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Effects of Geometrical Characteristics of Suture on Fracture Resistance of walnut Shell

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第6期20卷 2732-2741页

作者： Peng Xu Lizhen Wang Jinglong Liu Yanxian Yue Yubo Fan Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology(Beihang University) Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China School of Engineering Medicine Beihang UniversityBeijing100083China

Nut shells have good impact and fracture resistance,but many kinds of nut shells have suture structures with low bonding ***,the mechanism of impact and fracture resistance of nut shells as a whole is important to study,particularly given that sutures maintain low bonding *** this study,we investigated the effect of the geometrical characteristics of sutures(morphology,thickness,and number)on the overall fracture resistance of walnuts,based on mechanical tests of C-ring samples,microstructure analysis after cracking,quantitative analysis of suture geometric model,and numerical *** found that the cracking of walnuts was mainly caused by tensile stress,and the bonding strength was approximately 2.48±0.64 *** discovered that the thickness of the suture was 1.55±0.32 times thicker than the shell,which improved the fracture resistance ability by more than 28.4%.The undulating and inclined morphology of the walnut suture also increased the fracture ***,an appropriate suture number reduced the cracking of *** conclusion,our study sheds light on the physiological function of walnut sutures from a biomechanical perspective and provides useful references for designing fracture resistance measures in thin shell structures.

关键词： Fracture resistance walnut Suture Bonding strength Numerical simulations Biomechanics

Comparative transcriptome analysis on candidate genes involved in lipid biosynthesis of developing kernels for three walnut cultivars in Xinjiang

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第5期11卷 1201-1214页

作者： Wenqiang Wang Hao Wen Qiang Jin Wenjun Yu Gen Li Minyu Wu Hongjin Bai Lirong Shen Cuiyun Wu Department of Food Science and Nutrition Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food ProcessingZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China College of Horticulture and Forestry Tarim UniversityAlar 843300China

walnut(Juglans regia L.)is a good source of lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs).In order to explore the biosynthesis molecular mechanism of oil accumulation and fatty acid(FA)synthesis in walnut,the samples at different development periods of three walnut cultivars,’Zhipi’(ZP),’Xinwu 417’(W417)and’Xinwen 81’(W81)were collected for transcriptomic *** analysis of oil accumulation and FA profiles showed that the oil content in mature walnut kernel was nearly 70%,and over 90%of FAs were *** identified 126 candidate genes including 64 genes for FA de novo synthesis,45 genes for triacylglycerol assembly,and 17 genes for oil bodies involved in lipid biosynthesis by *** key enzymes including ACCase,LACS6,LACS8,SAD,FAD2,FAD3,LPAAT1,DGAT2,PDAT2,and PLC encoded by 19 genes were highly associated with lipid *** PCR analysis further validated 9 important genes,and the results were well consistent with our transcriptomic ***,5 important transcription factors including WRI1,ABI3,FUS3,PKL and VAL1 were identified,and their main regulatory genes might contain ACCase,KASII,LACS,FAD3 and LPAAT which were determined through correlation analysis of expression levels for 27 walnut *** findings will provide a comprehensive understanding and valuable information on the genetic engineering and molecular breeding in walnut.

关键词： walnut Oil accumulation Triacylglycerol assembly Transcription factors Correlation analysis

Genetic analysis of walnut cultivars from southwest China:Implications for germplasm improvement

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Plant Diversity 2022年第6期44卷 530-541页

作者： Moses C.Wambulwa Peng-Zhen Fan Richard Milne Zeng-Yuan Wu Ya-Huang Luo Yue-Hua Wang Hong Wang Lian-Ming Gao Zuo-Ying Xiahou Ye-Chuan Jin Lin-Jiang Ye Zu-Chang Xu Zhi-Chun Yang De-Zhu Li Jie Liu CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Department of Life Sciences South Eastern Kenya University170-90200KituiKenya University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK School of School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunming650091YunnanChina Yangbi Forestry and Grassland Administration Dali672500YunnanChina College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina

walnuts are highly valued for their rich nutritional profile and wide medicinal *** demand has led to the intensification of breeding activities in major walnut production areas such as southwest China,in order to develop more superior *** the increasing number of cultivars,accurate identification becomes fundamental to selecting the right cultivar for grafting,industrial processing or development of new *** ensure proper identification of cultivars and understand the genetic structure of wild and cultivated material,we genotyped 362 cultivated and wild individuals of walnut trees from southwest China(with two additional populations from Xinjiang,plus three cultivars from Canada,France and Belgium) using 36 polymorphic microsatellite *** found relatively low indices of genetic diversity(H_(O)=0.570,H_(E)=0.404,N_(A)=2.345) as well as a high level of clonality(>85% of cultivars),indicating reliance on genetically narrow sources of parental material for *** STRUCTURE and PCoA analyses generally delineated the two species,though considerable levels of introgression were also *** significantly,we detected a distinct genetic group of cultivated Juglans sigillata,which mainly comprised individuals of the popular ’Yangbidapao’ ***,a core set of 18 SSR loci was selected,which was capable of identifying 32 *** a nutshell,our results call for more utilization of genetically disparate material,including wild walnut trees,as parental sources to breed for more *** data reported herein will significantly contribute towards the genetic improvement and conservation of the walnut germplasm in southwest China.

