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A bi-scale assessing framework for aesthetic ecosystem services of villages in a world heritage site

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第3期19卷 874-891页

作者： DING Yin-ping LIU Zhi-lin JIAO Yuan-mei XU Qiu-e ZHANG Kan-feng LIU Cheng-jing CHEN Fan Faculty of Geography Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China

The relative spatial scale relationship of observers and ecosystem and their aesthetic dynamic interaction process are fundamental to evaluation and optimization of aesthetic ecosystem service(AES).A comprehensive and efficient framework for the assessment of AES is lack in the integration of scale relationship and dynamic *** study took 9 villages in 4 different developmental stages(traditional,folk,rapidly changed,newly built)in Honghe Hani Rice Terraces,a world heritage site,as the research *** two scales,viewing from inside and outside,the bi-scale assessing framework was established,which includes the three components of interaction process,connection area(as precondition of interaction),quality(as result of interaction),and influencing factors of quality(elements’characteristics of villages).Among them,the connection areas were evaluated with visual and traffic accessibility along the *** quality and influencing factors were evaluated through participatory preferences methods by expert *** influencing factors include 9 characteristics,such as,space size,architecture layout,vegetation species richness,color *** results suggested that villages with high AES quality and low accessibility need to be optimized,and the key influencing factors are space size,architecture layout,color harmony and surrounding ***,the bi-scale assessing framework can provide important references for decision making and visual protection regulations on the villages.

关键词： Aesthetic ecosystem service Bi-scale framework Hani Rice Terraces world heritage Minority village

Measuring Recreational Value of world heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou

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Chinese Geographical Science 2011年第1期21卷 119-128页

作者： DONG Xuewang ZHANG Jie ZHI Ruizhi ZHONG Shi'en LI Min Department of Land Resources and Tourism Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Economics and Management Zhejiang University of Science and Technology Hangzhou 310018 China

world heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the world Natural heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.

关键词： Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) Willingness to Pay (WTP) tourist's attitude tourist's preference world heritage recreational value bias Jiuzhalgou

Cultural Landscape in world heritage Conservation and Cultural Landscape Conservation Challenges in Asia

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Built heritage 2018年第3期2卷 3-26页

作者： Mechtild Rössler Roland Chih-Hung Lin world heritage Centre United Nations EducationalScientific and Cultural OrganisationParisFrance

UNESCO was the first United Nations agency to deal with landscapes at a global scale,notably through the world heritage *** 1992,‘Cultural Landscapes’became a new category on the world heritage List combining works of nature and of humankind:cultural landscapes often illustrate a specific relation between people and nature and can reflect techniques of sustainable land use,fostering strong links between culture and sustainable *** such as the UNESCO-Greece Melina Mercouri International Prize highlight outstanding examples of safeguarding activities at the world’s major cultural landscapes and offer opportunities to share good practices and create *** landscapes face numerous threats across the world,and especially in Asia,with its growing infrastructure development and *** article shares some of the knowledge and experience garnered by UNESCO through its conservation and management activities at cultural landscapes in Asia(Bamiyan Valley in Afghanistan,Bhutan,Silk Roads heritage corridors)and highlights the urgent need for a cultural-historical-natural territory approach to address the pressing challenges for the conservation of Cultural Landscapes in ***,the article advocates for a strong focus on the peoples and communities that inhabit these territories and their involvement at all stages.

关键词： cultural landscape world heritage conservation management Asia Bhutan Bamiyan Silk Roads

Impact Assessments for Urban world heritage:European Experiences under Scrutiny

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Built heritage 2018年第4期2卷 58-71页

作者： Dennis Rodwell Michael Turner Cultural heritage and Sustainable Urban Development MelroseScotlandUK Graduate Program in Urban Design Bezalel Academy of Arts and DesignJerusalemIsrael

In the context of the broadening understanding of urban heritage,including the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape and related United Nations agendas such as the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda,this article questions the relevance of limited-focused impact assessments as a tool for the holistic management of complex urban sites in the 21st *** article identifies pitfalls in the use of such assessments,illustrating this principally with two cases in which retrospective assessments were undertaken post-inscription in an attempt to address conflicting interests:the visual impact study for Dresden Elbe Valley,inscribed on the world heritage List in 2004 and delisted in 2009;and the three impact assessments for Liverpool Maritime Mercantile world heritage Site,also inscribed in 2004,and placed on the List of world heritage in Danger continuously since *** article identifies critical missing elements that are inherent in discrete assessments,and provides indicators for practical tools with relevant applicability.

关键词： assessment reactive proactive world heritage Historic Urban Landscape sustainable development

Study of living fossil of historic cities--taking historic city Ping Yao in world heritage list as an example

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2000年第3期10卷 45-52页

作者： TAO Wei1, TIAN Ying-sheng2 (1.Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2.Institute of Architectural and Urban Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

world heritage belongs to all the peoples of the world, irrespective of the territory on which they are living. The world heritage list draws attention to the wealth and diversity of the Earth's cultural and natural heritage. Historic cities in world heritage list agglomerates the elite of the noblest stage in human civilization history, whose outstanding historic, artistic and scientific values make them the living fossils of urban historic study.

