检索结果-南通市图书馆

biological diversity, Land Degradation and Sustainable Rural Livelihoods

云南植物研究 2000年第S1期22卷 4-17页

作者： Michael STOCKING ( Professor of Natural Resource Development,School of Development Studies,University of East Anglia ,Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom)

The 1998 Conference of Parties to the Convention on biological diversity asked national governments to demonstrate the importance of biological diversity in supporting rural communities. This paper introduces‘agrodiversity’as the primary way in which farmers use biological diversity and, more generally, the natural diversity of the environment for production, including their choice of crops, and management of land, water and biota as a whole. Promoting agrodiversity and understanding how it functions in tropical smallholder farming systems is the best way that importance may be shown. A win-win scenario is presented which links agrodiversity to land degradation control and sustainable rural livelihoods as evidenced by food security. It is argued that policies that encourage biological diversity in areas of land use will not only meet countries’ responsibilities under the Convention but will also address land degradation problems and support to rural livelihoods. The human significance of various types of biological diversity is shown. Sustainable rural livelihoods are presented in the new capital assets framework to demonstrate how rural households may use various components to control land degradation. To enable agrodiversity to be implemented practically, it has been codified into core elements of: biophysical diversity, the diversity of the natural environment that controls the resource base for food production; management diversity that embraces the practices (many of them indigenous) of farmers such as live hedges, soil amendments and ridge tillage techniques; agro-biodiversity which is the diversity of crop, plant and animal combinations; and organisational diversity, the way that farms are owned and operated, and the way that capital assets are allocated. Each element is then systematically related to show how agrodiversity controls land degradation and how it promotes food security. The example of the maize-Mucuna system in South America is cited as an evide

关键词： biological diversity Agro-biodiversity Agrodiversity Land degradation Livelihoods Food security Rural development Sustainability

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

biological diversity on semi-natural grassland resulting from the interactions between butterfly communities and plant communities

Biological diversity on semi-natural grassland resulting fro...

引用

作者： Kumiko OKUBO Miyuki KAWAMURA Yuki MORI Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Shinshu University Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Shinshu University

＜正＞Although semi-natural grasslands make an important contribution to regional biological diversity in Japan, methods to estimate this contribution have not been investigated. To evaluate the biological diversity of semi-natural grasslands resulting from the combination of the three data sources-plant communities, butterfly communities, and the interaction of both communities-, three areas in the sub-alpine zone in central Japan were surveyed. The number of butterflies and the frequency of interactions with plants were recorded by the transect method within August and September 2002 at the same time when vegetation surveys were carried out. The biological diversity of a plant community as a semi-natural grassland in the Mt. Yashigamine was higher than that of the other areas examined, while the biological diversity of the Mt. Nyuugasa was higher than that of the Mt. Ikeyama （Mori and Okubo 2005）. From the number of butterfly species and individuals and the characteristic species, Mt. Yashigamine was evaluated as having the highest biological diversity, with Mt. Nyuugasa second and Mt. Ikeyama third. From the results of the ER-index value analysis, the three study areas were similarly estimated to represent an environmental condition between the primitive stage and afforested stage. Nevertheless, the ER-index for the afforested stage at Mt. Ikeyama was the highest of the three areas, while the ER-index and Rl-index results from Mt. Ikeyama were lowest. The biological diversity of butterfly communities was the same as that of the plant communities. We postulate that the similarity in the two sets of results is because the plant communities influence the butterfly communities through the supply of feed and habitat. It appears that the Mt. Yashigamine scored the highest biological diversity because it occurs within a larger contiguous area of semi-natural grassland. The results of the frequency of nectar feeding at Mt. Yashigamine and Mt. Nyuugasa seemed to indicate a c

关键词： biological diversity semi-natural grassland butterfly community plant community environmental evaluation

来源： cnki会议评论

在线全文

cnki会议

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Study on the biological diversity of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Erhai Lake

引用

Agricultural Science & Technology 2011年第8期12卷 1100-1102页

作者：杨晓燕刘立盘苏锡钧叶远邦黄爱英苏鸿雁大理学院农学与生物科学学院云南大理671003

[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai *** traditional classification and identification methods were used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result]3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were *** oligospora,*** and Dactylella leptospora were the dominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% *** analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 *** diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was *** forming the adhesive nets were predominant;positive rate was 41.00%.[Conclusion]The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation *** nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the dominant species in Erhai Lake.

