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A Study on the Current Situation, Problems and Responsive Measures of Building China's National carbon market

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第3期10卷 7-16页

作者： XIA Yingzhe FENG Chao YUAN Xiaohua China Clean Development Mechanism Fund Management Center

carbon emissions trading is a major innovation in the practice of using market mechanism to control and reduce greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions and promote green and low-carbon development. It is an important way to achieve China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals(the“dual carbon” goals) at a relatively low cost. Starting late and having gone through three development stages, China’s national carbon market has entered a new stage. However, given the problems such as incomplete institutional, regulatory and carbon emissions verification systems,less balanced and vibrant market, limited transaction entities and trading products, and lack of voice due to insufficient participation in relevant international affairs, continuous efforts are still required to further improve this market by deepening reform, strengthening capacity building and increasing international cooperation.

关键词： Climate change carbon neutrality carbon market MRV

International Experience, China's Development and Prospect of carbon market Construction

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2022年第2期17卷 345-367页

作者： WANG Huiqing Research Institute of Bank of China Beijing 100818China

carbon market,which is capable of scientific quantifying and marked-based pricing of carbon emission,is an important way for countries to achieve the target of carbon emission reduction.The global carbon market,after more than ten years of development,has developed a mature mechanism.China started the trial of carbon market in 2011.After ten years of exploration,the national carbon trading market was officially launched in mid-July 2021.Against the backdrop of carbon neutrality,the national carbon market will shoulder a greater mission of carbon emission reduction and speed up its financialization and internationalization.However,it should take a dialectical attitude toward the opportunities and risks of carbon market financialization.In the future,China can promote the development of carbon market through efforts to develop market participants,clarify the attributes of carbon finance,prevent potential risks of carbon finance,improve the connection mechanism with the international carbon market,and innovate carbon finance services.

关键词： carbon market international experience carbon trading risk of carbon finance

China and the World under the Goals of carbon Peaking and carbon Neutrality:Green and Low-carbon Transition,Green Finance,carbon market,and carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2022年第2期17卷 189-211页

作者： ZHANG Zhongxiang Ma Yinchu School of Economics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

China has always tried to maintain multilateralism and advocated working together to deal with global climate change through multilateral mechanisms.Although China's announcement to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 comes as no surprise,its commitment to carbon neutrality does.As the period between its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality is far shorter than that in the developed countries,China's economic and energy structures need to be adjusted toward the low-carbon and carbon-free end with unprecedented efforts.To that end,China should define the responsibilities of local authorities and industrial entities to promote the orderly accomplishment of carbon peaking in all regions and industries.To supply the huge investments needed to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,China has an urgent need to accelerate the development of green finance and a national carbon emissions trading market,guide the rational allocation of resources,and channel resources to eco-friendly projects for green and low-carbon development.At the same time,China and the international community should strengthen dialogue and coordination,promote international cooperation on the way to carbon neutrality,formulate widely acceptable policy guidelines as soon as possible,and avoid unilateral measures that may cause conflicts.

关键词： carbon peaking carbon neutrality carbon market green and lowcarbon transition carbon border adjustment mechanism

Auction mechanism design of the Chinese national carbon market for carbon neutralization

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2022年第2期20卷 115-124页

作者： Wenjun Wang Xujie Zhao Qiaqia Zhang Chonghui Fu Pengcheng Xie Shenzhen Yuntian Statistical Science Research Institute Shenzhen518061China Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510640China Macao University of science and technology Macao999078China School of Humanities and management Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan523808China

The carbon market auction mechanism is an important policy tool for carbon pricing and a key mechanism that supports carbon emission neutralization,especially for China.A few systematic studies exist on China’s carbon market auction mechanism.This article focuses on the five auction mechanisms in Chinese pilot emission trading schemes(ETS),reviews the structures and bidding situation of the five-pilot auction mechanism,extracts the similarities,and analyzes their different features,such as auction mode,bidding scale,participants,pricing mode,auction frequency,and so on.This study conducts an in-depth analysis of the carbon allowance auction mechanism in the Guangdong pilot ETS of China,including its development and the evolution of the key elements,its operational effects,and related disputes.Finally,this study puts forward the trend forecast and suggestions for the Chinese allowance auction mechanism,such as the time window of launching national allowance auctions,the most likely auction mode,carbon pricing,and bidding revenue management.carbon pricing by auction is the most powerful policy tool for addressing carbon emissions reduction and implementing the Glasgow Climate Pact.

关键词： carbon market Quota auction carbon emission peak carbon neutralization

Risk identification and regulatory system design for the carbon market

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2016年第2期16卷 59-67页

作者： Tao Wang Wentao Wang Research Institute of Finance and Economics Central University of Finance and Economics The Administrative Centre for China's Agenda 21

Currently,the global carbon trading systems are fragmented and belong to different governments or are under the jurisdiction of different regions,resulting in a series of new problems,such as how to link dispersed trading systems,how to compare the emission reduction of various markets and other issues.Since the development of the international carbon market is relatively immature with uncertain life expectancy and volatility during its short history,and there is a lack of quantitative data on the long-term record,the market could provide few risk management tools.Meanwhile,with the launches of China's regional carbon trading pilots in seven provinces since 2013 and combined with the national voluntary emission trading system,carbon trading will become an important mechanism for China in achieving its emission reduction target.In the first stage,the carbon finance market is at least faced with mechanism design risks,market supply risks and compliance risks.Therefore,to secure the development of the carbon market and for public interest,relevant government departments of China should identify the risks facing the market and should make the basic principles and goals,such as ensuring effective trading and pricing mechanisms to avoid fraud and price manipulation,and balancing transparency and confidentiality of information.Consequently,the governments should develop a comprehensive carbon finance regulatory system covering regulatory legislation,regulatory institutions and their authorities,regulatory scope as well as regulatory objects.

