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Building momentum for sustainable behaviors in developing regions using Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy principles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第7期27卷 1566-1571页

作者： Chandni Joshi Jeffrey Seay Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Kentucky

Despite the current threat from climate change,plastic collecting in the world's oceans,and the steady loss of biodiversity,the world continually fails to take action with regard to our rapidly changing ecosystem.Unfortunately,waiting on governments to act is no longer a viable option.Rapid change is needed and the pace of diplomacy is simply too slow.Democratic governments are reactionary and taking action to solve future problems is not a priority,even as the threat of potential ecological catastrophe draws ever closer.Change is in the hands of individuals,and it is our decisions and behaviors that will influence the future of our planet and our ability to inhabit it.Therefore,building momentum for sustainable behavior must begin with individuals.The neoliberal approach to environmental protection posits that individuals are motivated by rational self-interest,and that economic incentives are necessary to achieve environmental goals.However,recent research suggests that monetary gain alone actually negatively impacts behavior,and often neglects the rural poor.As a result,models for projects designed to benefit the environment need more than just a monetary incentive,they must incorporate all three pillars of sustainability:environment,economy and society.One approach for building momentum for sustainable behavior with regard to municipal solid waste management,particularly in the developing world,is by implementing Locally Managed Decentralized Circular Economy(LMDCE)principles.This contribution will describe the role behavioral economics plays in the choices made by producers and consumers.The results of a case study on applying LMDCE principles in Uganda to manage waste plastic accumulation by conversion to fuel oil will be presented.

关键词： Pyrolysis Fuel Pollution Appropriate technology behavioral economics Municipal solid waste

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Comparison of decision-making in neonatal care between China and Japan

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第1期15卷 85-91页

作者： Hidehiko Maruyama Yuka Shibata Xing-Ge Xia Yun-Xia Sun Shao-Ru He Yushi Ito Division of Neonatology Center for Maternal-FetalNeonatal and Reproductive MedicineNational Center for Child Health and DevelopmentTokyoJapan Division of NICU Guangdong General Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangdongChina

Background Various differences between China and Japan in approaches to medical treatment have been noted,but a few studies have examined differences in medical decision-making,especially in neonatal care.The aim of this study was to clarify these differences by means of a questionnaire.Methods The subjects were physicians on the staff of NICUs in China and Japan.The study questionnaire consisted of three parts dealing with the general characteristics of the participants,questions about treatment strategies for hypothetical,critically ill infants,and general questions about the treatment of foreign patients.The Likert scale was used to assess the treatment strategies and the results were analyzed statistically.Subgroup analysis by age,sex,and medical and NICU experience was also performed.Results The proportion of respondents in the Chinese and Japanese groups was 26/26 (100%) and 26/31 (84%),respectively.There was a significant difference between the Chinese and Japanese groups for 8 of 75 questions;Chinese physicians chose the positive treatment or examination options for these eight questions unlike their Japanese counterparts.The responses of the younger,less experienced physicians in both countries were more similar to each other,and more positive than those of their older,more experienced colleagues.Conclusion Chinese physicians showed a more positive attitude toward examination and treatment,whereas Japanese physicians showed a more cautious attitude.

关键词： behavioral style China Decision-making Directive style Japan

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Rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped patients with cancer and their caregivers to manage psychological distress and anxiety symptoms

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2019年第2期10卷 62-66页

作者： Chiedu Eseadi Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education University of Nigeria

There is a dearth of evidence-based data on how psychological distress and death anxiety symptoms experienced by cancer patients and caregivers are treated in developing regions. This article sheds light on the report of the findings from a 2016 study that revealed a rational-emotive behavioral intervention helped a select group of cancer patients and their family caregivers to manage problematic assumptions, psychological distress, and death anxiety symptoms in Nigeria.Based on my experience as a co-investigator and corresponding author of this previous study, I addressed the challenges of conducting such a study and the implications for future research in this article. This article encourages future researchers to replicate the study and endeavor to overcome the limitations of the previous study. Funders were also encouraged to ensure increased access to funds for conducting similar studies with cancer patients and their family caregivers in developing countries and other parts of the world.