关键词： Erhai Lake Nematode-trapping fungi biological diversity

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The size distribution of airborne bacteria and human pathogenic bacteria in a commercial composting plant

引用

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 87-96页

作者： Min Gao Ziye Yang Yajie Guo Mo Chen Tianlei Qiu Xingbin Sun Xuming Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Beijing Agro-Biotechnology Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China College of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040China

Composting plants are regarded as one of the important sources of environmental ***,limitations in the size distribution of airborne bacteria have prevented our comprehensive understanding of their risk to human health and their dispersal *** this study,different sizes of airborne bacteria were collected using an eight-stage impactor from a full-scale composting ***-related abundance and communities of airborne bacteria as well as human pathogenic bacteria(HPB)were investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with droplet digital *** results indicate that the bacterial concentrations from the eight stages were approximately 10^(4)-105copies/m^(3).Although no statistical correlation was detected between the particle size and the Shannon index,the influence of size on bacterial lineages was observed in both composting and packaging *** airborne bacteria from different stages,the dominant phyla were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,and Actinobacteria,and the dominant genera was *** out of eight HPB with a small geometric mean aerodynamic diameter had a high concentration in composting *** on diameters of 2.42 to 5.09μm,most HPB in the composting areas were expected to be deposited on the bronchus and secondary ***,in the packaging areas,the deposition of HPB(diameters 3.70 to 8.96μm)occurred in the upper part of the respiratory *** results on the size distribution,abundance,and diversity of these bacteria offer important information for the systematic evaluation of bacterial pathogenicity and the potential health impacts on workers in composting plants and the surrounding residents.

关键词： Size distribution Airborne bacteria biological diversity Human pathogenic bacteria Composting plants

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

引用

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第5期12卷 168-180页

作者： Yu Miao Nicholas W.Johnson Kimberly Heck Sujin Guo Camilah D.Powell Thien Phan Phillip B.Gedalanga David T.Adamson Charles J.Newell Michael S.Wong Shaily Mahendra Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of Health Science California State UniversityFullertonCA 92834USA GSI Environmental Inc. HoustonTX 77098USA

Post-treatment impacts of a novel combined hydrogen peroxide(H2O_(2))oxidation and WOx/ZrO_(2) catalysis used for the removal of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compound(CVOC)contaminants were investigated in soil and groundwater microbial *** treatment train removed~90%1,4-dioxane regardless of initial concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and *** Illumina Miseq platform and bioinformatics were used to study the changes to microbial community *** approach determined that dynamic shifts of microbiomes were associated with conditions specific to treatments as well as 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs *** biodiversity was observed to decrease only after oxidation under conditions that included high levels of 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs,but increased when 1,4-dioxane was present without ***_(x)/ZrO_(2) catalysis reduced biodiversity across all *** classification demonstrated oxidative tolerance for members of the genera Massilia and Rhodococcus,while catalyst tolerance was observed for members of the genera Sphingomonas and *** discriminant analysis effect size was a useful statistical tool to highlight representative microbes,while the multidimensional analysis elucidated the separation of microbiomes under the low 1,4-dioxane-only condition from all other conditions containing CVOCs,as well as the differences of microbial population among original,post-oxidation,and post-catalysis *** results of this study enhance our understanding of microbial community responses to a promising chemical treatment train,and the metagenomic analysis will help practitioners predict the microbial community status during the post-treatment period,which may have consequences for long-term management strategies that include additional biodegradation treatment or natural attenuation.

