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Effects of weaning on intestinal longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus function in piglets

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 379-390页

作者： Jing Li Fenfen Liu Kaibin Mo Hengjia Ni Yulong Yin Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic ProcessHunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry SciencesSouth Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100008China Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary MedicineSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

weaning piglets usually suffer from severe diarrhea(commonly known as postweaning diarrhea,PWD)along with intestinal motility *** peristalsis is mainly regulated by the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus(LM-MP).To understand the relationship between intestinal LM-MP function and the development of PWD,we compared the intestinal electrical activity,and the transcriptional profile of the LM-MP between 21-day-old piglets(just weaned,n=7)and 24-day-old piglets(suffered the most severe weaning stress,n=7).The results showed that 24-day-old piglets exhibited different degrees of diarrhea.A significant increase in the slow-wave frequency in the ileum and colon was observed in 24-day-old piglets,while c-kit expression in the intestinal LM-MPs was significantly decreased,indicating that PWD caused by elevated slow-wave frequency may be associated with loss of *** real-time quantitative PCR(RT-q PCR)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)showed that intestinal LM-MPs in 24-day-old piglets may undergo inflammation and oxidative *** increases in 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and decreases in thioredoxin suggest that weaning may lead to DNA damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old *** addition,activating transcription factor 3 was significantly upregulated,indicating nerve damage in the LM-MP of 24-day-old *** transcriptomic results showed that most of the differentially expressed genes in the ileal LM-MP after weaning were downregulated and closely related to the cell cycle *** RT-q PCR analysis showed that the relative expression of p21 was upregulated,while the expression of cyclin A2,cyclin B1,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was downregulated in the ileal and colonic LM-MP of 24-day-old piglets,suggesting that weaning may inhibit cell proliferation and cause G1/S cell cycle arrest in ileal and colonic *** conclusion,weaning may lead to cell cycle arrest by causing DNA damage in the LM-MP,impairing i

关键词： weaning piglets diarrhea longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus

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weaning methods affect ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein calves

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第5期18卷 1080-1092页

作者： DONG Li-feng MA Jun-nan TU Yan DIAO Qi-yu Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology Ministry of Agriculture

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of different weaning methods on the ruminal methanogenic archaea composition and diversity in Holstein ***-six newborn Holstein bull calves were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments:(1)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of solid feed(CWS);(2)conventional weaning(d 56)and fed a high proportion of liquid feed(CWL);(3)early weaning(d 42)and fed with a high proportion of solid feed(EWS).High-throughput sequencing of the methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcr A)gene,which encodes theα-subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase-the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in methanogenesis was used to determine the composition and diversity of rumen *** significant difference(P>0.05)was observed for operational taxonomic units(OTUs)or richness indices,but diversity indices increased(Pweaning *** study identified a positive relationship between butyrate and Methanobrevibacter *** AbM4,potentially reflecting correlations between ruminal fermentation variables and methanogenesis *** in-depth analyses provide further understanding of weaning methods for intensified production systems.

关键词： calf methyl coenzyme M reductase(mcrA)gene methanogenic archaea diversity rumen fermentation weaning methods

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weaning-associated feed deprivation stress causes microbiota disruptions in a novel mucin-containing in vitro model of the piglet colon(MPigut-IVM)

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1428-1450页

作者： Raphaële Gresse Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand Sylvain Denis Martin Beaumont Tom Van de Wiele Evelyne Forano Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot UniversitéClermont Auvergne INRAEUMR 454 MEDISF-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance Lallemand SAS F-31702 BlagnacCedexFrance GenPhySE Universitéde ToulouseINRAEENVTF-31326 Castanet-TolosanFrance Ghent University Center for Microbial Ecology and TechnologyB-9000 GhentBelgium

Background:Risk factors for the etiology of post-weaning diarrhea,a major problem in swine industry associated with enormous economic losses,remain to be fully *** concordance with the ethical concerns raised by animal experiments,we developed a new in vitro model of the weaning piglet colon(MPigut-IVM)including a mucin bead compartment to reproduce the mucus surface from the gut to which gut microbes can ***:Our results indicated that the MPigut-IVM is able to establish a representative piglet archaeal and bacterial colon microbiota in terms of taxonomic composition and *** MPigut-IVM was consequently used to investigate the potential effects of feed deprivation,a common consequence of weaning in piglets,on the *** lack of nutrients in the MPigut-IVM led to an increased abundance of Prevotellaceae and Escherichia-Shigella and a decrease in Bacteroidiaceae and confirms previous in vivo *** top of a strong increase in redox potential,the feed deprivation stress induced modifications of microbial metabolite production such as a decrease in acetate and an increase in proportional valerate,isovalerate and isobutyrate ***:The MPigut-IVM is able to simulate luminal and mucosal piglet microbiota and represent an innovative tool for comparative studies to investigate the impact of weaning stressors on piglet ***,weaning-associated feed deprivation in piglets provokes disruptions of MPigut-IVM microbiota composition and functionality and could be implicated in the onset of post-weaning dysbiosis in piglets.

