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Nitrate transporter NRT1.1 and anion channel SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第4期64卷 942-957页

作者： Chengbin Xiao Doudou Sun Beibei Liu Xianming Fang Pengcheng Li Yao Jiang Mingming He Jia Li Sheng Luan Kai He Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China School of Life Sciences Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450000China School of Life Sciences Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720CAUSA

ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))are major inorganic nitrogen(N)sources for plants.When serving as the sole or dominant N supply,NH_(4)^(+)often causes root inhibition and shoot chlorosis in plants,known as ammonium toxicity.NO_(3)^(-) usually causes no toxicity and can mitigate ammonium toxicity even at low concentrations,referred to as nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity.Our previous studies indicated a NO_(3)^(-) efflux channel SLAH3 is involved in this process.However,whether additional components contribute to NO_(3)^(-)-mediated NH_(4)^(+)detoxification is unknown.Previously,mutations in NO_(3)^(-) transporter NRT1.1 were shown to cause enhanced resistance to high concentrations of NH_(4)^(+).Whereas,in this study,we found when the high-NH_(4)^(+) medium was supplemented with low concentrations of NO_(3)^(-),nrt1.1 mutant plants showed hyper-sensitive phenotype instead.Furthermore,mutation in NRT1.1 caused enhanced medium acidification under high-NH_(4)^(+)/Iow-NO_(3)^(-) condition,suggesting NRT1.1 regulates ammonium toxicity by facilitating H+uptake.Moreover,NRT1.1 was shown to interact with SLAH3 to form a transporter-channel complex.Interestingly,SLAH3 appeared to affect NO_(3)^(-) influx while NRT1.1 influenced NO_(3)^(-) efflux,suggesting NRT1.1 and SLAH3 regulate each other at protein and/or gene expression levels.Our study thus revealed NRT1.1 and SLAH3 form a functional unit to regulate nitrate-dependent alleviation of ammonium toxicity through regulating NO_(3)^(-) transport and balancing rhizosphere acidification.

关键词： ammonium toxicity nitrate rhizosphere acidification NRT1.1 SLAH3

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The alleviation of ammonium toxicity in plants

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第6期65卷 1362-1368页

作者： Chengbin Xiao Yuan Fang Suomin Wang Kai He Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystems College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Nitrogen(N)is an essential macronutrient for plants and profoundly affects crop yields and qualities.ammonium(NH4+)and nitrate(NO3-)are major inorganic N forms absorbed by plants from the surrounding environments.Intriguingly,NH4+is usually toxic to plants when it serves as the sole or dominant N source.It is thus important for plants to coordinate the utilization of NH4+and the alleviation of NH4+toxicity.To fully decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying how plants minimize NH4+toxicity may broadly benefit agricultural practice.In the current minireview,we attempt to discuss recent discoveries in the strategies for mitigating NH4+toxicity in plants,which may provide potential solutions for improving the nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and stress adaptions in crops.

关键词： alleviation ammonium toxicity channel nitrogen NUE transporter

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Thymol ameliorates ammonium toxicity via repressing polyamine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide and modulating ammonium transporters in rice root

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 106-114页

作者： Kai Guo Guangchi An Ning Wang Bingdong Pang Zhiqi Shi Hongwu Bai Li Zhang Jian Chen Weimin Xu National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450002China Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Shandong Province Key Laboratory for BiosensorsJinan 250014China Zaozhuang Technology Promotion Center of Agriculture and Agricultural Machinery Zaozhuang 277800China Central Laboratory Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210014China College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018China Supervision&Testing Center for Processed Agri-products(Nanjing) Ministry of AgricultureNanjing 210014China

Background:ammonium is an indispensable nutrient for crop growth,but anoxic conditions or inappropriate fertilizer usage result in the increase in ammonium content in soil.Excessive ammonium causes phytotoxicity.Thymol is a kind of natural phenolic compound with anti-microbial properties.However,little is known about the role of thymol in modulating plant physiology.Here we find the novel role of thymol in protecting rice from ammonium toxicity.Results:Thymol remarkably rescued rice seedlings growth from ammonium stress,which may resulted from the attenuation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,oxidative injury,and cell death in both shoots and roots.Polyamine oxidase(PAO)metabolizes polyamines to produce ROS in plants in response to stress conditions.Thymol blocked ammonium-induced upregulation of a set of rice PAOs,which contributed to the decrease in ROS content.In rice seedlings upon ammonium stress,thymol downregulate the expression of ammonium transporters(AMT1;1 and AMT1;2);thymol upregulated the expression of calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 23(CIPK23)and calcineurin B-like binding protein 1(CBL1),two negative regulators of AMTs.This may help rice avoid ammonium overload in excessive ammonium environment.Correlation analysis indicated that PAOs,AMTs,and CBL1 were the targets of thymol in the detoxification of excessive ammonium.Conclusion:Thymol facilitates rice tolerance against ammonium toxicity by decreasing PAO-derived ROS and modulating ammonium transporters.Such findings may be applicable in the modulation of nutrient acquisition during crop production.

关键词： ammonium toxicity Polyamine oxidase Reactive oxygen species Rice Thymol

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Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium-overly-sensitive mutant,amos2,in Arabidopsis thaliana

Isolation and characterization of a novel ammonium-overly-se...

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从植物科学到农业发展——2012全国植物生物学大会

作者： Herbert J.Kronzucker Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto1265 Military TrailTorontoOntarioM1C 1A4Canada

ammonium(NH) toxicity is a significant agricultural problem globally,compromising crop growth and productivity in many areas.However,the molecular mechanisms of NH4+ toxicity are still poorly understood,in part due to a lack of valuable genetic resources.Here, a novel Arabidopsis mutant,amos2(ammonium overly sensitive 2),displaying hypersensitivity to NH in both shoots and roots,was isolated.The mutant exhibits the hallmarks of NH toxicity at significantly elevated levels:severely suppressed shoot biomass,increased leaf chlorosis,and inhibition of lateral root formation.Amos2 hypersensitivity is associated with excessive NH accumulation in shoots and a reduction in tissue potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg).We show that the lesion is specific to the NH4 ion,is independent of NH metabolism,and can be partially rescued by elevated external K.The amos2 lesion was mapped to a 16-cM interval on top of chromosome 1,where no similar mutation has been previously mapped.Our study identifies a novel locus controlling cation homeostasis under NH stress,and provides a tool for the future identification of critical genes involved in the development of NH toxicity.

关键词： Arabidopsis ammonium toxicity amos2 mutant cation homeostasis potassium genetic mapping

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