关键词： Coupled treatments Chlorinated solvents Diethylene ether biological diversity Microbial populations Biomarkers

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Economic Development through Medicinal and Aromatic Plants(MAPs) Cultivation in Hindu Kush Himalaya Mountains of District Swat, Pakistan

引用

Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1292-1301页

作者： Hassan SHER Mary E. BARKWORTH Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity University of Swat Intermountain Herbarium Department of Biology Utah State University

Poverty is pervasive in the Swat Valley in northwestern Pakistan, and most people survive by farming small landholdings. However, many supplement their meager subsistence earnings by collecting and selling plant material for use in herbal medicine. This material is wild-harvested, but collectors seem not to fully appreciate the potential value of the plant material they collect nor the longterm impact their collection has on local plant populations. A model project supported by the International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI)persuaded small-scale farmers in four different villages to use some of their land for cultivating traditionally wild-harvested species of medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) with high market value. The farmers were provided seeds or rhizomes of five MAPs and asked to monitor their germination and growth on 25 m2 plots during a 12 month period. At the end of the study, growth and yield data from the four localities were compared and economic analyses conducted to determine the profitability of the species based on yields, prevailing market prices, and costs of production. Five of the cultivated species were subsequently marketed and their value evaluated:Sesamum indicum, Linum usitatissimum, Ocimum basilicum, Nigella sativa and Viola pilosa. The MAPs V. pilosa and O. basilicum were the most profitable,whereas Nigella sativa was the least profitable because of its low germination rate. The net income from all but Nigella was higher than that would have been earned by planting the same area with the predominant cereals or tomatoes. In addition to demonstrating the feasibility and financial benefits of cultivating MAPs as a cash crop, this model study identified a number of additional steps that would increase the benefits of MAPs cultivation in this area.A combination of specialized education, market infrastructure development and a small loans program would enable farmers to increase their agricultural income without damaging the area's pl

关键词： biological diversity Medicinal plant Aromatic plant Agriculture productivity Traditionalcrops Economic analysis Himalaya Mountains

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Ecological explanations for successful invasion of exotic plants

引用

Frontiers in Biology 2009年第3期4卷 271-281页

作者： Qiang WANG Shikun JIN Xiao RUAN Ningbo Institute of Technology Zhejiang UniversityNingbo 315100China

The intentional introduction of exotic species can increase the level of local biodiversity,enrich people’s material lives,and bring significant social and economic benefits that are also the symbols of human ***,along with the frequent intercourse among countries and regions,the frequency of uncontrolled crossregional migration of species is increased and there is a lack of scientific management strategy for the intentional introduction of exotic *** species invasion,which is behind habitat fragmentation,has become the second largest threatening factor to the maintenance of the global-scale level of biological *** species invasion can destroy the structure of an ecosystem,disturb the economic life of a society,and do harm to human *** this paper,the authors review some of the ecological explanations for issues such as“what causes or mechanisms have led to the successful invasion of exotic species”,including the“ideal weeds characteristics”,“biodiversity resistance hypothesis”,“enemies release hypothesis”,“evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis”,“niche opportunity hypothesis”,and“novel weapon hypothesis”.The authors also analyze and evaluate the background and theoretical basis of the hypotheses,providing explanations for some phenomena,as well as the deficiencies of these explanations.

