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Astrocytic calcium waves:unveiling their roles in sleep and arousal modulation

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 984-987页

作者： Erxi Wu Dan Qi Damir Nizamutdinov Jason H.Huang Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute Baylor Scott&White HealthTempleTXUSA Texas A&M University School of Medicine TempleTXUSA Texas A&M University School of Pharmacy College StationTXUSA LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology Dell Medical Schoolthe University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neurosurgery Baylor College of MedicineTempleTXUSA

Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain’s *** astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network,particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in *** on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between ***,outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold,support and regulate neuronal and synaptic *** research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel *** summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep,wakefulness,and arousal levels,exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling,ion channels,and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical *** findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks,influencing brain activity and *** astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal *** research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states,requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep-and arousal-related disorders.

关键词： arousal astrocyte calcium waves locus coeruleus neuron-astrocyte interaction norepinephrine sleep wakefulness

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Affective rating ranking based on face images in arousal-valence dimensional space

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018年第6期19卷 783-795页

作者： Guo-peng XU Hai-tang LU Fei-fei ZHANG Qi-rong MAO School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Jiangsu University

In dimensional affect recognition, the machine learning methods, which are used to model and predict affect, are mostly classification and regression. However, the annotation in the dimensional affect space usually takes the form of a continuous real value which has an ordinal property. The aforementioned methods do not focus on taking advantage of this important information. Therefore, we propose an affective rating ranking framework for affect recognition based on face images in the valence and arousal dimensional space. Our approach can appropriately use the ordinal information among affective ratings which are generated by discretizing continuous ***, we first train a series of basic cost-sensitive binary classifiers, each of which uses all samples relabeled according to the comparison results between corresponding ratings and a given rank of a binary classifier. We obtain the final affective ratings by aggregating the outputs of binary classifiers. By comparing the experimental results with the baseline and deep learning based classification and regression methods on the benchmarking database of the AVEC 2015 Challenge and the selected subset of SEMAINE database, we find that our ordinal ranking method is effective in both arousal and valence dimensions.

关键词： Ordinal ranking Dimensional affect recognition Valence arousal Facial image processing

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Modulating arousal to overcome gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease:how the noradrenergic system may act as a double-edged sword

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 666-676页

作者： Anouk Tosserams Bastiaan R.Bloem Kaylena A.Ehgoetz Martens Rick C.Helmich Roy P.C.Kessels James M.Shine Natasha L.Taylor Gabriel Wainstein Simon J.G.Lewis Jorik Nonnekes Department of Neurology Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement DisordersRadboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourPO Box 91016500 HB NijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada Department of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation Psychology Donders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center Radboud University Medical CentreDonders Institute for BrainCognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands Vincent Van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry VenrayThe Netherlands Klimmendaal Rehabili-tation Center ArnhemThe Netherlands Brain and Mind Centre Parkinson’s Disease Research ClinicSchool of Medical SciencesUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Centre for Complex Systems The University of SydneyCamperdownNSWAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Sint MaartenskliniekNijmegenThe Netherlands.

In stressful or anxiety-provoking situations,most people with Parkinson’s disease(PD)experience a general worsening of motor symptoms,including their gait ***,a proportion of patients actually report benefits from experiencing-or even purposely inducing-stressful or high-arousal *** data from a large-scale international survey study among 4324 people with PD and gait impairments within the online Fox Insight(USA)and ParkinsonNEXT(NL)cohorts,we demonstrate that individuals with PD deploy an array of mental state alteration strategies to cope with their gait ***,these strategies differ along an axis of arousal-some act to heighten,whereas others diminish,overall sympathetic ***,our observations suggest that arousal may act as a double-edged sword for gait control in *** propose a theoretical,neurobiological framework to explain why heightened arousal can have detrimental effects on the occurrence and severity of gait impairments in some individuals,while alleviating them in ***,we postulate that this seemingly contradictory phenomenon is explained by the inherent features of the ascending arousal system:namely,that arousal is related to task performance by an inverted u-shaped curve(the so-called Yerkes and Dodson relationship).We propose that the noradrenergic locus coeruleus plays an important role in modulating PD symptom severity and expression,by regulating arousal and by mediating network-level functional integration across the *** ability of the locus coeruleus to facilitate dynamic‘cross-talk’between distinct,otherwise largely segregated brain regions may facilitate the necessary cerebral compensation for gait impairments in *** the presence of suboptimal arousal,compensatory networks may be too segregated to allow for adequate ***,with supraoptimal arousal,increased cross-talk between competing inputs of these complementary networks may emerge and become dysf