关键词： Cancer patients Caregivers Death anxiety Psychological distress Psychological intervention Rational-emotive behavioral intervention Rational-emotive hospice care therapy

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Predator stress-induced depression is associated with inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult male mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 298-305页

作者： Yan-Ping Wu Hua-Ying Gao Shu-Hua Ouyang Hiroshi Kurihara Rong-Rong He Yi-Fang Li Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research College of Pharmacy Jinan University Anti-Stress and Health Research Center College of Pharmacy Jinan University

Stress has been suggested to disturb the 5-hydroxytryptamine system and decrease neurogenesis, which contribute to the development of depression. Few studies have investigated the effect of predator stress, a type of psychological stress, on depression and hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mice; we therefore investigated this in the present study. A total of 35 adult male Kunming mice were allocated to a cat stress group, cat odor stress group, cat stress + fluoxetine group, cat odor stress + fluoxetine group, or a control group(no stress/treatment). After 12 days of cat stress or cat odor stress, behavioral correlates of depression were measured using the open field test, elevated plus maze test, and dark-avoidance test. The concentrations of hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection. Neurogenesis was also analyzed using a bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin double-immunostaining method. Cat stress and cat odor stress induced depression-like behaviors; this effect was stronger in the cat stress model. Furthermore, compared with the control group, cat stress mice exhibited lower 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations, higher 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations, and significantly fewer bromodeoxyuridine+/doublecortin+-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus, which was indicative of less neurogenesis. The changes observed in the cat stress group were not seen in the cat stress + fluoxetine group, which suggests that the effects of predator stress on depression and neurogenesis were reversed by fluoxetine. Taken together, our results indicate that depression-like behaviors induced by predator stress are associated with the inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis.

关键词： nerve regeneration depressive disorder cat stress cat odor stress behavioral evaluation open field test elevated plus maze test dark-avoidance test 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid hippocampal neurogenesis neural regeneration

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Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第7期14卷 1158-1176页

作者： Bridget Martinez Philip V.Peplow Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology University of California Department of Medicine St.Georges University School of Medicine Department of Physics and Engineering Los Alamos National Laboratory Department of Anatomy University of Otago

The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,together with loss of cholinergic neurons,synaptic alterations,and chronic inflammation within the brain.These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function.There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis.Classically-activated microglia(M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators,and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain.The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects.Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials.Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process,while not preventive,is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation.The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD.The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD.More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD.The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents,or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies,in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology cognitive deficits behavioral deficits immunomodulatory agents animal models amyloid deposits gliosis

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Evaluation of clinical outcomes in an interdisciplinary abdominal pain clinic: A retrospective, exploratory review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第24期25卷 3079-3090页

作者： Amanda D Deacy Craig A Friesen Vincent S Staggs Jennifer V Schurman Division of Gastroenterology Children’s Mercy Kansas CityUMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMO 64108United States Division of Developmental and behavioral Sciences Children’s Mercy Kansas CityUMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMO 64108United States Biostatistics and Epidemiology Health Services and Outcomes ResearchChildren’s Mercy Kansas CityUMKC School of MedicineKansas CityMO 64108United States