关键词： world heritage historic city value

Ticket Price of world heritage Scenic Areas in China

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Journal of Landscape Research 2016年第2期8卷 75-76页

作者： DONG Jingwen REN Chenghao QU Jingbo JIA Yunqing Col ege of Business Administration Liaoning University of Science and Technology

This paper investigated ticket price system of 48 world heritage scenic areas in China, and discovered that ticket price of world heritage scenic areas in China was generally high. Disadvantages of this phenomenon wer... 详细信息

关键词： world heritage Scenic area Ticket price

Sustainable Tourism Development of Landscape heritage in a Rural Community: A Case Study of Azheke Village at China Hani Rice Terraces

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Built heritage 2017年第4期1卷 37-51页

作者： Lin Zhang William Stewart College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina College of Applied Health Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignUSA

According to the world heritage Convention,rural landscapes are evolving cultural landscapes and their heritage and management is a major international *** proposal of‘UNESCO world heritage Sustainable Tourism(WH+ST)’has enlightened different arguments about protection and utilisation of the value of rural landscape *** Outstanding Universal Value(OUV)of rural landscapes results from the interaction of nature and *** community residents are critical for the sustainable tourism development of rural landscape *** would lose their authenticity and integrity without participation of community *** the same time tourism is promoting the economic development of communities,tourism will affect its natural environment and social culture in varying *** of such impacts,rural landscapes are subject to the risk of becoming overly *** this sense,the discussion will focus on how to achieve balance among the various forces stemming from protection of the OUV of rural heritage,economic development and sustainable community-based *** paper is based on field research at the world heritage Hani Rice Terraces at Azheke Village(Yunnan Province,China).At this site,the agricultural landscape,architectural design,rural culture,and social traditions have confronted challenges because of the rapid development of the tourism industry soon after designation as a world heritage Site in *** planning was carried out in respect of three key problems:(1)How to motivate community residents’sense of recognition and honour of the heritage value?(2)How to create the manner and approach for the community residents to participate in rural sustainable tourism?and(3)How to improve the social residents’interests in the course of developing rural heritage tourism?Specific planning measures and suggestions have also been proposed in hopes that community residents take the initiative to protect,utilise and undertake th

关键词： rural landscape world heritage sustainable tourism community participation

Coastal wetlands in Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province,China:probably the most important site globally for the Asian Dowitcher(Limnodromus semipalmatus)

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 364-374页

作者： Ziyou Yang Jing Li Yongxiang Han Chris J.Hassell Kar-Sin Katherine Leung David S.Melville Yat-tung Yu Lin Zhang Chi-Yeung Choi Spoon-Billed Sandpiper(Shanghai)Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201100China Lianyungang Xugou Primary School Lian-yungang 222042China Global Flyway Network PO Box 3089BroomeWA 6725Australia Hong Kong Waterbirds Ringing Group Mai Po Nature ReserveHong KongChina 1261 Dovedale Road RD 2 WakefieldNelson 7096New Zealand Hong Kong Bird Watching Society 7CV Ga Building532 Castle Peak RoadLai Chi KokKowloonHong KongChina School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Background:Despite an increasing number of surveys and a growing interest in birdwatching,the population and distribution of Asian Dowitcher(Limnodromus semipalmatus),a species endemic to the East Asian-Australasian and Central Asian Flyways,remains poorly understood,and published information about the species is largely *** boreal spring 2019,over 22,432 Asian Dowitchers were recorded in a coastal wetland at Lianyungang,Jiangsu Prov-ince,China,constituting 97.5%of its estimated global ***:In 2019 and 2020,we conducted field surveys at Lianyungang to determine the numbers of Asian Dow-itchers using the area during both southward and northward *** also assessed the distribution and abun-dance of Asian Dowitchers elsewhere along the China coast by searching literature and consulting expert ***:The coastal wetlands of Lianyungang are the most important stopover site for Asian Dowitchers during both northward and southward migrations;they supported over 90%of the estimated global population during north-ward migration in two consecutive years(May 2019 and 2020).This area also supported at least 15.83%and 28.42%(or 30.74%and 53.51%using modelled estimates)of the global population during southward migration in 2019 and 2020 *** wetlands in the west and north of Bohai Bay also have been important stopover sites for the species since the *** comprehensive,long-term monitoring data are lacking,available evidence sug-gests that the population of the species may have ***:The high concentration of Asian Dowitchers at Lianyungang during migration means the species is highly susceptible to human disturbances and natural stochastic *** coastal wetlands of Lianyungang should be protected and potentially qualify for inclusion in China’s forthcoming nomination for world heritage listing of Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China(Phase II)in ***

关键词： Lianyungang Limnodromus semipalmatus Shorebird Stopover ecology Yellow Sea world heritage

Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2007年第2期17卷 187-196页

作者： WANG Lianyong National Park Lab Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 world heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.

关键词： Sichuan national geopark of China UNESCO Global Geopark world heritage doubled designation heritage conservation