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Lagged climatic effects on carbon fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China

Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 291-302页

作者： Tao Zhang Mingjie Xu Yi Xi Juntao Zhu Li Tian Xianzhou Zhang Yanfen Wang Yingnian Li Peili Shi Guirui Yu Xiaomin Sun Yangjian Zhang Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesXining 810001China

Aims The plasticity of ecosystem responses could buffer and post-pone the effects of climates on ecosystem carbon fluxes,but this lagged effect is often ignored.In this study,we used carbon flux data collected from three typical grassland ecosystems in China,including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner mongolia(Neimeng site,Nm),an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai(Haibei site,Hb)and an alpine meadow steppe in Tibet(Dangxiong site,DX),to examine the time lagged effects of environmental factors on CO_(2) exchange.Methods Eddy covariance data were collected from three typical Chinese grasslands.In linking carbon fluxes with climatic factors,we used their averages or cumulative values within each 12-month period and we called them‘yearly’statistics in this study.To investigate the lagged effects of the climatic factors on the car-bon fluxes,the climatic‘yearly’statistics were kept still and the‘yearly’statistics of the carbon fluxes were shifted backward 1 month at a time.Important Findingssoil moisture and precipitation was the main factor driving the annual variations of carbon fluxes at the alpine Hb and DX,respectively,while the Nm site was under a synthetic impact of each climatic factor.The time lagged effect analysis showed that temperature had several months,even half a year lag effects on Co2 exchange at the three studied sites,while moisture’s effects were mostly exhibited as an immediate manner,except at Nm.In general,the lagged climatic effects were relatively weak for the alpine ecosystem.our results implied that it might be months or even 1 year before the variations of ecosystem carbon fluxes are adjusted to the current climate,so such lag effects could be resistant to more frequent climate extremes and should be a critical component to be considered in evaluating ecosystem stability.an improved knowledge on the lag effects could advance our understanding on the driving mechanisms of climate change effects on ecosystem carbon fluxes.

关键词： climate change carbon flux direct effect grasslands lagged effect

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Coupling a Terrestrial Biogeochemical Model to the Common Land Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2011年第5期28卷 1129-1142页

作者：施小英毛嘉富王应平戴永久唐旭利 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Aspendale Victoria Australia State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 South China Botanical Garden the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650

A terrestrial biogeochemical model （CASACNP） was coupled to a land surface model （the Common Land Model,CoLM） to simulate the dynamics of carbon substrate in soil and its limitation on soil respiration.The combined model,CoLM CASACNP,was able to predict long-term carbon sources and sinks that CoLM alone could not.The coupled model was tested using measurements of belowground respiration and surface fluxes from two forest ecosystems.The combined model simulated reasonably well the diurnal and seasonal variations of net ecosystem carbon exchange,as well as seasonal variation in the soil respiration rate of both the forest sites chosen for this study.However,the agreement between model simulations and actual measurements was poorer under dry conditions.The model should be tested against more measurements before being applied globally to investigate the feedbacks between the carbon cycle and climate change.

关键词： CoLM CASACNP model terrestrial carbon cycle carbon flux

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Theoretical Proof and Empirical Confirmation of a Continuous Labeling Method Using Naturally ^13C-Depleted carbon Dioxide

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第3期49卷 401-407页

作者： Weixin Cheng Feike A. Dijkstra Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

Continuous Isotope labeling and tracing is often needed to study the transformation, movement, and allocation of carbon in plant-soil systems. However, existing labeling methods have numerous limitations. The present study Introduces a new continuous labeling method using naturally ^13C-depleted CO2. We theoretically proved that a stable level of ^13C-CO2 abundance in a labeling chamber can be maintained by controlling the rate of CO2-free air Injection and the rate of ambient airflow with coupling of automatic control of CO2 concentration using a CO2 analyzer. The theoretical results were tested and confirmed in a 54 day experiment in a plant growth chamber. This new continuous labeling method avoids the use of radioactive ^14C or expensive ^13C-enrlched CO2 required by existing methods and therefore eliminates issues of radiation safety or unaffordable isotope cost, as well as creating new opportunities for short- or long-term labeling experiments under a controlled environment.

