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autotomy and Regeneration of Appendages in Crustaceans:A Review

Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 731-742页

作者： LIU Lei TAO Dandan WANG Chunlin FU Yuanyuan WANG Sixiang HUANG Xinlian ZHAI Wei SONG Weiwei School of Marine Sciences Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315832China Ningbo Institute of Oceanography Ningbo 315832China

autotomy of appendages is a self-protection mechanism in crustaceans,which is defined as the reflexive loss of a limb in response to predation,competition,or other environmental factors.Single-limb injuries were the most common among the species surveyed in the present study,and the chelicerae were the most frequently lost appendages.After autotomy,hormones and signaling pathways are altered.Loss of limbs can affect foraging efficiency,although cheliped loss may be compensated by shifting to alternative prey or using both motor and oral appendages.In heterogeneous species,the loss of the major chelae may affect the selectivity of feeding.autotomy can affect crustacean growth by reducing size increases at molting and altering the timing of ecdysis.In commercial production,removing chelicerae is an effective strategy to reduce cannibalism,and production of soft-shell crabs can be increased via autotomy.After autotomy,a new limb will regrow through regeneration and molting.This process involves the regulation of hormones,regrowth of nerves,and a number of signaling pathways that include the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and transforming growth factorβsignaling pathway.Crustaceans are somewhat different from vertebrates in terms of regeneration.This review provides theoretical guidance about autotomy and regeneration applied in artificial aquaculture,and we offer several suggestions for future research on autotomy and regeneration in crustaceans.

关键词： autotomy regeneration appendages crustaceans

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Regenerative peripheral nerve interface prevents neuroma formation after peripheral nerve transection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第4期18卷 814-818页

作者： Zheng Wang Xin-Zeyu Yi Ai-Xi Yu Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Neuroma formation after peripheral nerve transection often leads to severe neuropathic pain.Regenerative peripheral nerve interface has been shown to reduce painful neuroma in the clinic.However,no reports have investigated the underlying mechanisms,and no comparative animal studies on regenerative peripheral nerve interface and other means of neuroma prevention have been conducted to date.In this study,we established a rat model of left sciatic nerve transfection,and subsequently interfered with the model using the regenerative peripheral nerve interface or proximal nerve stump implantation inside a fully innervated muscle.Results showed that,compared with rats subjected to nerve stump implantation inside the muscle,rats subjected to regenerative peripheral nerve interface intervention showed greater inhibition of the proliferation of collagenous fibers and irregular regenerated axons,lower expressions of the fibrosis markerα-smooth muscle actin and the inflammatory marker sigma-1 receptor in the proximal nerve stump,lower autophagy behaviors,lower expressions of c-fos and substance P,higher expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia.These findings suggested that regenerative peripheral nerve interface inhibits peripheral nerve injury-induced neuroma formation and neuropathic pain possibly via the upregulation of the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in the dorsal root ganglia and reducing neuroinflammation in the nerve stump.

关键词： autotomy dorsal root ganglia glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor nerve injury neuropathic pain peripheral nerve regeneration regenerative peripheral nerve interface retrograde axonal transport traumatic neuroma

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Myelin-associated glycoprotein combined with chitin conduit inhibits painful neuroma formation after sciatic nerve transection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1343-1347页

作者： Wei Pi Ci Li Meng Zhang Wei Zhang Pei-Xun Zhang Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Peking University People’s HospitalPeking UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration Peking UniversityBeijingChina National Center for Trauma Medicine BeijingChina

Studies have shown that myelin-associated glycoprotein(MAG)can inhibit axon regeneration after nerve injury.However,the effects of MAG on neuroma formation after peripheral nerve injury remain poorly understood.In this study,local injection of MAG combined with nerve cap made of chitin conduit was used to intervene with the formation of painful neuroma after sciatic nerve transfection in rats.After 8 weeks of combined treatment,the autotomy behaviors were reduced in rats subjected to sciatic nerve transfection,the mRNA expression of nerve growth factor,a pain marker,in the proximal nerve stump was decreased,the density of regenerated axons was decreased,the thickness of the myelin sheath was increased,and the ratio of unmyelinated to myelinated axons was reduced.Moereover,the percentage of collagen fiber area and the percentage of fibrosis marker alpha-smooth muscle actin positive staining area in the proximal nerve stump were decreased.The combined treatment exhibited superior effects in these measures to chitin conduit treatment alone.These findings suggest that MAG combined with chitin conduit synergistically inhibits the formation of painful neuroma after sciatic nerve transection and alleviates neuropathic pain.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Peking University People’s Hospital(approval No.2019PHE027)on December 5,2019.