关键词： exotic plant biological diversity novel weapon hypothesis

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity and ecosystem services in protected and non-protected oak forest areas can inform climate smart conservation

引用

Geography and Sustainability 2024年第4期5卷 647-659页

作者： Anders Forsman Johanna Sunde Romana Salis Markus Franzen Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus UniversitySE-39182KalmarSweden Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology(IFM)Linköing UniversitySE-58183LinköingSweden

Adaptive governance of areas set aside for future protection of biodiversity,sustainable production,and recreation requires knowledge about whether and how effects of area protection are modulated by climate change and redistribution of *** investigate this,we compare biodiversity of plants(assessed using vegetation plots)and arthropods(collected with Malaise traps,analyzed using metabarcoding)and productivity(tree growth,determined using dendrochronology)in protected and non-protected oak(Quercus spp.)forests along a latitudinal gradient(55.6°N–60.8°N)in *** also compare historical,recent and projected future climate in the *** contrast to established global latitudinal diversity gradients,species richness of plants and arthropods increased northwards,possibly reflecting recent climate-induced community redistributions,but neither was higher in protected than in non-protected areas,nor associated with contemporary ground *** composition of arthropods also did not differ between protected and non-protected *** biomass increased with latitude,suggesting that the magnitude of cascading effects mediated via their roles as pollinators,herbivores,and prey for other trophic levels,varies geographically and will change with a moving *** growth rate of oaks(an ecosystem service in the form of biomass increase and carbon sequestration)was independent of latitude and did not differ between protected and non-protected *** findings question the efficacy of contemporary designation and management of protected oak forests,and emphasize that development and implementation of modified climate smart conservation strategies is needed to safeguard ecosystem functioning,biodiversity,and recreational values of protected forest areas against future challenges.

关键词： biological diversity Conservation biology Decision making Forest ecosystems Global warming Species-richness gradients

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Degradation Performance and Biodiversity of an Anaerobic Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Microbial Community

引用

Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2017年第4期34卷 591-595页

作者：黄健平杨世素张斯琪 School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450011China

Polyvinyl alcohol( PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer that is hard to biodegrade. PVA-degrading microorganisms were previously reported as unitary bacteria and most of them have been identified as aerobes. In this work,a microbial community was cultured anaerobically and its degradation performance and biodiversity were analyzed. The microbial community was cultured for more than 40 d,which represents a highly efficient degradation performance with a chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of 88. 48%. Operational taxonomic unit-based analysis of the sequences revealed a highly diverse community in the reactor. To note,metagenome 16s rDNA sequencing delineated 19 phyla and 41 classes. Specifically, proteobacteria, chlamydiae, bacteroidetes,firmicutes,and planctomycetes play key roles in the biodegradation processes. Moreover,the betaproteobacteria class belonging to the proteobacteria phylum was the predominant bacterial members in this community. Our results demonstrated that anaerobic treatment of PVA wastewater is feasible and confers degradation by a highly diverse microbial community.

关键词： anaerobic culture biological diversity highly efficient degradation performance predominant bacteria polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-degrading microorganism

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Deep-sea organisms research oriented by deep-sea technologies development

引用

Science Bulletin 2022年第17期67卷 1802-1816页

作者： Jing-Chun Feng Jianzhen Liang Yanpeng Cai Si Zhang Jingchuan Xue Zhifeng Yang Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China School of Ecology Environmentaland ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Deep-sea environment,characterized by high pressures,extremely high/low temperatures,limited photosynthesis-generated organic matter,darkness,and high levels of corrosion,is home to flourishing special ecosystems in the ***,we illustrate how the deep-sea equipment offers insights into the study of life in the deep sea based on the work in the past five *** first describe how organisms in the deep sea are studied,even though it is highly difficult to get access to such extreme *** then explain the role of deep-sea technologies in advancing research on the evolution of organisms in hydrothermal vents,cold seeps,seamounts,oceanic trenches,and whale falls from the following perspectives:biological diversity,mechanisms of environmental adaptation,biological evolution,and ecosystem ***,to better understand the function and service of deep-sea organisms,and further conserve the special creatures under anthropologic activity and climate change,we highlight the importance of innovative deep-sea technologies to promote cutting-edge research on deep-sea organisms,and note the remaining challenges and developing directions for deep-sea equipment.

关键词： Deep sea Extreme life Equipment biological diversity Environmental adaptation Ecosystem connectivity

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：