ZHANG Jianduo LI State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029

A new coupled climate system model(CSM) has been developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS) by employing several state-of-the-art component models. The coupled CAMS-CSM consists of the modified atmospheric model [ECmwf-HAMburg(ECHAM5)], ocean model [Modular Ocean model(MOM4)], sea ice model [Sea Ice Simulator(SIS)], and land surface model [Common Land model(CoLM)]. A detailed model description is presented and both the pre-industrial and "historical" simulations are preliminarily evaluated in this study.The model can reproduce the climatological mean states and seasonal cycles of the major climate system quantities,including the sea surface temperature, precipitation, sea ice extent, and the equatorial thermocline. The major climate variability modes are also reasonably captured by the CAMS-CSM, such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO), El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO), East Asian Summer Monsoon(EASM), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO).The model shows a promising ability to simulate the EASM variability and the ENSO–EASM relationship. Some biases still exist, such as the false double-intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) in the annual mean precipitation field,the overestimated ENSO amplitude, and the weakened Bjerknes feedback associated with ENSO; and thus the CAMS-CSM needs further improvements.

关键词： CAMS-CSM climate system model climate variability model evaluation

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The CMIP6 Historical Simulation Datasets Produced by the climate system model CAMS-CSM

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第2期38卷 285-295页

作者： Xinyao RONG Jian LI Haoming CHEN Jingzhi SU Lijuan HUA Zhengqiu ZHANG Yufei XIN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

This paper describes the historical simulations produced by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS)climate system model(CAMS-CSM),which are contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The model description,experiment design and model outputs are presented.Three members’historical experiments are conducted by CAMS-CSM,with two members starting from different initial conditions,and one excluding the stratospheric aerosol to identify the effect of volcanic eruptions.The outputs of the historical experiments are also validated using observational data.It is found that the model can reproduce the climatological mean states and seasonal cycle of the major climate system quantities,including the surface air temperature,precipitation,and the equatorial thermocline.The long-term trend of air temperature and precipitation is also reasonably captured by CAMS-CSM.There are still some biases in the model that need further improvement.This paper can help the users to better understand the performance and the datasets of CAMS-CSM.

关键词： CMIP6 historical simulation CAMS-CSM climate system model data description

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Development of Earth/climate system models in China:A Review from the Coupled model Intercomparison Project Perspective

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2014年第5期28卷 762-779页

作者：周天军邹立维吴波金晨曦宋丰飞陈晓龙张丽霞 State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics(IAP)Chinese Academy of Sciences climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

The development of coupled earth/climate system models in China over the past 20 years is reviewed, including a comparison with other international models that participated in the Coupled model Intercom- parison Project （CMIP） from phase 1 （CMIP1） to phase 4 （CMIP4）. The Chinese contribution to CMIP is summarized, and the major achievements from CMIP1 to CMIP3 are listed as a reference for assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese models. After a description of CMIP5 experiments, the five Chinese models that participated in CMIP5 are then introduced. Furthermore, following a review of the current status of international model development, both the challenges and opportunities for the Chinese climate modeling community are discussed. The development of high-resolution climate models, earth system mod- els, and improvements in atmospheric and oceanic general circulation models, which are core components of earth/climate system models, are highlighted. To guarantee the sustainable development of climate system models in China, the need for national-level coordination is discussed, along with a list of the main compo- nents and supporting elements identified by the US National Strategy for Advancing climate modeling.

关键词： Coupled model Intercomparison Project （CMIP） IPCC Assessment Report atmospheric gen-general circulation model oceanic general circulation model climate system model earth sys-tem model high-resolution model

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EXPERIMENTS OF SEA ICE SIMULATION

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2005年第6期17卷 686-692页

作者： LIU Xi-ying State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG） Institute of Atmospheric Physics （IAP） Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

As a substitute for the original displaced pole grids, a simple rotated spherical coordinate system was intro duced into the Community Sea Ice model version 4（CSIM4）, which is a component of the Community climate system model（CCSM） of the American National Center of Atmospheric Researeh（NCAR）, to deal with the ＂pole problems＂. In the new coordinates, both the geographical North Pole and South Pole lie in the model equator and grid sizes near the polar region are more uniform. With reanalysis dataset of American National Centers for Environment Prediction （NCEP） and Levitus dataset without considering sub-mixed layer heat flux, the model was integrated for 100 years with thermodynamics proce.ss involved only in the former 49 years and both dynamic and thermodynamic processes involved in the left time. Inner consistency of model results was checked with no contradiction found. The results of last 10 years＇ model output were analyzed and it is shown that the simulated sea ice seasonal variation is rational whereas sea ice extent in the Barcnts Sea in winter is larger than that of observation, Numerical experiment on influence of sub-mixed layer heat flux was also carried out and it is shown that the sub-mixed layer heat flux can modulate seasonal variation of sea ice greatly. As a model component, the sea ice model with rotated spherical coordinates was coupled with other models （the oceanic general cir culation model is the LASG/IAP climate system Ocean model （LICOM） with reduced grid, other models are components of NCAR CCSM2） forming a climate system model and its preliminary results were also given briefly.

关键词： sea ice numerical simulation climate system model

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The Annual Modes of Tropical Precipitation Simulated by the LASG/IAP Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere model FGOALS_s1.1

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第2期24卷 189-202页

作者：张丽霞周天军吴波包庆 LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper evaluates the performance of a coupled general circulation model FGOALS_s1.1 developed by LASG/IAP in simulating the annual modes of tropical precipitation.To understand the impacts of air-sea coupling on the annual modes,the result of an off-line simulation of the atmospheric component of FGOALS_s1.1,i.e.,LASG/IAP atmospheric general circulation model SAMIL,is also analyzed.FGOALS_s1.1 can reasonably reproduce major characteristics of the annual mean precipitation.Nonetheless,the coupled model shows overestimation of precipitation over the equatorial Pacific and tropical South Pacific,and underestimation of precipitation over the northern equatorial Pacific.The monsoon mode simulated by FGOALS_s1.1 shows an equatorial anti-symmetric structure,which is consistent with the observation.The bias of the coupled model in simulating monsoon mode resembles that of SAMIL,especially over the subtropics.The main deficiency of FGOALS_s1.1 is its failure in simulating the spring-fall asymmetric mode.This is attributed to the false phase of sea surface temperature anomaly（SSTA） annual cycle over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean,which leads to the bias of the Walker circulation over the equatorial Pacific and the anti-Walker circulation over the Indian Ocean in boreal spring and fall.In addition,the domains of the western North Pacific monsoon and Indian monsoon simulated by the coupled model are smaller than the observation.The study suggests that the bias of the fully coupled oceanatmosphere model can only be partly attributed to the bias of the atmospheric component.The performance of FGOALS_s1.1 in simulating the annual cycle of equatorial SST deserves further improvement.

关键词： climate system model annual modes of precipitation global monsoon

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