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Antagonism between ambient ozone increase and urbanization-oriented population migration on Chinese cardiopulmonary mortality

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The Innovation 2023年第6期4卷 48-58页

作者： Haitong Zhe Sun Junchao Zhao Xiang Liu Minghao Qiu Huizhong Shen Serge Guillas Chiara Giorio Zosia Staniaszek Pei Yu Michelle W.L.Wan Man Mei Chim Kim Robin van Daalen Yilin Li Zhenze Liu Mingtao Xia Shengxian Ke Haifan Zhao Haikun Wang Kebin He Huan Liu Yuming Guo Alexander T.Archibald lYusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of CambridgeCambridge CB21EWUK Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EQUK Department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD 21205USA State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBejing 100084China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Earth System Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518p55China Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK The Alan Turing Institute London NW12DBUK School of Public Heath and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelboumeVIC 3004Australia British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB18RNUK Heart and Lung Research Institute University of CambridgeCambridge CB20BDUK Baroelona Supercomputing Center Department of Earth Sciences08034 BarcelonaSpain School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Department of Mathematics University of CaliformiaLos AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing KeyLaboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridge CB21PZUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science Cambridge CB21EWUK

Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature deaths.However,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been explored.Here,we assess populationcale 03 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological evidence.We find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing 03 exposure by 4.3±2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic activities.Rural residents are broadly exposed to 9.8±4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens,and thus urbaniza-tion-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total population.Cardiopulmonary excess premature deaths attributable to longterm 03 exposure,373,500(95%uncertainty interval[U]:240,600-510,900)in 2019,is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular causes.Future 03 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.

关键词： ambient urban urbanization

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ambient ozone pollution is associated with decreased semen quality:longitudinal analysis of 8945 semen samples from 2015 to 2018 and during pollution-control period in Beijing,China

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第5期21卷 501-507页

作者： Hai-Tao Zhang Zhe Zhang Jia Cao Wen-Hao Tang Hong-Liang Zhang Kai Hong Hao-Cheng Lin Han Wu Qing Chen Hui Jiang Department of Urology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Andrology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Department of Reproductive Medicine Center Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation Ministry of Education of ChinaInstitute of ToxicologyCollege of Preventive MedicineArmy Medical University(Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China Department of Human Sperm Bank Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China

Previous studies suggest that air pollution has a negative effect on semen quality.However,most studies are cross-sectional and the results are controversial.This study investigated the associations between air pollutants(PM25,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO,and O3)and seme n quality among sperm donation candidates,especially when the air pollution was artificially con trolled in Beijing,China.We an a lyzed 8945 semen samples in the human sperm bank of Peki ng Un iversity Third Hospital(Beijing,China)from October 2015 to May 2018.Air pollution data during the entire period(0-90 days prior)and key stages(0-9,10-14,and 70-90 days prior)of sperm development were collected from the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre.The association between air pollutants and seme n parameters(sperm con centrati on and progressive motility)was an a lyzed by a mixed model adjusted for age,abstinence duration,month,and average ambient temperature.Only O3 during key stages of 0-9 days and 10-14 days and the entire period was negatively associated with sperm concentration between 2015 and 2018(P v 0.01).During the period of air pollution control from November 2017 to January 2018,except for the in crease in O3 concentration,other five pollutants'concentrations decreased compared to those in previous years.In this period,the sperm concentration decreased(P<0.001).During the pollution-control period,O3 exposure 10-14 days prior was negatively associated with sperm concentration(95%Cl:-0.399—0.111;P<0.001).No significant association was found between the other five pollutants and semen quality during that period?Our study suggested that only O3 exposure was harmful to semen quality.Therefore,O3 should not be neglected during pollution control operation.

关键词： ambient pollution ozone pollution-control period reproductive health semen quality

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Study on the influence mechanism of ambient humidity on the temperature rise of decay-like composite insulators

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High Voltage 2022年第5期7卷 916-924页

作者： Zheng Zhong Yuan Chen Yunpeng Liu Sizu Hou Jianghai Geng Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingChina High Voltage Technology Institute North China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijingChina Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaodingChina

