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adult stem cells in neural repair: Current options, limitations and perspectives

World Journal of stem cells 2015年第2期7卷 477-482页

作者： Eric Domingos Mariano Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie Guilherme Lepski Department of Neurology Medicine SchoolUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Department of Neurosurgery Medicine SchoolUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Department of Neurosurgery Eberhard-Karls University 72074 Tuebingen Germany

stem cells represent a promising step for the future of regenerative medicine. As they are able to differentiate into any cell type, tissue or organ, these cells are great candidates for treatments against the worst diseasesthat defy doctors and researchers around the world. stem cells can be divided into three main groups:(1) embryonic stem cells;(2) fetal stem cells; and(3) adult stem cells. In terms of their capacity for proliferation, stem cells are also classified as totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent. adult stem cells, also known as somatic cells, are found in various regions of the adult organism, such as bone marrow, skin, eyes, viscera and brain. They can differentiate into unipotent cells of the residing tissue, generally for the purpose of repair. These cells represent an excellent choice in regenerative medicine, every patient can be a donor of adult stem cells to provide a more customized and efficient therapy against various diseases, in other words, they allow the opportunity of autologous transplantation. But in order to start clinical trials and achieve great results, we need to understand how these cells interact with the host tissue, how they can manipulate or be manipulated by the microenvironment where they will be transplanted and for how long they can maintain their multipotent state to provide a full regeneration.

关键词： stem cells stem cell therapy adult stem cells Neural stem cells Bone marrow stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells Olfactory ensheathing cells

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Mesh词表主题词扩展:成人干细胞-adult stem cells

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中国组织工程研究 2012年第1期 75-75页

adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells,found throughout the body after embryonic development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cel... 详细信息

关键词：干细胞 adult stem cells Mesh stem 主题词叙词检索词词表词汇表成人

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Clinical trials using dental stem cells:2022 update

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World Journal of stem cells 2023年第3期15卷 31-51页

作者： Wen-Peng Song Lu-Yuan Jin Meng-Di Zhu Hao Wang Deng-Sheng Xia Department of Stomatology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care Beijing Stomatological HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China

For nearly 20 years,dental stem cells(DSCs)have been successfully isolated from mature/immature teeth and surrounding tissue,including dental pulp of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligaments,dental follicles,and gingival and apical papilla.They have several properties(such as self-renewal,multidirectional differentiation,and immunomodulation)and exhibit enormous potential for clinical applications.To date,many clinical articles and clinical trials using DSCs have reported the treatment of pulpitis,periapical lesions,periodontitis,cleft lip and palate,acute ischemic stroke,and so on,and DSC-based therapies obtained satisfactory effects in most clinical trials.In these studies,no adverse events were reported,which suggested the safety of DSC-based therapy.In this review,we outline the characteristics of DSCs and summ-arize clinical trials and their safety as DSC-based therapies.Meanwhile,we also present the current limitations and perspectives of DSC-based therapy(such as harvesting DSCs from inflamed tissue,applying DSC-conditioned medi-um/DSC-derived extracellular vesicles,and expanding-free strategies)to provide a theoretical basis for their clinical applications.

关键词： Dental stem cells adult stem cells Dental pulp Tissue regeneration

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Dedifferentiated fat cells: an alternative source of adult multipotent cells from the adipose tissues

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International Journal of Oral Science 2011年第3期3卷 117-124页

作者： Jie-fei Shen Atsunori Sugawara Joe Yamashita Hideo Ogura Soh Sato Department of Periodontology School of Life Dentistry at Niigata Nippon Dental University Niigata 951-1500 Japan Department of Dental Materials School of Life Dentistry at Niigata Nippon Dental University Niigata 951-1500 Japan

When adipose-derived stem cells （ASCs） arc retrieved from the stromal vascular portion of adipose tissue, a large amount of mature adipocytes are often discarded. However, by modified ceiling culture technique based on their buoyancy, mature adipocytes can be easily isolated from the adipose cell suspension and dediffercn- tiated into lipid-frce fibroblast-like cells, named dediffercntiated fat （DFAT） cells. DFAT cells rc-establish active proliferation ability and undertake multipotent capacities. Compared with ASCs and other adult stem cells, DFAT cells showed unique advantages in their abundance, isolation and homogeneity. In this concise review, the establishment and culture methods of DFAT cells arc introduced and the current profiles of their cellular nature are summarized. Under proper inducti~,n culture in vitro or environment in vivo, DFAT cells could demonstrate adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenie and myogenic potentials. In angiogenie conditions, DFAT cells could exhibit perivascular characteristics antt elicit neovascularization. Our preliminary findings also suggested the pericyte phenotype underlying such cell lineage, which supported a novel interpretation about the common origin of mesenchymal stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells within blood vessel walls. Current research on DFAT cells indicated that this alternative source of adult multipotent cells has great potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

