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Preliminary study on investigation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in endemic foci of Ethiopia by detecting Leishmania infections in rodents

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 396-400页

作者： Wossenseged Lemma Asrat Bizuneh Habte Tekie Habtamu Belay Hirut Wondimu Aysheshm Kassahun Welelta Shiferaw Meshesha Balkew Ibrahim Abassi Gad Baneth Asrat Hailu Department of Medical Parasitology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologySchool of MedicineAddis Ababa University Department of Zoological Sciences College of Natural ScienceAddis Ababa University Department of Parasitology Faculty of ScienceCharles University in Prague Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canadathe Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseasesthe Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School School of Veterinary Medicine Hebrew University

Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural ***:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,***(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic *** tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN *** and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for *** tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania ***:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal *** infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus *** all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) *** all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar ***:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus *** studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.

关键词： zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis Phlebotomus orientalis Phlebotomus martini Leishmania donovani Reservoir hosts Ethiopia

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Mathematical modelling for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis dynamics:A new analysis considering updated parameters and notified human Brazilian data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2017年第2期2卷 143-160页

作者： Helio Junji Shimozako Jianhong Wu Eduardo Massad Faculty of Medicine University of S~ao Paulo and LIM 01-HCFMUSPAvenida Dr.Arnaldo 45501246-903Sao PauloSPBrazil Centre for Disease Modelling York Institute for Health ResearchYork University4700Keele StreetTorontoONM3J 1P3Canada London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine University of LondonUK

Brazil is one of the highest endemic countries for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis:according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health,the annual number of new human cases and deaths due to this disease has been increasing for the last 20 *** addition,regarding the Americas,the specific relationship between canine and human for visceral leishmaniasis dynamics is still not well *** this work we propose a new model for zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis,based on the models previously published by Burattini et al.(1998)and Ribas et al.(2013).Herein,we modeled the disease dynamics using a modified set of differential equations from those two authors,considering the same assumptions(inclusion of human,dog and sandfly populations,all constants over time).From this set of equations we were able to calculate the basic reproduction number R 0 and to analyze the stability and sensitivity of the system to the parameters *** main result,when the stability of the system is reached,the normalized reporting human cases rate is estimated in 9.12E-08/*** estimation is very close to the 2015 report from Araçatuba city,5.69E-08/*** also observed from stability and sensitivity analysis that the activity of sandfly population is critical to introduction and maintenance of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the *** addition,the importance of dog as source of infection concentrates on latent dog,since it does not show clinical symptoms and signs and,therefore,has a great contribution to disease *** conclusion,considering the presently ethical issues regarding to elimination of positive dog in Brazil and the highly sensitivity of disease dynamics on sandfly population,we recommend that the sandfly population control should be prioritized.

关键词： zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis Disease dynamics Mathematical modelling Epidemiology

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