关键词： carbon flux CO2 isotope rhizosphere tracers

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Air-sea carbon fluxes and their controlling factors in the Prydz Bay in the Antarctic

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 136-146页

作者： GAO Zhongyong CHEN Liqi GAO Yuan Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry of State Oceanic Administration Third Institute of Ocea- nography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen 361005 China Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration Beijing 100860 China Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Rutgers University Newark NJ USA

The Prydz Bay in the Antarctic is an important area in the Southern Ocean due to its unique geographic feature. It plays an important role in the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean. To investigate the distributions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and surface seawater and its air-sea exchange rates in this region, the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHINARE） had set up several sections in the Prydz Bay. Here we present the results from the CHINARE-XVI cruises were presented onboard R/V Xue/ong from November 1999 to April 2000 and the main driving forces were discussed controlling the distributions of partial pressure of carbon dioxide. According to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide distributions, the Prydz Bay can be divided into the inside and outside regions. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was low in the inside region but higher in the outside region during the measurement period. This distribution had a good negative correlation with the concentrations of ehlorophyll-a in general, suggesting that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was substantially affected by biological production. The results also indicate that the biological produetion is most likely the main driving force in the marginal ice zone in the Southern Ocean in summer. However, in the Antarctic divergence sector of the Prydz Bay （about 64°S）, the hydrological processes become the controlling factor as the sea surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide is much higher than the atmospheric one due to the upwelling of the high DIC CDW, and this made the outside of Prydz Bay a source of carbon dioxide. On the basis of the calculations, the CO2 flux in January （austral summer） was -3.23 mmol/（m^2 · d） in the inner part of Prydz Bay, i.e. , a sink of atmospheric CO2, and was 0.62 mmol/（m^2 · d） in the outside part of the bay, a weak source of atmospheric CO2. The average air-sea flux of CO2 in the Prydz Bay was 2.50 mmol/（m^2 · d）.

关键词： Prydz Bay carbon flux carbon dioxide controlling factors

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Fate of river‐transported carbon in china:implications for carbon cycling in coastal ecosystems

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第3期3卷 15-27页

作者： Yang Gao Tiantian Yang Yafeng Wang Guirui Yu Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697 USA State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085 China

Rivers play an important role in carbon(C)exchange between terrestrial and oceanic water bodies and the atmosphere.The aim of this study was to systematically quantify fluxes in riverine C export and C exchange in the air-sea interface of marine ecosystems in China.Results show that annual C transport from rivers to coastal ecosystems in China can reach up to 64.35 TgC,which accounts for approximately 4.8%-8.1%of global C transport from river systems.In the Bohai Sea,particulate inorganic carbon is the main form of C influx,and it can reach up to 20.79 TgC/yr.Conversely,dissolved inorganic carbon is the main form of C influx into the East China Sea,and it can reach up to 10.52 TgC/yr,which is 42.6%of the total annual C imported into the East China Sea.China’s marine ecosystems including the Yellow Sea,the Bohai Sea,the East China Sea,and the South China Sea can absorb 65.06 TgC/yr from the atmosphere.