关键词： dedifferentiated fat cells adult stem cells adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells regenerative medicine

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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of human amniotic fluid cells and their differentiation potential

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Cell Research 2006年第4期16卷 329-336页

作者： Patrizia Bossolasco Tiziana Montemurro Lidia Cova Stefano Zangrossi Cinzia Calzarossa Simona Buiatiotis Davide Soligo Silvano Bosari Vincenzo Silani Giorgio Lambertenghi Deliliers PaoloRebulla LorenzaLazzari Fondazione Matarelli 20121 Milanltaly Cell Factory Centro di Medicina TrasfusionaleTerapia Cellulare e CriobiologiaFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMangiagalli e Regina Elena20122 Milan Italy Dipartimento Cell Factor Centro di Medicina TrasfusionaleTerapia Cellulare e CriobiologiaFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMangiagalli e Regina Elena20122 Milan Italy Dipartimento di Anatomia Patologica Ospedale San Paolo20142 MilanItaly Ematologia

The main goal of the study was to identify a novel source of human multipotent cells,overcoming ethical issues in-volved in embryonic stem cell research and the limited availability of most adult stem cells.Amniotic fluid cells(AFCs)are routinely obtained for prenatal diagnosis and can be expanded in vitro;nevertheless current knowledge about theirorigin and properties is limited.Twenty samples of AFCs were exposed in culture to adipogenic,osteogenic,neurogenicand myogenic media.Differentiation was evaluated using immunocytochemistry,RT-PCR and Western blotting.Beforetreatments,AFCs showed heterogeneous morphologies.They were negative for MyoD,Myf-5,MRF4,Myogenin andDesmin but positive for osteocalcin,PPARgamma2,GAP43,NSE,Nestin,MAP2,GFAP and beta tubulin Ⅲ by RT-PCR.The cells expressed Oct-4,Rex-1 and Runx-1,which characterize the undifferentiated stem cell state.By immunocyto-chemistry they expressed neural-glial proteins,mesenchymal and epithelial markers.After culture,AFCs differentiatedinto adipocytes and osteoblasts when the predominant cellular component was fibroblastic.Early and late neuronal an-tigens were still present after 2 week culture in neural specific media even if no neuronal morphologies were detectable.Our results provide evidence that human amniotic fluid contains progenitor cells with multi-lineage potential showingstem and tissue-specific gene/protein presence for several lineages.

关键词： amniotic fluid cells adult stem cells mesenchymal stem cells cellular differentiation plasticity

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Understanding the“SMART”features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 2030-2044页

作者： Shiru Yuan Guohuan Sun Yawen Zhang Fang Dong Hui Cheng Tao Cheng State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Center for stem Cell Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin 300020China Department of stem Cell&Regenerative Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice,hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)have become the gold standard for defining the properties of adult stem cells(ASCs).Here,we describe the“self-renewal,multilineage differentiation,apoptosis,rest,and trafficking”or“SMART”model,which has been developed based on data derived from studies of HSCs as the most well-characterized stem cell type.Given the potential therapeutic applications of ASCs,we delineate the key characteristics of HSCs using this model and speculate on the physiological relevance of stem cells identified in other tissues.Great strides are being made in understanding the biology of ASCs,and efforts are now underway to develop safe and effective ASC-based therapies in this emerging area.

关键词： stem cell biology adult stem cells hematopoietic stem cells

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stem cell-based approaches: Possible route to hearing restoration?

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World Journal of stem cells 2020年第6期12卷 422-437页

作者： María Beatriz Durán-Alonso Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics University of ValladolidValladolid 47003Spain

Disabling hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disability worldwide.It affects around 466 million people and its incidence is expected to rise to around 900 million people by 2050,according to World Health Organization estimates.Most cases of hearing impairment are due to the degeneration of hair cells(HCs)in the cochlea,mechano-receptors that transduce incoming sound information into electrical signals that are sent to the brain.Damage to these cells is mainly caused by exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to some anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin,loud sounds,age,infections and genetic mutations.Hearing deficits may also result from damage to the spiral ganglion neurons that innervate cochlear HCs.Differently from what is observed in avian and nonmammalian species,there is no regeneration of missing sensory cell types in the adult mammalian cochlea,what makes hearing loss an irreversible process.This review summarizes the research that has been conducted with the aim of developing cell-based strategies that lead to sensory cell replacement in the adult cochlea and,ultimately,to hearing restoration.Two main lines of research are discussed,one directed toward the transplantation of exogenous replacement cells into the damaged tissue,and another that aims at reactivating the regenerative potential of putative progenitor cells in the adult inner ear.Results from some of the studies that have been conducted are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches discussed.

