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Seasonal Development of Microbial Activity in Soils of Northern Norway

Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 716-727页

作者： M. BLTER N. SOETHE R. HORN C. UHLIG Institut für Polarkologie Christian-Albrechts-Universitt zu Kiel Wischhofstr. 1-3 D-24148 Kiel (Germany). de Institut für Pflanzenernhrung und Bodenkunde Christian-Albrechts-Universitt zu Kiel Olshausenstr. 40 D-24098 Kiel (Germany) Holt Research Centre The Norwegian Crop Research Institute N-9292 Tromsφ(Norway)

Seasonal development of soil microbial activity and bacterial biomass in sub-polar regions was investigated to determine the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, such as organic matter content, temperature and moisture. The study was performed during spring thaw from three cultivated meadows and two non-cultivated forest sites near Alta, in northern Norway. Samples from all five sites showed increasing respiration rates directly after the spring thaw with soil respiration activity best related to soil organic matter content. However, distributions of bacterial biomass showed fewer similarities to these two parameters. This could be explained by variations of litter exploitation through the biomass. Microbial activity started immediately after the thaw while root growth had a longer time lag. An influence of root development on soil microbes was proposed for sites where microorganisms and roots had a tight relationship caused by a more intensive root structure. Also a reduction of microbial activity due to soil compaction in the samples from a wheel track could not be observed under laboratory conditions. New methodological approaches of differential staining for live and dead organisms were applied in order to follow changes within the microbial community. Under laboratory conditions freeze and thaw cycles showed a damaging influence on parts of the soil bacteria. Additionally, different patterns for active vs. non-active bacteria were noticeable after freeze-thaw cycles.

关键词： bacterial biomass freezing microbial activity soil compaction thawing

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Characterization of Orchard Fields Based on Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX)

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2020年第3期9卷 159-176页

作者： Pitchayapa Pholkaw Quoc Thinh Tran Takamitsu Kai Taiki Kawagoe Kenzo Kubota Kiwako S. Araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan Kurokawa Field Science Center Meiji University Kawasaki Japan

Soil samples from 139 agricultural orchard fields (apple, grape, tea, and others) were analyzed using the soil fertility index. From these samples, an orchard field database was constructed and the soil properties between orchard, upland, and paddy fields were compared. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was 7.4 × 108 cells/g-soil, ranging from not detected (lower than 6.6 × 106 cells/g-soil) to 7.7 × 109 cells/g-soil. The average values of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK), were 24,000 mg/kg (2670 to 128,100 mg/kg), 1460 mg/kg (133 to 6400 mg/kg), 1030 mg/kg (142 to 5362 mg/kg), and 5370 mg/kg (1214 to 18,155 mg/kg), respectively. The C/N and C/P ratios were 19 (3 to 85) and 27 (2 to 101), respectively. Soil properties of the orchard fields were compared with those of the upland and the paddy fields. The average value of bacterial biomass in the orchard fields was almost the same as that in the upland fields (8.0 × 108 cells/g-soil), but the number was lower than that in the paddy fields (12.9 × 108 cells/g-soil). The average values of TC and TN in the orchard fields fell between those in the upland fields (TC: 33,120 mg/kg, TN: 2010 mg/kg) and the paddy fields (TC: 15,420 mg/kg, TN: 1080

关键词： Orchard Field Soil Fertility Index (SOFIX) bacterial biomass

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Analysis of Chemical and Biological Soil Properties in Organically and Conventionally Fertilized Apple Orchards

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2016年第2期5卷 92-99页

作者： Takamitsu Kai Masaki Mukai Kiwako S. Araki Dinesh Adhikari Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Japan

We compared chemical and biological properties of soils in organically and conventionally fertilized apple orchards in Nagano Prefecture (one of the major apple producing regions in Japan). Five apple orchards with different fertilizer management systems were used for this study. The total carbon and total nitrogen contents were higher in the organically fertilized orchard, while the total phosphorus and total potassium were at similar levels in both organically and conventionally fertilized orchards. The bacterial biomass did not differ between the two orchards, but the N circulation activity was clearly higher in the organically fertilized orchard from April to December. Total carbon from 50,000 to 60,000 mg/kg, total nitrogen at about 3000 to 4000 mg/kg, and a C/N ratio of 15 - 20 were suggested to be suitable conditions for a high level of apple production under an organic fertilizer management system.

关键词： Component Formatting Style Styling Insert Organic Fertilizer Management System Apple bacterial biomass Nitrogen Circulation Activity

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Effect of Steel Slag on Soil Fertility and Plant Growth

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2022年第3期11卷 209-221页

作者： Zakirul Islam Quoc Thinh Tran Shohei Koizumi Fumitaka Kato Kimio Ito Kiwako S. Araki Motoki Kubo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University Noji Higashi 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga Japan Advanced Technology Research Laboratories Research and Development Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan Resource and Process Solution Division Mineral Resources Department Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba Japan

The effective utilization of steel slag, a byproduct produced in large quantities from the steel refining process, is an important issue. Because steel slag contains abundant mineral components, the effects of steel slag on soil bacterial biomass and plant mineral uptake were analyzed in this study. The soil pH increased in proportion to the amount of steel slag added. A lower concentration (0.2% to 1%) of steel slag addition did not change the bacterial biomass. However, a higher concentration of steel slag (above 1%) had a negative effect on bacterial biomass. A lower amount of steel slag (0.2% to 1%) addition in soil leads to increased mineral (Ca, Mg, and Fe) uptake and plant growth in Brassica rapa var. periviridis and Spinacia oleracea L. However, mineral uptake by the plants decreased when a large amount of steel slag (above 1%) was added to the soil. Low concentrations of steel slag (0.2% to 1%) in soil had positive effects on plant growth, mineral uptake of plants, and bacterial biomass.

关键词： bacterial biomass Mineral Uptake Nitrogen Circulation Phosphorus Circulation Plant Growth Steel Slag

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