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adult stem cells in neural repair: Current options, limitations and perspectives

World Journal of stem cells 2015年第2期7卷 477-482页

作者： Eric Domingos Mariano Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie Guilherme Lepski Department of Neurology Medicine SchoolUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Center for Cellular and Molecular Studies and Therapy-NAP-NETCEM University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Department of Neurosurgery Medicine SchoolUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP 01246-903 Brazil Department of Neurosurgery Eberhard-Karls University 72074 Tuebingen Germany

stem cells represent a promising step for the future of regenerative medicine. As they are able to differentiate into any cell type, tissue or organ, these cells are great candidates for treatments against the worst diseasesthat defy doctors and researchers around the world. stem cells can be divided into three main groups:(1) embryonic stem cells;(2) fetal stem cells; and(3) adult stem cells. In terms of their capacity for proliferation, stem cells are also classified as totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent. adult stem cells, also known as somatic cells, are found in various regions of the adult organism, such as bone marrow, skin, eyes, viscera and brain. They can differentiate into unipotent cells of the residing tissue, generally for the purpose of repair. These cells represent an excellent choice in regenerative medicine, every patient can be a donor of adult stem cells to provide a more customized and efficient therapy against various diseases, in other words, they allow the opportunity of autologous transplantation. But in order to start clinical trials and achieve great results, we need to understand how these cells interact with the host tissue, how they can manipulate or be manipulated by the microenvironment where they will be transplanted and for how long they can maintain their multipotent state to provide a full regeneration.

关键词： stem cells stem cell therapy adult stem cells Neural stem cells Bone marrow stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells Olfactory ensheathing cells

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adult stem cells as a tool for kidney regeneration

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World Journal of Nephrology 2016年第1期5卷 43-52页

作者： Etsu Suzuki Daishi Fujita Masao Takahashi Shigeyoshi Oba Hiroaki Nishimatsu Institute of Medical Science St. Marianna Univer- sity School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tokyo

Kidney regeneration is a challenging but promisingstrategy aimed at reducing the progression to end-stagerenal disease （ESRD） and improving the quality of life of patients with ESRD. adult stem cells are multipotent stem cells that reside in various tissues, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue. Although intensive studies to isolate kidney stem/progenitor cells from the adult kidney have been performed, it remains controversial whether stem/progenitor cells actually exist in the mammalian adult kidney. The effcacy of mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） in the recovery of kidney function has been demonstrated in animal nephropathy models, such as acute tubular injury, glomerulonephritis, renal artery stenosis, and remnant kidney. However, their benefcial effects seem to be mediated largely via their paracrine effects rather than their direct differentiation into renal parenchymal cells. MSCs not only secrete bioactive molecules directly into the circulation, but they also release various molecules, such as proteins, mRNA, and microRNA, in membrane-covered vesicles. A detailed analysis of these molecules and an exploration of the optimal combination of these molecules will enable the treatment of patients with kidney disease without using stem cells. Another option for the treatment of patients with kidney disease using adult somatic cells is a direct/indirect reprogramming of adult somatic cells into kidney stem/progenitor cells. Although many hurdles still need to be overcome, this strategy will enable bona fde kidney regeneration rather than kidney repair using remnant renal parenchymal cells.

关键词： adult stem cells Direct reprogramming Extracellular vesicles Mesenchymal stem cells Paracrine factors Indirect reprogramming

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Mesh词表主题词扩展:成人干细胞-adult stem cells

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中国组织工程研究 2012年第1期 75-75页

adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells,found throughout the body after embryonic development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Also known as somatic stem cel... 详细信息

关键词：干细胞 adult stem cells Mesh stem 主题词叙词检索词词表词汇表成人

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Chemical modulation of cell fates： in situ regeneration

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2018年第10期61卷 1137-1150页

作者： Hua Qin Andong Zhao Xiaobing Fu Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070China Cell Biology and Tissue Repair Laboratory Key Laboratory of Wound Repair and Regeneration of PLA the First Hospital Affiliated to the PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048 China College of Life Sciences PLA General Hospital PLA Medical CollegeBeijing 100853 China

Chemical modulation of cell fates has been widely used to promote tissue and organ regeneration. Small molecules can target the self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and survival of endogenous stem cells for enhancing their regenerative power or induce dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation of mature cells into proliferative progenitors or specialized cell types needed for regeneration. Here, we discuss current progress and potential using small molecules to promote in vivo regenerative processes by regulating the cell fate. Current studies of small molecules in regeneration will provide insights into developing safe and efficient chemical approaches for in situ tissue repair and regeneration.