关键词： Hearing loss Cochlear hair cells Spiral ganglion neurons Cell regeneration adult stem cells Cell transplantation

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Role of stem cell therapies in treating chronic wounds:A systematic review

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World Journal of stem cells 2020年第7期12卷 659-675页

作者： Anjali C Raghuram Roy P Yu Andrea Y Lo Cynthia J Sung Melissa Bircan Holly J Thompson Alex K Wong Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90033United States Wilson Dental Library Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USCLos AngelesCA 90089United States

BACKGROUND The impairment of cutaneous wound healing results in chronic,non-healing wounds that are caused by altered wound environment oxygenation,tissue injury,and permissive microbial growth.Current modalities for the treatment of these wounds inadequately address the complex changes involved in chronic wound pathogenesis.Consequently,stem cell therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic modality to promote cutaneous regeneration through trophic and paracrine activity.AIM To investigate current literature regarding use of stem cell therapies for the clinical treatment of chronic,non-healing wounds.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Scopus were queried with combinations of the search terms“mesenchymal stem cells,”“adult stem cells,”“embryonic stem cells,”“erythroid precursor cells,”“stem cell therapies,”and“chronic wounds”in order to find relevant articles published between the years of 2000 and 2019 to review a 20-year experience.Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles.Retrieved manuscripts(reviews,case reports/series,retrospective/prospective studies,and clinical trials)were evaluated by the authors for their depiction of clinical stem cell therapy use.Data were extracted from the articles using a standardized collection tool.RESULTS A total of 43 articles describing the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds were included in this review.While stem cell therapies have been explored in in vitro and in vivo applications in the past,recent efforts are geared towards assessing their clinical role.A review of the literature revealed that adipose-derived stem cells,bone marrow-derived stem cells,bone marrowderived mononuclear cells,epidermally-derived mesenchymal stem cells,fibroblast stem cells,keratinocyte stem cells,placental mesenchymal stem cells,and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have all been employed in the treatment of chronic wounds of various etiologies.Most recently,embryonic stem cells have eme

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Erythroid precursor cells stem cell therapies Chronic wounds

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Alternative splicing switching in stem cell lineages

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 50-59页

作者： Iouri CHEPELEV Xin CHEN Systems Biology Center National Heart Lung and Blood Institute NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Department of Biology The Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA

The application of stem cells to regenerative medicine depends on a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their pluripotency. Many studies have identified key transcription factor-regulated transcriptional networks and chromatin landscapes of embryonic and a number of adult stem cells. In addition, recent publications have revealed another interesting molecular feature of stem cells-- a distinct alternative splicing pattern. Thus, it is possible that both the identity and activity of stem cells are maintained by stem cell-specific mRNA isoforms, while switching to different isoforms ensures proper differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the generality of mRNA isoform switching and its interaction with other molecular mechanisms to regulate stem cell pluripotency, as well as the reprogramming process in which differentiated cells are induced to become pluripotent stem cell-like cells （iPSCs）.

关键词： alternative splicing embryonic stem cells adult stem cells stem cell maintenance and differentiation post-transcriptional regulation epigenetic regulation

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The potential and challenges of using stem cells for cardiovascular repair and regeneration

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Genes & Diseases 2014年第1期1卷 113-119页

作者： Qisi Sun Zhonge Zhang Zhongjie Sun Yale University New HavenCT 06520USA Department of Physiology College of MedicineUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104USA

Recent progress in using stem cells for tissue repair and functional restoration has aroused much attention due to its potential to provide a cue for many diseases such as myocardial infarction.stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease has been studied extensively at both experimental and clinical levels.Pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells were proven to be effective for myocardial regeneration,angiogenesis,and cardiac functional restoration.In this review,we will concisely discuss advantages and disadvantages of currently-used stem cells for cardiovascular repair and regeneration.The limitations and uniqueness of some types of stem cells will also be discussed.Although substantial progress has been made over the last decade about stem cells in cardiovascular regeneration,many challenges lie ahead before the therapeutic potentials of stem cells can be fully recognized.

关键词： adult stem cells Cardiovascular disease Embryonic stem cells Endothelial progenitor cells Hematopoietic stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells Myocardial repair Pluripotent potent stem cells

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