BACKGROUND Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)are common and wellaccepted to be etiologically complex in terms of the contribution of biological,psychological,and social factors to symptom presentations.Nonetheless,despite its documented benefits,interdisciplinary treatment,designed to address all of these factors,for pediatric FGIDs remains rare.The current study hypothesized that the majority of pediatric patients seen in an interdisciplinary abdominal pain clinic(APC)would demonstrate clinical resolution of symptoms during the study period and that specific psychosocial variables would be significantly predictive of GI symptom improvement.AIM To evaluate outcomes with interdisciplinary treatment in pediatric patients with pain-related FGIDs and identify patient characteristics that predicted clinical outcomes.METHODS Participants were 392 children,ages 8-18[M=13.8;standard deviation(SD)=2.7],seen between August 1,2013 and June 15,2016 in an interdisciplinary APC housed within the Division of Gastroenterology in a medium-sized Midwestern children's hospital.To be eligible,patients had to be 8 years of age or older and have had abdominal pain for≥8 wk at the time of initial evaluation.Medical and psychosocial data collected as part of standard of care were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed in the context of the observational study.Logistic regression was used to model odds of reporting vs never reporting improvement,as well as to differentiate rapid from slower improvers.RESULTS Nearly 70%of patients followed during the study period achieved resolution on at least one of the employed outcome indices.Among those who achieved resolution during follow up,43%to 49%did so by the first follow up(i.e.,within roughly 2 mo after initial evaluation and initiation of interdisciplinary treatment).Patient age,sleep,ease of relaxation,and depression all significantly predicted the likelihood of resolution.More specifically,the odds of clinical resolution were 14%to 16%lower per additional year of patien

关键词： Pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders Integrated care behavioral health consultation Treatment outcomes Abdominal pain clinic

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InSocialNet:Interactive visual analytics for role–event videos

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第4期5卷 375-390页

作者： Yaohua Pan Zhibin Niu Jing Wu Jiawan Zhang College of Intelligence and Computing and School of New Media and CommunicationTianjin UniversityTianjin300354China School of Computer Science&Informatics Cardiff UniversityCF243AAUK

Role–event videos are rich in information but challenging to be understood at the story level.The social roles and behavior patterns of characters largely depend on the interactions among characters and the background events.Understanding them requires analysis of the video contents for a long duration,which is beyond the ability of current algorithms designed for analyzing short-time dynamics.In this paper,we propose In Social Net,an interactive video analytics tool for analyzing the contents of role–event videos.It automatically and dynamically constructs social networks from role–event videos making use of face and expression recognition,and provides a visual interface for interactive analysis of video contents.Together with social network analysis at the back end,In Social Net supports users to investigate characters,their relationships,social roles,factions,and events in the input video.We conduct case studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of In Social Net in assisting the harvest of rich information from role–event videos.We believe the current prototype implementation can be extended to applications beyond movie analysis,e.g.,social psychology experiments to help understand crowd social behaviors.

关键词： visual analytics behavioral psychology role–event videos social network video analysis

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behavioral inhibition in female college students with schizotypal traits: An event-related potential study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2012年第4期2卷 362-369页

作者： Ji-Hyun Lee Myung-Sun Kim Department of Psychology Sungshin Women’s University Seoul Korea

This study investigated behavioral inhibition in female college students with psychometrically defined schizotypal traits using a Go/NoGo task and event-related potentials (ERPs). The schizotypal-trait (n = 15) and normal control (n = 15) groups were selected based on scores of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The Go/NoGo task consisted of Go (requires response) and NoGo (requires no response) conditions. In terms of response time and accuracy rate for the Go/NoGo task, the two groups did not differ significantly. In terms of ERPs, the control group showed greater N2 amplitudes in response to NoGo (NoGo-N2) than to Go stimuli (Go-N2), whereas the schizotypal-trait group showed no significant difference in NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes. In addition, the schizotypal-trait group showed reduced NoGo-N2 amplitudes at the frontal site compared to controls, and an association between SPQ scores and NoGo-N2 amplitudes measured at the frontal site. The two groups did not differ in P3 amplitudes. Since the N2 reflects the detection of response conflict and behavioral inhibition, the present results indicate that nonclinical individuals with schizotypal traits have difficulties in detecting response conflict and behavioral inhibition.