关键词： small molecule in situ regeneration adult stem cells somatic cells dedifferentiation transdifferentiation reprogramming

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Understanding the“SMART”features of hematopoietic stem cells and beyond

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第12期64卷 2030-2044页

作者： Shiru Yuan Guohuan Sun Yawen Zhang Fang Dong Hui Cheng Tao Cheng State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology National Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology&Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China Center for stem Cell Medicine Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesTianjin 300020China Department of stem Cell&Regenerative Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

Since the huge success of bone marrow transplantation technology in clinical practice,hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)have become the gold standard for defining the properties of adult stem cells(ASCs).Here,we describe the“self-renewal,multilineage differentiation,apoptosis,rest,and trafficking”or“SMART”model,which has been developed based on data derived from studies of HSCs as the most well-characterized stem cell *** the potential therapeutic applications of ASCs,we delineate the key characteristics of HSCs using this model and speculate on the physiological relevance of stem cells identified in other *** strides are being made in understanding the biology of ASCs,and efforts are now underway to develop safe and effective ASC-based therapies in this emerging area.

关键词： stem cell biology adult stem cells hematopoietic stem cells

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Generation of diverse neural cell types through direct conversion

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World Journal of stem cells 2016年第2期8卷 32-46页

作者： Gayle F Petersen Padraig M Strappe School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University

A characteristic of neurological disorders is the loss of critical populations of cells that the body is unable to replace,thus there has been much interest in identifying methods of generating clinically relevant numbers of cells to replace those that have been damaged or *** process of neural direct conversion,in which cells of one lineage are converted into cells of a neural lineage without first inducing pluripotency,shows great potential,with evidence of the generation of a range of functional neural cell types both in vitro and in vivo,through viral and non-viral delivery of exogenous factors,as well as chemical induction *** neural cells have been proposed as an attractive alternative to neural cells derived from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells,with prospective roles in the investigation of neurological disorders,including neurodegenerative disease modelling,drug screening,and cellular replacement for regenerative medicine applications,however further investigations into improving the efficacy and safety of these methods need to be performed before neural direct conversion becomes a clinically viable *** this review,we describe the generation of diverse neural cell types via direct conversion of somatic cells,with comparison against stem cell-based approaches,as well as discussion of their potential research and clinical applications.

关键词： adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Generation of neural cells Induced pluripotent stem cells In vitro differentiation In vivo differentiation Clinical applications Direct conversion Induced neural cells

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stem cell-based approaches: Possible route to hearing restoration?

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World Journal of stem cells 2020年第6期12卷 422-437页

作者： María Beatriz Durán-Alonso Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics University of ValladolidValladolid 47003Spain

Disabling hearing loss is the most common sensorineural disability *** affects around 466 million people and its incidence is expected to rise to around 900 million people by 2050,according to World Health Organization *** cases of hearing impairment are due to the degeneration of hair cells(HCs)in the cochlea,mechano-receptors that transduce incoming sound information into electrical signals that are sent to the *** to these cells is mainly caused by exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics and to some anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin,loud sounds,age,infections and genetic *** deficits may also result from damage to the spiral ganglion neurons that innervate cochlear *** from what is observed in avian and nonmammalian species,there is no regeneration of missing sensory cell types in the adult mammalian cochlea,what makes hearing loss an irreversible *** review summarizes the research that has been conducted with the aim of developing cell-based strategies that lead to sensory cell replacement in the adult cochlea and,ultimately,to hearing *** main lines of research are discussed,one directed toward the transplantation of exogenous replacement cells into the damaged tissue,and another that aims at reactivating the regenerative potential of putative progenitor cells in the adult inner *** from some of the studies that have been conducted are presented and the advantages and drawbacks of the various approaches discussed.