关键词： arousal Gait Parkinson’s disease Freezing of gait Locus coeruleus

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Effect of arousal methods for 175 cases of prolonged coma after severe traumatic brain injury and its related factors

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2004年第6期7卷 341-343页

作者：江基尧包映晖殷玉华潘耀华梁玉敏罗其中 Department of Neurosurgery Renji Hospital Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai 200001 China

Objective: To determine the effect of arousal methods for prolonged coma of 175 patients with severe traumatic brain injury and related ***: There were 175 cases with persistent coma longer than 1 month after severe traumatic brain injury. Coma lasted 1-12 months. arousal procedures included hyperbaric oxygen, physical therapy and arousal drugs. Results: In the 175 prolonged coma patients 110 got recovery of consciousness; in 118 cases with coma of 1-3 months, 86 cases recovered consciousness ((72.9)%); in 42 cases with coma of 4-6 months, 20 cases recovered consciousness ((47.6)); and in 15 cases with coma of longer than 6 months, only 4 cases recovered consciousness ((26.7)%). The recovery of consciousness depended on patient’s primary brain stem damage, cerebral hernia, GCS score, and age. Conclusions: Application of appropriate arousal procedures improves recovery of consciousness in patients with prolonged coma.

关键词： Brain injuries arousal Treatment outcome Prolonged coma

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The Effect of Food Images on Mood and arousal Depends on Dietary Histories and the Fat and Sugar Content of Foods Depicted

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2013年第1期3卷 1-6页

作者： Gregory J. Privitera Danielle E. Antonelli Heather E. Creary Department of Psychology St. Bonaventure University St. Bonaventure USA

Background: While brain imaging studies show that reward regions in the human brain that regulate reward-guided behavior and integrate sensory modalities of smell, taste, and texture respond preferentially to high calorie foods, few studies account for dietary histories or account for recent behavioral evidence showing preferential responding for fruits (a low calorie food that tastes sweet). To address these concerns, the present study tested the hypothesis that images of high/low fat and sugar foods, even sugary foods that are low calorie (i.e., fruits), will enhance emotional responsiveness and that these changes may be related to dietary histories with fat and sugar intake. Method: Participants were shown 4 sets of 15 food images with each food image automatically timed every 9 s to transition to a new food image;participant pre-post mood and arousal was measured. The 4 sets of food images were high fat-high sugar (HFHS;desserts), high fat-low sugar (HFLS;fried foods), low fat-high sugar (LFHS;fruits), or low fat-low sugar (LFLS;vegetables) foods. To account for dietary histories, participants also completed estimated daily intake scales (EDIS) for sugar and fat. Results: Mood and arousal significantly increased in all groups, except Group LFLS, and even in a group that was low calorie but shown foods that taste sweet, i.e., Group LFHS. Interestingly, changes in arousal, but not mood, were dependent on participant histories with sugar and fat intake. Conclusion: Changes in emotional responsiveness to food images were nutrient-specific, which can be a more detailed level of analysis for assessing responsiveness to food images. Also, participant histories with sugar and fat should be taken into account as these histories can explain the changes in arousal observed here.

关键词： Fat Sugar Mood arousal Dietary History

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The effect of valence and arousal of emotional pictures on EEG activity

The effect of valence and arousal of emotional pictures on E...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Andrew C.N.Chen Center for Higher Brain Functions Capital Medical University

＜正＞Objective Greenwald and Lang et *** a theory of motivational priming that suggests emotion differentially modulates defensive *** emotion is associated with activation of the appetitive system,and negative emotion is associated with activation of the defensive *** provides an indicator of the motivational system activated,and arousal indicates the level of activation of the ***,valence is associated with the tone and arousal with the intensity of the *** brain regions bear different cognition functions,and so does different EEG *** recent reports,emotional arousal was laid more and more emphasis on,but related study was not *** Fifteen healthy female volunteers（age range 20-30 years） participated in the 2 stages and 8 EEG sessions（separated by 7-8 minutes with continuous EEG recording） *** first stage the subjects were instructed to arte 150 emotional pictures,so these pictures were grouped into arousal higher,arousal normal,arousal lower,valence positive,valence neutral and valence *** second stage was EEG *** first 2 sessions were used as baseline:subject was asked to open and close her eyes for 3mininuts *** other 6 sessions involved different emotion groups:the subjects were told to see the emotional pictures on the middle of the screen at the same time EEG was *** Fourier Transformation analysis was（FFT） performed based on 7 bands spectrum. Results（1） The prefrontal delta EEG exhibiting higher activity in valence than in arousal condition,and lower in both positive and negative valence than the neutral picture.（2） The frontal brain area of theta was higher in low arousal than in high arousal,while both negative and positive valence were lower than the neutral.（3） The posterior beta-1 activity was higher in valence than that in arousal *** Emotional related brain activation can be sensitively differentia

关键词： arousal emotion EEG valence IAPS

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A behavioral study of affective arousal by pictures on female tonic pain

A behavioral study of affective arousal by pictures on femal...