关键词： Cultivars Genetic diversity Juglans sigillata Southwest China walnut

The Physiological and Molecular Responses of Exogenous Selenium to Selenium Content and Fruit Quality in walnut

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第3期92卷 851-860页

作者： Mufang Sun Xinran Hui Cuiling Tong Longyi Yuan Dejian Zhang Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University Xinyang464000China Tibet Plateau walnut Industry Research Institute Yangtze UniversityCollege of Horticulture and GardeningJingzhou434025China Jingzhou Institute of Technology Jingzhou434025China

To study the effect of exogenous selenium on fruit quality in walnut(Juglans regia L.),8-year-old walnut(Qingxiang)was taken as the research *** the fruit expansion stage,300 mg/L of sodium selenate,yeast selenium and sodium selenite solutions were applied on the leaf of walnut,and the selenium levels in leaves,pericarp and kernel were determined at the ripening *** fruit quality,mineral nutrient content,antioxidant enzyme activity,and related genes’expression were *** results showed that the three exogenous selenium increased the selenium levels in leaves,pericarp and kernel of *** also significantly increased fruit and kernel weights,and kernel linoleic acid,but markedly decreased kernel crude fat and saturated fatty *** spraying promoted the absorption of mineral nutrients such as potassium and zinc,but inhibited the absorption of calcium,and had no significant effect on iron and magnesium in the *** exogenous selenium increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and catalase(CAT)significantly in the *** for sodium selenate treatment significantly reduced malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the kernel,the other two selenium sources treatments had no significant effect on MDA and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)*** also increased the expression of JrCu/Zn-SOD,Jr2-Cys POD,JrCyt-APX and JrCAT in kernel,to different *** implies that,in the walnut fruit enlargement period,the foliar spraying selenium could increase the selenium content of walnut,affect the mineral nutrient absorption,improve the antioxidant capacity and related genes’expression,and reduce the degree of peroxide,and then improve the quality of ***,yeast selenium showed the comprehensive effect of the best.

关键词： Antioxidant system fruit quality mineral nutrient selenium walnut

Controlled synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe_3O_4 walnut spherical particles and octahedral microcrystals

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第11期51卷 1911-1920页

作者： JIAO Hua1,2 & YANG HeQing1 1 Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weinan Teachers University, Wei nan 714000, China Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Weinan Teachers University Wei nan China

Magnetite Fe3O4 walnut spherical particles and octahedral microcrystals were suc- cessfully synthesized from K4 [Fe (CN) 6], K3 [Fe (CN) 6] and NaOH reagents via a simple hydrothermal process. And the uniform morphology of octahedral micro- crystals was obtained in the presence of ethylene glycol. The morphology and structure of products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the Fe3O4 walnut spherical particles and octahedral microcrystals were single crystals with the face-center cubic structure and with size distributions from 2.2 to 8.6 μm and 1.6 to 12.5 μm, respectively. Their magnetic properties were detected by a vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. The walnut spherical parti- cles exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior with the coercive force (Hc), saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanent magnetization (Mr) being 150.57 Oe, 97.634 and 12.05 emu/g, respectively. For the octahedral microcrystals they were 75.28 Oe, 101.90 and 6.69 emu/g, respectively. Different sizes of walnut spherical particles were controlled synthesized through adjusting the NaOH concentration. It was found that ethylene glycol molecules have a significant effect on the formation of Fe3O4 octahedra. A possible mechanism was also proposed to account for the growth of these Fe3O4

关键词： a hydrothermal route Fe3O4 walnut spherical particles octahedral microcrystals magnetic property

Separation of shelled walnut particles using pneumatic method

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 88-93页

作者： A.Mokhtari Nahal A.Arabhosseini M.H.Kianmehr Department of Agrotechnology College of AbouraihanUniversity of TehranPakdasht ***TehranIran

Separation of shelled walnut particles was studied on two varieties of Persian walnut,Poost-Kaghazi and Poost-Sangi using pneumatic *** moisture contents of the samples were *** particles were considered in three categories of shell,kernel and shell-kernel *** category was manually classified based on their size,in three portions of 1/8,1/4,and 1/2,as well as the whole kernel and whole *** terminal velocity of each group was *** shelled walnuts were sieved and classified in three groups of small,medium and *** effects of separation time(5,10 and 15 seconds),feeding value(50 to 80 gr)and air velocity on separation of the kernels and shells were studied for both *** interaction effects were also studied for three walnut sizes(small,medium and large).The terminal velocity was the highest for the whole walnut and the whole kernel while it was lowest for 1/4 and 1/8 of the *** best separation was performed at air velocities of 9.20,10.04 and 10.94 m/s with 98.2%,98.9%and 98.2%,respectively.