At present,observing the temperature rise of composite insulators is an effective method for the detection of decay-like defects.However,ambient humidity will affect the temperature rise of composite insulators,which will cause problems in screening the decaylike composite insulators.Therefore,it is urgent to study the temperature rise principle of decay-like insulators and find out the influence mechanism of humidity on temperature rise.In this study,a four-electrode system is designed to measure the surface current,volume current and interface current of the decay-like short sample and the intact short sample under different humidity.Then the equivalent circuit models of short samples and the 500 kV full-size decay-like composite insulator are built to analyse the contribution rates of leakage conductance loss and polarisation loss to temperature rise.The results show that the contribution rates of the polarisation loss to the temperature rise of two samples are 35.8%and 23.6%in low humidity,while they are 98.3%and 64.4%in high humidity.For the full-size decay-like composite insulator,the contribution rates of polarisation loss to its temperature rise in high or low humidity are more than 99%.In addition,the proportion of polarisation loss increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the length of the decay-like section.The conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for further understanding the corresponding relationship between decaylike defects and temperature rise and improve the detection rate of decay-like insulators.

关键词： composite ambient humidity

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Associations of ambient NO2 with Daily Hospitalization,Hospitalization Expenditure and Length of Hospital Stay of Cause-Specific Respiratory Diseases-Shanxi,China,2017-2019

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China CDC weekly 2022年第35期4卷 779-782,I0002-I0004页

作者： Dashan Zheng Dawei Cao Shiyu Zhang Huiqing Shen Yi Liu Qiyong Liu Jimin Sun Guangyuan Jiao Jianzhen Wang Xiaoran Yang Xinri Zhang Hualiang Lin School of Public Health Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou CityGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Respiration First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan CityShanxi ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Key Laboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Ideological and Political Education School of MarxismCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Standards and Evaluation Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research CenterBeijing Municipal health Commission Information CenterBeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide(NO2)and mortality and morbidity of respiratory diseases,however,research on the effect of NO2 on the length of hospital stay(LOS)and hospitalization expenditure is limited.What is added by this report?This study collected the respiratory hospitalization,hospital expenditure,and LOS for respiratory diseases from 2017-2019 in Shanxi,China,and comprehensively evaluated the association between ambient NO2 exposure and respiratory hospitalization,expenditure,and LOS.What are the implications for public health practice?This study provides evidence on the association between ambient NO2 and respiratory burden,suggesting that continuously reducing the NO2 concentrations could prevent respiratory diseaseassociated hospital admissions and decrease the relative burden in Shanxi Province and other similar regions.

关键词： ambient Shanxi burden

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A simple path to ambient temperature ionic H^(-)superconductors

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 321-322页

作者： Bingru Liu Shiyuan Liu Jianglan Shui School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Hydride ion(H^(-))has high polarizability(α_(H^(-))=10.17A^(3))and high redox potential(H^(-)/H_(2):-2.3 V),and therefore is an attractive energy carrier[1,2].The H^(-)superconductors play a crucial role in the devel... 详细信息

关键词： attractive ambient superconductors

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Short-Term Exposure to ambient Ozone and Outpatient Visits for Respiratory Diseases-5 Cities, China, 2013−2015

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China CDC weekly 2020年第45期2卷 878-881,I0001,I0002页

作者： Yue Niu Cong Liu Renjie Chen Haidong Kan Department of Environmental Health School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Few studies have elucidated the relationships between ambient ozone and respiratory morbidity,especially in developing countries.What is added by this report?This study involved 5 cities in China with a wide variation in ozone concentrations and therefore could add credible evidence for the associations between short-term ozone exposure and increased respiratory morbidity.

关键词： ozone Ozone ambient

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ambient noise Love wave tomography of China

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2019年第3期3卷 218-231页

作者： ZhiGao Yang XiaoDong Song Institute of Geophysics Chinese Earthquake Administration Department of Seismic Networks China Earthquake Networks Center Department of Geology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan University