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中国生理学会第23届全国会员代表大会暨生理学学术大会

作者： Yan-Ling YIN,Pei-Pei WANG,Jun-Fa LI,Zhao-Ran CHEN Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Neuroscience,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China

＜正＞Objective To investigate the modulation of affective pictures on experimental tonic cold and heat pain in a behavioral *** Fifteen healthy female subjects went through the tonic cold and tonic heat stimulation when watching the affective pictures in a counter-balanced order,in which the pictures were grouped into the pleasant,the unpleasant and the neutral picture *** pain tolerance time（PTT） was *** The PTT of heat pain test was prolonged when watching the pleasant and unpleasant pictures contrast to that of watching the neutral[Pleasant:（145.27±15.99） s and Unpleasant:（146.20±13.68） s vs Neutral:（86.73±12.93） s, P＜0.01,n=15).However,no significant difference was observed in the cold pain test under the different experimental conditions[Pleasant:（78.80±14.81） s and Unpleasant:（74.73±15.78） s vs Neutral:（68.80±15.85） s,P＞0.05,n=15).There was a positive correlation between the residual difference of arousal and the residual difference of heat PTT in pleasant and neutral picture sets（r=0.546,P=0.035）.Conclusion Besides the emotional valence,the arousal may be one of the key elements that modulate the tonic pain.

关键词： tonic heat pain tonic cold pain affective pictures arousal

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The arousal effects and neural circuits of alarm pheromones

The arousal effects and neural circuits of alarm pheromones

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第二届中国睡眠研究会青年学术论坛暨四川省医学会第四次睡眠医学学术会议

作者： Yu-Feng Shao Jian-Ping Hong Can Wang Jun-Fan Xie Le Xin Ya-Ting Zhang Wen-Ting Ren Guang-Fu Cui Yi-Ping Hou Departments of Neuroscience AnatomyHistologyand EmbryologyKey Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu ProvinceSchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University

Abstract:Objective Alarm pheromones(APs)are very important communicating substances in species survival,which conducts hazards,***,distress,presence of predators,*** the individual survival,sufficiently sleep is *** order to avoided predators,are the APs able to waking up mice during sleep time until *** Spherical Treadmill Olfaction-Sleep Recording System(STOSRS)was employed in this study,the mouse(C57BL/6J)head was restrained by a head plate,and the animal was able to maneuver on the top surface of an air-supported floating Styrofoam ***(which collected during killing of mice with CO electrical stimulation after anesthesia)directional/quantitative delivered during non-rapid eye movement sleep(NREM)or rapid eye movement sleep(REM)which were determined by EEG/EMG and digital *** waking latency(WL)and EEG power analysis were used to reveal the EEG/EMG characteristics of the arousal induced by APs in ***(l)Animals were able to sleeping(NREM and REM)on the STOSRS after one week *** EEG/EMGcharacteristics of the NREM and REM sleep were similar as unrestrained ***,when the mouse was movement on the Styrofoam ball,the EEG display typical 9 wave(4.5-9.0 Hz)same as REM sleep,meanwhile,the EMG shown high activity.(2)Air delivered into nasal cavity at NREM sleep,the WL was randomly from 5 s to 116 s(n=11).APs delivered display steady WL(9.31±0.71 s,n=8)and the EEG characteristics were changed to movement wave(described above).(3)During the REM sleep,as the same effects of air,the WL was randomly from 7.5 s to 138 s(n=5)after APs delivered.(4)The distribution of Grueneberg ganglion was 3D reconstruction by using OMP-GFP *** APs can awake mice within the NREM sleep,this pivotal effect protects animals to avoided predators and contributed to species survival.

关键词： alarm pheromones non-rapid eye movement sleep rapid eye movement sleep arousal

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The arousal effects of alarm pheromonesand their neural pathways involved

The arousal effects of alarm pheromonesand their neural path...