关键词： carbon market risks identification regulatory system

The impact of organizational resources and managerial interpretation on willingness to participate in carbon market

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Ecological Economy 2020年第4期16卷 250-264页

作者： YAN Jing LIU Li-ping ZHOU Yu School of Health Services Management Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032CHINA Institute of Urban and Rural Economics Anhui Academy of Social SciencesHefei 230001CHINA School of Management University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230001CHINA

On the basis of resource-based view and managerial cognition,this research aims to explore which and how organizational resources facilitate organizational willingness to participate in carbon market(WTP-CM).In particular,it classifies resources into two dimensions,general resources(GR)and professional resources(PR),and investigates how these two types of resources interact with managerial interpretation and then influence organizational WTP-CM using a sample of 222 Chinese industrial firms.The findings show that environmental talents(PR)and low-carbon technologies(PR)have positive influences on organizational WTP-CM not only directly,but also indirectly through accelerating managers to interpret carbon trading as an opportunity,rather than a threat.On the contrary,only via managerial interpretation can capital reserve(GR)and environmental practices(PR)affect organizational WTP_CM positively.Furthermore,the impact of environmental practices on managerial interpretation does not depend on the performance of environmental practices(i.e.,success or failure).It means,regardless of environmental performance,the cumulation of environmental experience would promote managers to interpret carbon market as an opportunity and then advance their WTP-CM.Last,this partial mediating role of managerial interpretation between organizational resources and WTP-CM varies depending on organizational social position.Compared to centralﬁrms,peripheralﬁrms tend to be more responsive to managerial interpretation.The chain from organizational resources,to interpretation of carbon market as an opportunity,andﬁnally to the willingness to participate is stronger for peripheralﬁrms than for central ones.

关键词： willingness to participate carbon market managerial interpretation general resources professional resources

Reflections on the establishment of China's carbon market

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Ecological Economy 2017年第2期10卷 125-131页

作者： ZHU Jing LIN Xin Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao School of Mathematics Sun Yat-Sen University

A new situation has emerged as a result of global climate change following the "Paris Agreement", which gives rise to new opportunities for carbon market. carbon market as a mechanism to promote low-carbon development has been explored both in theoretical research and practical application home and abroad for several years. However, there are still many problems to settle, such as the potential uncertainty to determine and distribute total carbon emissions, price distortions in high-carbon products and services in the market, main bodies responsible for the carbon emission in urban infrastructure, etc. All these have formed a constraint on the further development of carbon market. Through the historical analysis of the actual development of the carbon market, this paper tries to identify practical problems which should be solved urgently, and provides ideas for China to establish a unified national carbon market in 2017, which is not only the national measures to participate in the "Paris Agreement" actively, but also the implementation of China's sustainable development strategy.

关键词： carbon market low carbon city framework

Allowance of the Emission Quota Using Life Cycle Assessment for the Creation of a National carbon market: Framework Developed for Hydroelectric Projects in Cameroon

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American Journal of Climate Change 2023年第4期12卷 505-526页

作者： Willy Noah Melingui Ahmat Tom Oumarou Hamandjoda Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Energetic University Institute of Technology Ngaoundéré Cameroon

The lack of synergy between infrastructure financing mechanisms and mechanisms for combating climate change does not favor the definition of sustainable infrastructure in Cameroon. The definition of a sustainable infrastructure could meet the requirements of these mechanisms, thanks to the control of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions during its installation, in relation to a predefined value. However, the promotion of efforts to reduce emissions from new infrastructures is not subject to a local market. This situation is a limit in the implementation of the policies defined in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). This article proposes a framework for promoting reduction efforts for a national carbon market, in favor of hydroelectric infrastructures. Thanks to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) environmental assessment tool, we are going to determine the carbon quota for a specific power. The study carried out on the hydroelectric power station of Mekin (HydroMekin) leads us to a reduction effort of 68.2% compared to the threshold defined at 14.057 gCO2eq/kWhe. The framework, developed, contributes to defining the environmental parameters in the decarbonation strategy during the implementation of new hydroelectric infrastructures and the market carbon design elements special to the construction phase of these infrastructures.

关键词： carbon market Sustainable Infrastructure Reference Value Emission Hydroelectricity

Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance carbon market Policy and Action in Malawi

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 401-414页

作者： Edward Missanjo Henry Kadzuwa Department of Environmental Sciences University of Namibia Ogongo Campus Ogongo Namibia Department of Physical Planning and Land Surveying Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences Blantyre Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a carbon market in Malawi.

关键词： Activity Data Emission Factor Climate Change Forestland carbon market