关键词： air-sea interface carbon flux carbon transport China Seas riverine carbon

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A New TanSat XCO2 Global Product towards Climate Studies

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第1期38卷 8-11页

作者： Dongxu YANG Yi LIU Hartmut BOESCH Lu YAO Antonio DI NOIA Zhaonan CAI Naimeng LU Daren LYU Maohua WANG Jing WANG Zengshan YIN Yuquan ZHENG Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Earth Observation Science School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicestershire LE17RHUK National Centre for Earth Observation University of LeicesterLeicestershire LE17RHUK National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites Shanghai 201210China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChangchun 130033China

The 1st Chinese carbon dioxide(CO2)monitoring satellite mission,TanSat,was launched in 2016.The 1st TanSat global map of CO2 dry-air mixing ratio(XCO2)measurements over land was released as version 1 data product with an accuracy of 2.11 ppmv(parts per million by volume).In this paper,we introduce a new(version 2)TanSat global XCO2 product that is approached by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics carbon dioxide retrieval Algorithm for Satellite remote sensing(IAPCAS),and the European Space Agency(ESA)Climate Change Initiative plus(CCI+)TanSat XCO2 product by University of Leicester Full Physics(UoL-FP)retrieval algorithm.The correction of the measurement spectrum improves the accuracy(−0.08 ppmv)and precision(1.47 ppmv)of the new retrieval,which provides opportunity for further application in global carbon flux studies in the future.Inter-comparison between the two retrievals indicates a good agreement,with a standard deviation of 1.28 ppmv and a bias of−0.35 ppmv.

关键词： TanSat CO2 remote sensing carbon flux climate change

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carbon fluxes in soil:long-term sequestration in deeper soil horizons

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2005年第2期15卷 149-154页

作者： John F.MCCARTHY Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA

Terrestrial ecosystems represent the second largest carbon reservoir, and the C balance in terrestrial ecosystems can be directly impacted by human activities such as agricultural management practices and land-use changes. This paper focuses on the C-sequestration in soil. Although many studies showed that the concentration of SOC is much higher in the shallow soils (0-30 cm), the deeper horizons represent a much greater mass of soil and represent a huge C-storage pool. The process of preferential retention of more strongly adsorbing components, along with competitive displacement of weakly binding components are the key processes that enhance the movement of organic carbon to deeper soil horizons. DOC represents the most dynamic part of organic carbon in soils, and thus can be used as a timely indicator of the short-term change of C-sequestration. Long-term experiments have demonstrated that higher SOC levels in shallow soils would lead to increased fluxes of DOC to deeper horizons, but more data on a wider range of soils and treatment strategies are needed to fully evaluate the linkages between changes in SOC in shallow soil, vertical fluxes of DOC to deeper soil horizons, and enhanced C-inventories in deeper, slow-turnover SOC pools.

关键词： carbon flux SOC DOC land use and management

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Characteristics of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange(NEE)from August to October of Alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Frontiers in Biology 2006年第4期1卷 418-422页

作者： XU Lingling ZHANG Xianzhou SHI Peili YU Guirui SUN Xiaomin Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Beijing 100101China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China

The Alpine meadow is one of the vegetation types widely distributed on the Tibetan Plateau in China with an area of about 1.2 million square kilometers.The Damxung rangeland station,located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau,is covered with an typical vegetation.The continuous carbon flux data(from August to middle October,2003)measured with the open-path eddy covariance system was used to analyze the diurnal variation pattern of net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange(NEE)and its relationship with the environmental factors,such as photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),precipitation,and temperature.Results showed that NEE presented obvious diurnal variation pattern with single-peak of diurnal maximum carbon assimilation at 11:00^(−1)2:00(local time)with an average of-0.268 mg CO_(2)⋅m^(−2)⋅s^(−1),i.e.,-6.08μmol CO_(2)⋅m^(−2)⋅s^(−1).During the daytime,NEE fitted fairly well with PAR in a rectangular hyperbola function with the apparent quantum yield(0.0203μmol CO_(2)μmol^(−1)PAR)and maximum ecosystem assimilation(9.7411μmol CO_(2)⋅m^(−2)⋅s^(−1)).During the night-time,NEE showed a good exponential relation with the soil temperature at 5 cm depth.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau in China Alpine meadow eddy covariance carbon flux environmental factors

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Role of Transparent Exopolymer Particles on Phytoplankton Dynamics in a Subtropical Estuary,Cananeia-Iguape(Sp,Brazil)