关键词： Colon Dysbiosis In vitro gut model Microbiota Mucin Piglet weaning

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weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development:Implications for lifelong gut health in pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 313-321页

作者： Adam J.Moeser Calvin S.Pohl Mrigendra Rajput Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory Department of Large Animal Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State University Neuroscience Program Michigan State University Department of Physiology Michigan State University

The gastrointestinal(GI) barrier serves a critical role in survival and overall health of animals and humans. Several layers of barrier defense mechanisms are provided by the epithelial, immune and enteric nervous systems. Together they act in concert to control normal gut functions(e.g., digestion,absorption, secretion, immunity, etc.) whereas at the same time provide a barrier from the hostile conditions in the luminal environment. Breakdown of these critical GI functions is a central pathophysiological mechanism in the most serious GI disorders in pigs. This review will focus on the development and functional properties of the GI barrier in pigs and how common early life production stressors, such as weaning, can alter immediate and long-term barrier function and disease *** stress-related pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for driving GI barrier dysfunction induced by weaning and the implications to animal health and performance will be discussed.

关键词： Intestinal barrier Pigs Stress weaning Gut health Mast cells

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weaning preterm infants from continuous positive airway pressure: evidence for best practice

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第3期11卷 212-218页

作者： Hesham Abdel-Hady Basma Shouman Nehad Nasef Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Mansoura University Children's HospitalMansouraEgypt

Background:Nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)is frequently used in preterm ***,there is no consensus on when and how to wean them from *** sources:Based on recent publications,we have reviewed the criteria of readiness-to-wean and factors affecting weaning success.A special focus is placed on the methods of weaning from NCPAP in preterm ***:Practical points of when and how to wean from NCPAP in preterm infants are *** infants are ready to be weaned from NCPAP when they are stable on a low NCPAP pressure with no(or minimal)oxygen *** used to wean from NCPAP include:sudden weaning of NCPAP,gradual decrease of NCPAP pressure,graded-time-off NCPAP(cycling),weaning to high or low flow nasal cannula,and a combination of these *** best strategy for weaning is yet to be ***-off NCPAP increases the duration of NCPAP and length of hospital stay without beneficial effect on success of *** decrease of NCPAP pressure is more physiological and better tolerated than cycling-off ***:Further studies are needed to reach a consensus regarding the optimal timing and the best method for weaning from NCPAP in preterm infants.

关键词： continuous positive airway pressure preterm infant weaning

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weaning of nasal CPAP in preterm infants:who,when and how?a systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第1期11卷 7-13页

作者： Shaili Amatya Deepa Rastogi Alok Bhutada Shantanu Rastogi Division of Neonatology Maimonides Infants&Children's Hospital4802 Tenth AveK-113Brooklyn NY 11219USA Children's Hospital at Montefiore Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467USA

Background:There is increased use of early nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP)to manage respiratory distress in preterm infants but optimal methods and factors associated with successful wean are not well defined.A systematic review was performed to define the corected gestational age(CGA),weight to wean NCPAP and the methods associated with successful weaning of the NCPAP among preterm infants,along with factors affecting ***:Searches were made of PubMed using the keywords-NCPAP,CPAP,weaning,withdrawal,preterm,and infants from its inception to January 1st,2014,for studies in all languages but limited to *** reviews(including cross references)were also *** included all randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials where preterm neonates were randomized to different NCPAP weaning *** of CGA,weight and methods used for weaning NCPAP were extracted along with factors which affect its ***:Seven studies met the search *** successful wean was at 32 to 33 weeks CGA and at 1600 *** different methods were used for weaning were sudden,gradual pressure wean and gradual graded time off *** for readiness,success and failure to wean were *** affecting successful weaning were intubation,anemia,infection and gastro-esophageal ***:The successful wean was at 32 to 33 weeks CGA and 1600 *** for readiness,success and failure to wean are well *** weaning may be associated with a shorter weaning *** trials are needed comparing weaning methods using defined criteria for readiness and success of NCPAP wean and stratify the results by gestational age and birth weight.

关键词： continuous positive airway pressure infants preterm systematic review weaning

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The dynamics of the piglet gut microbiome during the weaning transition in association with health and nutrition

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 971-979页

作者： Robin B.Guevarra Sang Hyun Hong Jin Ho Cho Bo-Ra Kim Jiwon Shin Jun Hyung Lee Bit Na Kang Young Hwa Kim Suphot Wattanaphansak Richard E.Isaacson Minho Song Hyeun Bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonanSouth Korea Division of Food and Animal Sciences Chungbuk National UniversityCheongjuSouth Korea Abbvie Bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMAUSA National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationWanjuSouth Korea Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary ScienceChulalongkorn UniversityPathum WanBangkok 10330Thailand Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Division of Animal and Dairy Science Chungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea

Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in ***, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid ***: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing ***: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during *** results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.