We first report on the Love wave tomography of China based on ambient noise cross-correlations. We used 3 years of continuous waveform data recorded by 206 broadband seismic stations on the Chinese Mainland and 36 neighboring global stations and obtained Love wave empirical Green's functions from cross-correlations of the horizontal components. The Love wave group velocity dispersion measurements were used to construct dispersion maps of 8-to 40-s periods, which were then inverted to obtain a threedimensional horizontally polarized S-wave(SH) velocity structure. The resolution was approximately 4°× 4° and 8°× 8° for eastern and western China, respectively, and extended to a depth of approximately 50 km. The SH model was generally consistent with a previously published vertically polarized S-wave(SV) model and showed large-scale features that were consistent with geological units, such as the major basins and changes in the crustal thickness across the north-south gravity lineament. The SH and SV models also showed substantial differences, which were used to examine the subsurface radial anisotropy. We define the radial anisotropy parameter asψ = 2(V_(SH)-V_(SV))/(V_(SH)+ V_(SV)). At a shallow depth, we observed significant radial anisotropy under major basins, which may be related to thick sedimentary layers. At the mid to lower crust, most of the Chinese continent showed strong positive radial anisotropy(SH > SV).Central and southern Tibet showed strong positive anisotropy, whereas the radial anisotropy was relatively weak at the northern and eastern margins, which suggests a change in deformation style from the plateau interior to its margins. The North China craton showed prominent positive radial anisotropy, which may be related to decratonization and strong extension since the Mesozoic Era. Love waves are less well retrieved than Rayleigh waves from ambient noise cross-correlations. Increasing the duration of the cross-correlation data beyond 4 to 8 years may not aid in retrieving Love waves of longer period

关键词： ambient noise tomography Love wave radial anisotropy China

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Effective passivation of black phosphorus transistor against ambient degradation by an ultra-thin tin oxide film

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Science Bulletin 2019年第9期64卷 570-574页

作者： Dianzhong Wu Zhijian Peng Chuanhong Jin Zhiyong Zhang School of Engineering and Technology China University of Geosciences Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology Xiangtan University

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconducting materials have been considered as promising channel materials to construct aggressively-scaled transistors owing to their excellent electrostatics and remained hig... 详细信息

关键词： BP SnO FET Effective passivation of black phosphorus transistor against ambient degradation by an ultra-thin tin oxide film

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Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet for effective ambient N2 fixation to NH3

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Nano Research 2019年第4期12卷 919-924页

作者： Ya Zhang Huitong Du Yongjun Ma Lei Ji Haoran Guo Ziqi Tian Hongyu Chen Hong Huang Guanwei Cui Abdullah M. Asiri Fengli Qu Liang Chen Xuping Sun Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China Analytical and Test Center Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China Chemistry Department Faculty of Science & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

Industrial production of NH3 from N2 and H2 significantly relies on Haber-Bosch process,which suffers from high energy consume and CO2 emission.As a sustainable and environmentally-benign alternative process,electrochemical artificial N2 fixation at ambient conditions,however,is highly required efficient electrocatalysts.In this study,we demonstrate that hexagonal boron nitride nanosheet (h-BNNS) is able to electrochemically catalyze N2 to NH3.In acidic solution,h-BNNS catalyst attains a high NH3 formation rate of 22.4 μg·h-1·mg-1cat.and a high Faradic efficiency of 4.7% at-0.75 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode,with excellent stability and durability.Density functional theory calculations reveal that unsaturated boron at the edge site can activate inert N2 molecule and significantly reduce the energy barrier for NH3 fonmation.

关键词： boron nitride nanosheet N2 reduction reaction NH3 electrosynthesis ambient conditions density functional theory

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Sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air with 10× objective lens enabled by hyper-hemi-microsphere

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 398-408页

作者： Guangxing Wu Yan Zhou Minghui Hong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore117576Singapore School of Aerospace Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Present address:Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen518055China

Optical microsphere nanoscope has great potential in the inspection of integrated circuit chips for semiconductor industry and morphological characterization in biology due to its superior resolving power and label-free characteristics.However,its resolution in ambient air is restricted by the magnification and numerical aperture(NA)of microsphere.High magnification objective lens is required to be coupled with microsphere for nano-imaging beyond the diffraction limit.To overcome these challenges,in this work,high refractive index hyper-hemi-microspheres with tunable magnification up to 10×are proposed and realized by accurately tailoring their thickness with focused ion beam(FIB)milling.The effective refractive index is put forward to guide the design of hyper-hemi-microspheres.Experiments demonstrate that the imaging resolution and contrast of a hyper-hemi-microsphere with a higher magnification and larger NA excel those of a microsphere in air.Besides,the hyper-hemi-microsphere could resolve~50 nm feature with higher image fidelity and contrast compared with liquid immersed high refractive index microspheres.With a hyper-hemi-microsphere composed microscale compound lens configuration,sub-50 nm optical imaging in ambient air is realized by only coupling with a 10×objective lens(NA=0.3),which enhances a conventional microscope imaging power about an order of magnitude.

关键词： ambient immersed refractive

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