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第1期2卷 25-32页

作者： Jose Juan Barrera-Alba Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira Moser Sonia Maria Flores Gianesella Flávia Marisa Prado Saldanha-Correa Departamento de Biologia Marinha Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Faculdade de Oceanografia Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto Oceanográfico Universidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) has a known crucial role in vertical fluxes of carbon in the ocean and has been intensively studied in the last decade. Nevertheless, few studies have considered horizontal fluxes of TEP. These fluxes arise prominently between estuaries and the coast, where its importance is associated to the predominant horizontal transport. This is due both to the low density of the TEP agglomerate generated in low density waters of continental origin, and to the fact that the main component of the advective transport at estuarine regions is the horizontal one. In this study, the significance of TEP in the particulate matter exchange between estuary and coast was analyzed in the estuarine lagoon system of Cananéia-Iguape (southeast coast of Brazil). TEP, total seston (TS), organic seston (OS) and chlorophyll a (Chl.a) were analyzed over complete tidal cycles, during the dry and rainy seasons both at spring and neap tides. Horizontal fluxes and net transport rates of these variables were also calculated. TEP concentrations (max. 4991 μg Xeq/L) were almost one order of magnitude higher during the rainy season. TEP horizontal transport rates as high as 1.8 g Xeq. m/s were observed at the northern inlet of the system. In terms of particulate carbon, it represents 32.7 g TEP-C m/s or 4% of the OS transport rates. Our study quantifies the advective transport of TEP and their importance in particulate matter exchange between a subtropical estuarine system and the adjacent coastal region. Our results contribute to the knowledge of exopolimer particles dynamics in subtropical estuarine systems, and their relationship to phyto-plankton biomass and particulate matter.

关键词： Cananéia-Iguape Estuarine Lagoon System Phytoplankton Biomass carbon flux

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Evaporation and CO_(2)fluxes in a coastal reef:an eddy covariance approach

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第10期3卷 1-21页

作者： A.Camilo Rey-Sánchez Gil Bohrer Timothy H.Morin Dekel Shlomo Golnazalsadat Mirfenderesgi Hezi Gildor Amatzia Genin Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Environmental Resources Engineering State University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNYUSA The Fredy&Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences the Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat Coral BeachEilatIsrael department ofDepartment of Ecology Evolution&BehaviorSilverman Institute of Life Sciencesthe Hebrew University of JerusalemEilatIsrael ecologyevolution&behaviorsilverman institute of life sciencesthe hebrew university of jerusalemeilatisrael

Introduction:We conducted season-long observations of evaporation and carbon flux at the Gulf of Aqaba coast,northern Red Sea.We used the eddy-covariance method with a two-tower setup to measure evaporation rates over land and sea and the advection between them.Using a three-dimensional mass balance approach,we calculated total evaporation as the sum of two main components in our site:horizontal advection and turbulent vertical flux,with half-hourly change of water vapor storage and horizontal flux divergence found to be negligible.Outcomes:Average evaporation rates were 11.4[mm/day]from April through May(early summer)and 10.5[mm/day]from June through August(summer).The coastal reef was a CO_(2)sink over the period of measurements,significantly higher in June through August than in April through May.The main environmental drivers of CO_(2)flux were humidity,water temperature,sensible heat flux,and wind speed.Discussion:The rates of evaporation near the shore were considerably higher than values reported in other studies typically used to represent the mean for the whole Gulf area.We found that evaporation rates computed by common bulk models approximate the mean values of evaporation but have poor representativeness of the intra-daily temporal variation of evaporation.There was a significant correlation between CO_(2)flux and evaporation attributed to common environmental drivers of gas diffusion,turbulent fluxes,and horizontal transport.Conclusion:We conclude that observations of fluxes in coastal waters need to use at least a two-tower system to account for the effect of horizontal advection on the total flux.

关键词： Evaporation coral reef carbon flux advection eddy covariance

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