关键词： Hearing loss Cochlear hair cells Spiral ganglion neurons Cell regeneration adult stem cells Cell transplantation

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Clinical trials using dental stem cells:2022 update

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World Journal of stem cells 2023年第3期15卷 31-51页

作者： Wen-Peng Song Lu-Yuan Jin Meng-Di Zhu Hao Wang Deng-Sheng Xia Department of Stomatology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of General Dentistry and Integrated Emergency Dental Care Beijing Stomatological HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China

For nearly 20 years,dental stem cells(DSCs)have been successfully isolated from mature/immature teeth and surrounding tissue,including dental pulp of permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth,periodontal ligaments,dental follicles,and gingival and apical *** have several properties(such as self-renewal,multidirectional differentiation,and immunomodulation)and exhibit enormous potential for clinical *** date,many clinical articles and clinical trials using DSCs have reported the treatment of pulpitis,periapical lesions,periodontitis,cleft lip and palate,acute ischemic stroke,and so on,and DSC-based therapies obtained satisfactory effects in most clinical *** these studies,no adverse events were reported,which suggested the safety of DSC-based *** this review,we outline the characteristics of DSCs and summ-arize clinical trials and their safety as DSC-based ***,we also present the current limitations and perspectives of DSC-based therapy(such as harvesting DSCs from inflamed tissue,applying DSC-conditioned medi-um/DSC-derived extracellular vesicles,and expanding-free strategies)to provide a theoretical basis for their clinical applications.

关键词： Dental stem cells adult stem cells Dental pulp Tissue regeneration

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Role of stem cell therapies in treating chronic wounds:A systematic review

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World Journal of stem cells 2020年第7期12卷 659-675页

作者： Anjali C Raghuram Roy P Yu Andrea Y Lo Cynthia J Sung Melissa Bircan Holly J Thompson Alex K Wong Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Keck School of Medicine of USCLos AngelesCA 90033United States Wilson Dental Library Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry of USCLos AngelesCA 90089United States

BACKGROUND The impairment of cutaneous wound healing results in chronic,non-healing wounds that are caused by altered wound environment oxygenation,tissue injury,and permissive microbial *** modalities for the treatment of these wounds inadequately address the complex changes involved in chronic wound ***,stem cell therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic modality to promote cutaneous regeneration through trophic and paracrine *** To investigate current literature regarding use of stem cell therapies for the clinical treatment of chronic,non-healing *** PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and Scopus were queried with combinations of the search terms“mesenchymal stem cells,”“adult stem cells,”“embryonic stem cells,”“erythroid precursor cells,”“stem cell therapies,”and“chronic wounds”in order to find relevant articles published between the years of 2000 and 2019 to review a 20-year *** lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent *** manuscripts(reviews,case reports/series,retrospective/prospective studies,and clinical trials)were evaluated by the authors for their depiction of clinical stem cell therapy *** were extracted from the articles using a standardized collection *** A total of 43 articles describing the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds were included in this *** stem cell therapies have been explored in in vitro and in vivo applications in the past,recent efforts are geared towards assessing their clinical role.A review of the literature revealed that adipose-derived stem cells,bone marrow-derived stem cells,bone marrowderived mononuclear cells,epidermally-derived mesenchymal stem cells,fibroblast stem cells,keratinocyte stem cells,placental mesenchymal stem cells,and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have all been employed in the treatment of chronic wounds of various etiolo

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells Erythroid precursor cells stem cell therapies Chronic wounds

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Alternative splicing switching in stem cell lineages

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第1期8卷 50-59页

作者： Iouri CHEPELEV Xin CHEN Systems Biology Center National Heart Lung and Blood Institute NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA Department of Biology The Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA

The application of stem cells to regenerative medicine depends on a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their pluripotency. Many studies have identified key transcription factor-regulated transcriptional networks and chromatin landscapes of embryonic and a number of adult stem cells. In addition, recent publications have revealed another interesting molecular feature of stem cells-- a distinct alternative splicing pattern. Thus, it is possible that both the identity and activity of stem cells are maintained by stem cell-specific mRNA isoforms, while switching to different isoforms ensures proper differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the generality of mRNA isoform switching and its interaction with other molecular mechanisms to regulate stem cell pluripotency, as well as the reprogramming process in which differentiated cells are induced to become pluripotent stem cell-like cells （iPSCs）.

关键词： alternative splicing embryonic stem cells adult stem cells stem cell maintenance and differentiation post-transcriptional regulation epigenetic regulation

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