关键词： Pneumatic separation of kernel and shell terminal velocity walnut postharvest shelled walnut Persian walnut

Mechanical properties and finite element analysis of walnut under different cracking parts

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 81-88页

作者： Hong Zhang Liuyang Shen Haipeng Lan Yong Li Yang Liu Yurong Tang Wen Li College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Tarim UniversityAlar 843300China College of Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China

In order to reduce mechanical damage and improve extraction quality of walnut kernel during walnut cracking,the Wen-185 walnut cultivar was selected as the research object,and the mechanical properties of walnut under different cracking parts were assessed by combining compression tests and finite element analysis(FEA)*** compression test results showed that the relationships between rupture force and deformation of walnut were nonlinear,and the cracking process of shell mainly consisted of three stages(elastic stage,plastic stage and composite elastic-plastic stage).The best method to crack walnut was the spherical compression,and the peak value of rupture force and corresponding deformation were 211.83 N and 1.68 mm,*** condition of spherical compression,the shell-breaking rate,first-grade kernel rate and whole kernel rate were(91.67±2.89)%,(88.33±2.89)%,(80.00±5.00)%,*** FEA results indicated that spherical compression was also the suitable way to rupture walnut,which resulted in the obvious propagation trends of shell cracks and further a better integrity of extracting walnut ***,the spherical contact form between walnut and cracking parts may be considered to design the structural shape of key components of walnut cracking machines,which was consistent with the analysis of compression test *** comparison between experiment results and FEA results showed that the established FEA model can be used to analyze the mechanical properties of *** research results can provide references for the structural design and optimization of key components of cracking machines for walnut or other nut crops.

关键词： walnut mechanical damage compression tests mechanical properties finite element analysis

Study on Top Grafting Technology of Bare Scions of walnut Trees in Eastern Hebei

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Asian Agricultural Research 2022年第6期14卷 41-42,46页

作者： Jinli LIU Qiuxiang YU Lixian CUI Jing LIU Zhongkui BAI Changli Institute of Pomology Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Changli 066600 China

[Objectives]To accelerate the improvement of walnut varieties and change the cultivation status of low yield and poor quality.[Methods]Through experimenting on the optimization technology of walnut trees,this paper studied the suitable top grafting period and scientific top grafting protection measures of walnut trees in Eastern Hebei,and established the top grafting technology system of ***,this paper explored the impact of different time and scientific management and protection measures on the survival rate and growth of bare scion top grafting of walnut trees.[Results]The grafting time had a great impact on the growth of new shoots,and there were significant differences in the survival rate among different grafting *** highest grafting survival rate was 96.97%on April 27 and the lowest grafting survival rate was 66.67%on May 4;the average survival rate was 78.10%.Among them,the survival rate of top grafting was the highest on April 20 and April *** growth of new shoots grafted in the early stage was greater than that in the late *** growth of new shoots and branches on April 8 and April 20 were the largest,with lengths of 160.3 and 143.7 cm;the thickness was 1.72 and 1.43 cm;the branch lengths were 79.8 and 63.4 cm;the branch thickness was 0.98 and 0.82 cm;the growth index was also the highest on April 8 and April 20 at 10,20,30 d after grafting,which was significantly different from other time periods.[Conclusions]walnut trees with early grafting in Eastern Hebei can quickly restore their crown growth and had higher yield,thus this technology can be widely applied in Eastern Hebei or Yanshan area.

关键词： walnut Top grafting Survival rate Growth

Classification of different walnut varieties using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology and cluster analysis

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第6期12卷 116-121页

作者： Ping Song He Gao Baojun Zhao Aiguo Zhang Feng Liu College of Information and Electrical Engineering Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China Service Center of Liaoning Forestry Development Shenyang 110036China Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry Dalian 116031China

To classify different walnut varieties based on water and oil content of walnut,and determine their storage conditions,the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LFNMR)technology was used to obtain the NMR transverse relaxation time(T 2)of the samples based on the physical and chemical indicators of the walnut *** relationship between the relaxation time and phase state of the internal material of the sample was investigated,and the characteristic parameters of the NMR spectrum signals were statistically analyzed using cluster analysis to determine the different walnut varieties,and three different components,as well as their contents,were detected by a LFNMR spectrometer:firmly bound water,weakly bound water,and weakly bound *** results indicated that the oil peak was dominant in the overall signal intensity compared to the water peaks,in which the firmly bound water phase contributed more to the overall water signal between the water *** the analytic hierarchy process of cluster analysis,21 walnut samples were classified into three different classes,based on the characteristic parameters of the water-content and oil-content spectrum *** first class contains four walnut varieties characterized by least water and highest oil contents;the third class contains two walnut varieties,with the highest water content and least oil content;whereas,the second class contains 15 walnut varieties,with both water and oil contents at medium *** results showed that LFNMR led to a rapid detection of moisture and oil contents in walnuts,while cluster analysis classified different walnuts varieties based on these *** study also provided the basis for optimizing the storage methods and storage conditions of walnuts.

关键词： low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology transverse relaxation time walnut cluster analysis decay curves