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第五届中国西部睡眠医学大会暨重庆市心理卫生协会睡眠医学学术年会

作者： Yu-Feng Shao Can Wang Chao-Yu Cong Le Xin Jun-Fan Xie Hai-Lin Chen Guang-Fu Cui Yu-Nong Chen Fen-Qiu Dai Yi-Ping Hou Departments of Neuroscience AnatomyHistologyand EmbryologyKey Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu ProvinceSchool of Basic Medical SciencesLanzhou University

Objective:Alarm pheromones(APs) are important chemical communicating molecules which signal danger,injury,distress,or the presence of predators to *** is unclear as yet whether APs could wake up rodent during sleep period to avoid dangerousness,through a sufficient sleep is required for their ***:Free Moving Olfaction-Sleep Recording System(FMOSRS) was used to analyze sleepwake states in this ***(collected from mice with electrical stimulation) or their main component(2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole,SBT) were directly delivered to the mouse’s nasal cavity during the period of non-rapid eye movement(NREM) or rapid eye movement(REM) sleep determined by EEC/EMC and digital *** of axons of the Cr(u|¨)eneberg ganglion(CCAxo) or excision of the vomeronasal organ(VNOX) were used to identify the sensory organ of *** addition,microinjection of herpes simplex virus(HSV) was employed to reveal the neural pathways involved in APs-induced ***:(1) Both of APs and SBT deliveries immediately induced an arousal from NREM or REM sleep compared to air in *** SBT-induced awakening efficiency was higher than APs-induced.(2) GG neurons degenerated by GGAxo,and showed an attenuation of the arousal effects of SBT mainly in post-odor stimulate period.(3) VNOX blocked the arousal effects of SBT mainly in odor stimulate period.(4) HSV labeling neurons in the basal forebrain(BF) and locus coeruleus(LC) were found following olfactory bulb(OB) *** percentage of HSV neurons in the LC that also display staining for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) were 75.70%± 3.20%,whereas,HSV neurons in the BF were not cholinergic ***:Nasal delivery of APs or SBT arouses mice from NREM and REM *** and VNO are sensory organs for detecting APs,because the arousal effects of SBT are blocked by GGAxo and ***,HSV injection into the OB markedly labeled LC neurons,most of them also express *** results suggest that APs ar

关键词： alarm pheromones 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole non-rapid eye movement sleep rapid eye movement sleep arousal Grueneberg ganglion vomeronasal organ locus coeruleus

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What is the sound of fear？ Behavioral responses of white-crowned sparrows Zonotrichia leucophrys to synthesized nonlinear acoustic phenomena

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 534-541页

作者： Ellen K. BLESDOE Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested Butte CO 81224 USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California 621 Young Drive South Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA

Fear and anxiety may be adaptive responses to life-threatening situations, and animals may communicate fear to others vocally. A fundamental understanding of fear inducing sounds is important for both wildlife conservation and management because it helps us understand how to design repellents and also how （and why） animals may be negatively impacted by anthropogenic sounds. Nonlinear phenomena--sounds produced by the desynchronization of vibrations in a sound production system-are commonly found in stress-induced animal vocalizations, such as in alarm calls, mobbing calls, and fear screams. There are several functional hypotheses for these nonlinear phenomena. One specific hypothesis is the unpredictability hypothesis, which suggests that because nonlinear phenomena are more variable and somewhat unpredictable, animals are less likely to habituate to them. Animals should, therefore, have a prolonged response to sounds with nonlinear phenomena than sounds without them. Most of the studies involving nonlinear phenomena have used mammalian subjects and conspecific stimuli. Our study fo- cused on white-crowned sparrows （Zonotrichia leucophrys ssp. oriantha） and used synthesized acoustic stimuli to investigate behavioral responses to stimuli with and without nonlinear phenomena. We predicted that birds would be less relaxed after hearing a stimulus with a nonlinear component. We calculated the difference from baseline of proportion of time spent in relaxed behaviors and performed pair-wise comparisons between a pure tone control stimulus and each of three experimental stimuli, including a frequency jump up, a frequency jump down, and white noise. These comparisons showed that in the 30q50 s after the playback experiment, birds were significantly less relaxed after hearing noise or an abrupt frequency jump down an octave but not an abrupt frequency jump up an octave or a pure tone. Nonlinear phenomena, therefore, may be generally arousing to animals and may explain why th

关键词： Nonlinear acoustic phenomena White-crowned sparrows arousal Fear Motivation-structural rules Entropy

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