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COVID-19 Vaccine breakthrough infections and Associated Factors in Kwekwe City, Zimbabwe, 2021

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第2期12卷 170-184页

作者： Nyashadzashe Cosmas Makova Mary Muchekeza Addmore Chadambuka Emmanuel Govha Tsitsi Patience Juru Notion Tafara Gombe Mufuta Tshimanga Department of Primary Health Care Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Kwekwe City Council Department of Health Kwekwe Zimbabwe African Field Epidemiology Network Harare Zimbabwe

Background: To break the spread of COVID-19, people must adopt preven-tive health measures such as vaccination. A vaccine breakthrough infection is the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen in a specimen collected from a person ≥ 14 days after receipt of all recommended vaccine doses. Kwekwe City experienced an increase in breakthrough cases from one case (12 June 2021) to 39 cases (7 July 2021). The study was conducted to determine factors associated with breakthrough infections. Methods: We conducted an un-matched 1:2 case-control study. A case is defined as a patient who had two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen/PCR test at least two weeks after the date of receiving the second dose of the vac-cine in Kwekwe City from June 12, 2021. An interviewer-administered ques-tionnaire was used to collect data. We used the Epi Info software to generate means, frequencies, and proportions, to calculate measures of associations that include odds ratios. Results: Fifty-four cases in the records met the case definition for breakthrough infections, and two had died giving a case fatality rate of 3.7%. Fifty-one of the remaining 52 cases and 102 controls were re-cruited. Being within the age of 55 - 64 years (aOR = 12.22;95% CI (1.15 - 129.81) and being unemployed (aOR = 0.26;95% CI (0.07 - 0.93) were the independent factors associated with breakthrough infection. The median dura-tion in days between getting the second dose of the vaccine and getting tested was 57.0 (Q1 = 33;Q3 = 81) and 46 (Q1 = 33;Q3 = 64) for cases and controls respectively. There were significant differences in overall knowledge, controls had good knowledge compared to cases (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Individuals who were within the 55 - 64 years age group were more likely to have break-through infections. Those who had breakthrough infections had overall poor knowledge of COVID-19. Non-pharmacological interventions such as mask-wearing

关键词： breakthrough infections COVID-19 Kwekwe

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Recent SARS-CoV-2 Outlook and Implications in a COVID-19 Vaccination Era

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2021年第3期3卷 125-133页

作者： Teddy Ehianeta Said Abdulrahman Salim Mzee Muslimat Kehinde Adebisi Oluwayemisi Ehianeta Institute of Biological Chemistry “Academia Sinica”TaipeiTaiwanChina Jiangbing Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina University of Windsor WindsorOntarioCanada Taiwan University of Science and Technology TaipeiTaiwanChina

While repurposed drugs came in handy earlier in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,vaccination has been considered a more sustainable *** recent spikes have been linked to“double,”“triple,”and even multi-mutant variants,thus renewing calls for deeper structural and functional insights of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)as a lead to rationale design of therapeutics,vaccines,and point-of-care *** is a repertoire of findings from the earliest SARS-CoV-2 molecular mimicry to evade host immunity cum host immune responses to the role of the viral glycocalyx in modulating the susceptibility and severity of infection through attraction and repulsive ***,molecular studies of some viral components that aid infection in the face of vaccination seem *** addition,the wave of infections and the attendant case fatality ratios have necessitated the need for emergency use authorizations for COVID-19 vaccines and in vitro *** review provides key updates of SARS-CoV-2,current antigenic and formulation strategies,with emergency use authorizations considerations for future vaccine candidates and *** also premise that despite the difficulty in modeling and analyzing glycans,understanding and exploiting their roles in the SARS-CoV-2 architecture is fundamental to glycan-based COVID-19 vaccines devoid of inconsistent clinical outcomes.

关键词： breakthrough infections COVID-19 EUA immune response SARS-CoV-2 vaccine

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Reinfection and breakthrough Infection of SARS-CoV-2:An Emerging Challenge That Is Threatening Our World

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2022年第1期2卷 29-33页

作者： Lin Gao Xiuying Mu Yan-Mei Jiao Fu-Sheng Wang Department of Infectious Diseases The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China Peking University 302 Clinical Medical School Beijing 100039China Department of Microbiology&Infectious Disease Center School of Basic Medical SciencePeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 has threatened humans for more than one and a half *** particular,viral mutation like delta strain has led to third-or fourth-wave transmission among the countries in Asia,Europe,and North *** large-scale vaccination has been carried out in many countries,the incidence of reinfection and vaccine-past breakthrough infection is becoming an emerging challenge to humans *** related mechanisms underlying the reinfection and breakthrough infection remain *** this review,we summarized the challenge and related reasons for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 reinfection and breakthrough ***,we addressed some critical contents of the study in future.

关键词： breakthrough infections Reinfection SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

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