关键词： Metagenomics Microbiome Piglets 16S rRNA weaning

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Serum biochemical parameters and amino acids metabolism are altered in piglets by early-weaning and proline and putrescine supplementations

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 334-345页

作者： Jing wang Yuxin Xiao Jianjun Li Ming Qi Bie Tan Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Life SciencesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China College of Animal Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical RegionNational Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry ProductionInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10008China

The study was to investigate the effect of early-weaning stress and proline(Pro)and putrescine(Put)supplementations on serum biochemical parameters and amino acids(AA)metabolism in suckling and post-weaning *** and small intestinal mucosa were harvested from suckling piglets at 1,7,14,and 21 d of age and piglets on d 1,3,5,and 7 after weaning at 14 d of age,as well as from piglets received oral administration of Pro and Put from 1 to 14 d *** suckling piglets,the serum glucose,albumin and total cholesterol levels were increased(Pweaning at 14 d old increased(Pweaning *** but not Put treatment enhanced(Pweaning dramati-cally altered the biochemical blood metabolites,AA profile and intestinal mTOR pathway activity,and Pro and Put supplementations improved the AA metabolism and transportation as well as activated the intestinal mTOR pathway in weanling-pigs.

关键词： Proline Putrescine Amino acid mTOR signaling pathway weaning Piglet

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Effect of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on weaning success in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation： a meta-analysis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第7期126卷 1337-1343页

作者： ZHU Fen LIU Zi-long LONG Xuan WU Xiao-dan ZHOU Jing BAI Chun-xue LI Shan-qun Department of Pulmonary Medicine Center of Snoring and Sleep Apnea Medicine Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China

Background Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation （NIPPV） has been proposed to shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in intubated patients, especially those who fail initial weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation （IMV）. However, there are also some discrepancies in terms of weaning success or failure, incidence of re-intubation, complications observed during study and patient outcomes. The primary objective of this update was to specifically investigate the role of NIPPV on facilitating weaning and avoiding re-intubation in patients intubated for different etiologies of acute respiratory failure, by comparing with conventional invasive weaning approach. Methods We searched randomized controlled trials （RCTs） comparing noninvasive weaning of early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV with invasive weaning in intubated patients from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Knowledge and Springerlink databases. Records from conference proceedings and reference lists of relevant studies were also identified. Results A total of 11 RCTs with 623 patients were available for the present analysis. Compared with IMV, NIPPV significantly increased weaning success rates （odds ratio （OR）： 2.50, 95% confidence interval （C/）： 1.46-4.30, P=0.0009）, decreased mortality （OR： 0.39, 95% CI： 0.20-0.75, P=0.005）, and reduced the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia （VAP）（OR： 0.17, 95% CI： 0.08-0.37, P 〈0.00001） and complications （OR： 0.22, 95% CI： 0.07-0.72, P=0.01）. However, effect of NIPPV on re-intubation did not reach statistical difference （OR： 0.61, 95% CI： 0.33-1.11, P=0.11）. Conclusions Early extubation and immediate application of NIPPV is superior to conventional invasive weaning approach in increasing weaning success rates, decreasing the risk of mortality and reducing the incidence of VAP and complications, in patients who need weaning from IMV. However, it should be applied with caution, as there is insufficie

关键词： noninvasive positive pressure ventilation invasive mechanical ventilation weaning meta-analysis

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Growth performance and rumen microorganism differ between segregated weaning lambs and grazing lambs

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 872-878页

作者： JI Shou-kun JIANG Cheng-gang LI Rui DIAO Qi-yu TU Yan ZHANG Nai-feng SI Bing-wen Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jinfeng Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd.

Two feeding patterns of the segregated weaning or grazing in the pasture are carried out worldwide in animal production. To investigate the difference of growth performance and rumen microorganism population related to methane metabolism in the two feeding patterns, three groups of lambs （70 in total） were used： weaning at 21 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （3WK group with 20 lambs）, weaning at 35 days old and being subjected to high-concentration diets （5WK group with 20 lambs）, or grazing at pasture with the nursing mother （Grazing group with 30 lambs）. The growth performance, pH value of rumen content, and the rumen microbes were investigated during weaning period and fattening period with approximately 3 months. Our results showed that lambs in 3WK and 5WK groups demonstrated a better growth performance than the lambs in Grazing group, but no significant difference was observed in the pH value between the three groups （P〉0.05）. The total rumen bacterial population of the Grazing lambs was significantly lower than that of 3WK lambs （P〈0.05） and 5WK lambs （P〈0.05）; however, the population of methanogens was 4.2- and 2.7-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs compared with Grazing lambs, respectively; protozoa were also 3.5- and 3.4-fold lower in the 3WK （P〈0.05） and 5WK （P〈0.05） lambs, respectively. The results revealed that segregated weaning lambs may have better growth performance, and reduce methane-producing microbes.

关键词： weaning grazing growth performance microorganism methane emission

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