关键词： autotomy axon chitin conduit fibrosis myelin-associated glycoprotein painful neuroma peripheral nerve regeneration

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The movement dynamics of autotomized lizards and their tails reveal functional costs of caudal autotomy

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 511-521页

作者： Irene FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Florentino BRAÑA Department of Organisms and Systems Biology(Zoology) University of OviedoOviedoSpain Research Unit of Biodiversity(UMIB UO/CSIC/PA)University of OviedoMieresSpain

autotomy has evolved independently several times in different animal lineages.It frequently involves immediate functional costs,so regeneration evolved in many instances to restore the functionality of that body part.Caudal autotomy is a widespread antipredator strategy in lizards,although it may affect energy storage,locomotion dynamics,or survival in future encounters with predators.Here,we assessed the effect of tail loss on the locomotor performance of wall lizards(Podarcis muralis),as well as the recovery of locomotor functionality of lizards with regenerated tails,and the movement dynamics of shed tails that were either intact or having regenerated portions.Tail loss had no effect on locomotion over unhindered spaces,possibly due to compensation between a negative effect on the stride of front limbs,and a positive effect of losing mass and friction force.We found a clear negative impact of tail loss on locomotion in spaces with interspersed obstacles,in which tailed lizards jumped larger distances when leaving the obstacles.Besides,lizards that used the tail to push off the ground were able to approach the obstacles from further,so that the tail seemed to be useful when used during jumping.Regeneration fully restores lizard’s locomotor capacities,but tail antipredator value,as indicated by the intensity of post-autotomic movements,is only partially retrieved.From these results,we propose that,together with the recovery of post-autotomy antipredator capacities,the restoration of the organismal locomotor performance may have been an important,yet frequently neglected factor in the evolution of lizard’s regeneration ability.

关键词： autotomy locomotor performance regeneration tail wall lizard

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Evaluating effects of temperature, salinity, starvation and autotomy on molting success, molting interval and expression of ecdysone receptor in early juveniles of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosa in

Evaluating effects of temperature, salinity, starvation and ...

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福建省海洋学会2014年学术年会暨福建省科协第十四届学...

作者： Jie Gong Kun Yu Haihui Ye Guizhong Wang Shaojing Li Chaoshu Zeng College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University

Newly molted first stage juvenile crabs(C1) of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, were subjected to different temperature(14, 20, 26, 32 and 39°C), salinity(5, 10, 20, 30 and 40‰), starvation and autotomy(for autotomy experiment, the second stage crabs(C2) were used) to assess their effects on molting success, molting interval and corresponding expression of ecdysone receptor(Ec R) of the crabs. The results showed that at a low temperature of 14°C no molt occurred with a subdued EcR mR NA level detected. In contrast, a higher temperature of 32°C induced a significantly increased expression of Ec R gene with significantly shorten C1 molting interval as compared to other treatments. However, as temperature increased further to 39°C, the expression of Ec R gene dropped abruptly from 6 h onward and all C1 crabs died without molt. On the other hand, a low salinity of 5‰ increased Ec R mR NA levels at 72 h and shortened molting interval significantly while high salinity of 40‰ led to opposite results. No significant difference in percentage molting success was detected for salinity ranged from 10 to 40‰. When C1 crabs were subjected to starvation for longer than 48 h, the expression of Ec R was found to be significantly restrained when compared to the feeding control, and none of the starved crabs successfully molted. Meanwhile, although molting success of C2 crabs was not significantly affected by autotomy, molting interval was significantly increased from 5.8 days of intact crabs to 6.2 days for the autotomized crabs. Interestingly, the expression level of EcR gene of autotomized crabs was found initially restrained(i.e. during the first 120 h) when compared to intact crabs, but increased sharply to a level significantly higher than the control at 134 h(i.e. during premolt stage of the autotomized crabs). Our results showed that temperature, salinity, starvation and autotomy all affected molting of early juvenile mud crabs and changes of EcR mR NA level in the crabs appeared to play an important role in regulating th

关键词： Scylla paramamosain molting success ecdysone receptor temperature salinity starvation autotomy

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