关键词： behavioral Inhibition Event-Related Potentials Go/NoGo Task N2 P3 Schizotypal Trait

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A pricing scheme for electric utility’s participation in day-ahead and real-time flexibility energy markets

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现代电力系统与清洁能源学报（英文） 2019年第5期7卷 1294-1306页

作者： Ioannis MAMOUNAKIS Nikolaos EFTHYMIOPOULOS Dimitrios J.VERGADOS Georgios TSAOUSOGLOU Prodromos MAKRIS Emmanouel Manos VARVARIGOS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Institute of Communication and Computer SystemsNational Technical University of AthensAthensGreece Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics University of PatrasRio-PatrasGreece Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

Liberalized electricity markets,smart grids and high penetration of renewable energy sources(RESs)led to the development of novel markets,whose objective is the harmonization between production and demand,usually noted as real time of flexibility markets.This necessitates the development of novel pricing schemes able to allow energy service providers(ESPs)to maximize their aggregated profits from the traditional markets(trading between wholesale/day-ahead and retail markets)and the innovative flexibility markets.In the same time,ESPs have to offer their end users(consumers)competitive(low cost)energy services.In this context,novel pricing schemes must act,among others,as automated demand side management(DSM)techniques that are able to trigger the desired behavioral changes according to the flexibility market prices in energy consumption curves(ECCs)of the consumers.Energy pricing schemes proposed so far,e.***.realtime pricing,interact in an efficient way with wholesale market.But they do not provide consumers with strong enough financial incentives to modify their energy consumption habits towards energy cost curtailment.Thus,they do not interact efficiently with flexibility markets.Therefore,we develop a flexibility real-time pricing(FRTP)scheme,which offers a dynamically adjustable level of financial incentives to participating users by fairly rewarding the ones that make desirable behavioral changes in their ECCs.Performance evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed FRTP is able to offer a 15%–30%more attractive trade-off between the stacked profits of ESPs,i.***.the sum of the profits from retail and flexibility markets,and the satisfaction of consumers.

关键词： Demand response Flexibility markets Realtime pricing(RTP) behavioral change Energy efficiency

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Problematic Internet use in drug addicts under treatment in public rehab centers

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2019年第3期9卷 55-64页

作者： Stefano Baroni Donatella Marazziti Federico Mucci Elisa Diadema Liliana Dell’Osso Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Section of Psychiatry University of Pisa

BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use(PIU)or Internet addiction has been recognized to be a behavioral addiction characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations,urges,or behaviors regarding computer use and Internet access that leads to impairment or distress resembling substance abuse.AIM To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Internet use and abuse in a group of drug addicts from Southern Italy,by means of a specific questionnaire[“Questionario sull’Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie”(QUNT)].METHODS All subjects(183)were heavy smokers,almost 50%of them used heroin and/or opioid compounds,30%alcohol,10%cannabis,8%cocaine,and 5%were polydrug users.Almost 10%of the individuals were also suffering from gambling disorder.RESULTS The time spent online was more than 4 hours a day in the total sample,with a slight prevalence in male subjects.Cocaine and cannabis users spent more than 6 hours online,significantly more than opioid and alcohol abusers.Distribution of the QUNT factors was not different in both sexes.Cocaine users showed higher scores at the“loss of control”,“pornography addiction”,and“addiction to social networks”factors,for the stimulant effect of this substance.Moreover,15 out of the total 17 cocaine users were pathological gamblers.Positive and statistically significant relationships were observed between some QUNT factors and body mass index.CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PIU is less severe in subjects taking sedative substances,such as heroin/opioids and alcohol,than in subjects taking stimulants.Alternatively,it may be used as a“stimulant”trigger in cocaine and cannabis users.Flattening effect of abuse drugs was noted on possible sex-related differences in QUNT items.We observed a sort of“protective”effect of a love relationship and/or living together with a partner,as those engaged subjects showed lower scores on different items than single subjects or those living alone.The relationship between time spent online(and related sedentary lifestyle)and body mass index wo

关键词： Internet Problematic Internet use behavioral addictions Drug abuse Rehab centers

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