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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1458-1467页

作者： Lu Nan Yikui Liu Lei Wu Tianqi Liu Chuan He College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology

Contingency analysis is an important building block in the stability and reliability analysis of power grid operations. However, due to the large number of transmission lines,in practice only a limited number of contingencies could be evaluated. This paper proposes a graph theory based N-1 contingency selection method to effectively identify the most critical contingencies, which can be used in security-constrained unit commitment(SCUC) problems to derive secure and economic operation decisions of the power grid. Specifically, the power flow transferring path identification algorithm and the vulnerability index are put forward to rank individual contingencies according to potential transmission line overloads. Effectiveness of the proposed N-1 contingency selection method is quantified by applying the corresponding SCUC solution to the full N-1 security evaluation, i. e., quantifying total post-contingency generation-load imbalance in all N-1 contingencies. Numerical results on several benchmark IEEE systems, including5-bus, 24-bus, and 118-bus systems, show effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with existing contingency selection methods which usually resort to full power flow calculations,the proposed method relies on power gird topology to effectively identify critical contingencies for facilitating the optimal scheduling of SCUC problems.

关键词： Concentric relaxation contingency analysis graph theory security-constrained unit commitment(SCUC) shortest path vulnerability index

Single-station microtremor surveys for site characterization:A case study in Erzurum city,eastern Turkey

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第3期23卷 563-576页

作者： Fatih Karsli Erdem Bayrak The Higher Education Credit and Hostels Institution Ministry of Youth and SportsErzurum 25240Turkey Earthquake Research Centre Ataturk UniversityErzurum 25240Turkey Department of Civil Engineering Ataturk UniversityErzurum 25240Turkey

The single-station microtremor method is one of the fastest,most reliable,and cheapest methods used to identify dynamic soil *** study utilizes 49 single-station microtremor measurements to identify the dynamic soil properties of the Hilalkent quarter of the Yakutiye district in *** dominant frequency and the amplification factor were calculated by using the Nakamura horizontal/vertical spectral ratio(H/V)*** the soil dominant frequency values varied between 0.4 Hz and 10 Hz,the soil amplification factor changed between 1 and *** H/V values were acquired with lower frequency *** vulnerability index(K_(g))and shear strain parameters that are utilized to estimate the damage that may be caused by an earthquake were *** in the west side of the study area,higher K_(g) values were *** shear strain map was created with 0.25 g,0.50 g and 0.75 g bedrock accelerations,and soil types that lost elasticity during an earthquake were *** average shear wave velocity for the first 30 m(V_(s30))was ***,it was observed that the western part of the study area,which resulted in a higher period and higher H/V,higher K_(g) and lower V_(s30) values,presents a higher risk of damage during an earthquake.

关键词： Nakamura horizontal/vertical spectral ratio single-station microtremor predominant frequency vulnerability index Erzurum

vulnerability to Earthquake Hazard:Bucharest Case Study,Romania

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 182-195页

作者： Iuliana Armas Dragos Toma-Danila Radu Ionescu Alexandru Gavris Department of Geomorphology-Pedology-Geomatics Faculty of GeographyUniversity of Bucharest National Institute for Earth Physics Department of Tourism and Geography Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Recent seismic events show that urban areas are increasingly vulnerable to seismic damage,which leads to unprecedented levels of *** are complex systems and as such their analysis requires a good understanding of the interactions between space and the socioeconomic variables characteristic of the inhabitants of urban *** is a clear need to develop and test detailed models that describe the behavior of these interactions under seismic *** article develops an overall vulnerability index to seismic hazard based on a spatial approach applied to Bucharest,Romania,the most earthquake-prone capital in the European *** methodology relies on:(1) spatial post-processed socioeconomic data from the2011 Romanian census through multicriteria analysis;and(2) analytical methods(the Improved Displacement Coefficient Method and custom-defined vulnerability functions)for estimating damage patterns,incorporated in a GIS *** computed vulnerability indices for the128 census tracts of the *** sensitivity assessment tested the robustness of spatially identified patterns of building vulnerability in the face of uncertainty in model *** results show that useful seismic vulnerability indices can be obtained through interdisciplinaryapproaches that enhance less detailed datasets,which leads lead to better targeted mitigation efforts.

关键词： Bucharest Romania Seismic loss estimation Seismic risk Spatial multicriteria analysis vulnerability index

vulnerability analysis of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change: an agroecological system-based approach in the Fincha’a sub-basin of the upper Blue Nile Basin of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 49-66页

作者： Israel Tessema Belay Simane Center for Environment and Development College of Development StudiesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia Environmental Engineering College of Biological and Chemical EngineeringAddis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Ethiopia is frequently cited as a country that is highly vulnerable to climate variability and *** country’s high vulnerability arises mostly from climate-sensitive agricultural sector that suffers a lot from risks associated with rainfall *** vulnerability factors(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of the agricultural livelihoods to climate variability and change differ across agro-ecological systems(AESs).Therefore,the aim of this study was to analyze AES-specific vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climate variability and change in the Fincha’a *** surveyed 380 respondents from 4 AESs(highland,midland,wetland,and lowland)randomly ***,focus group discussion and key informant interviews were also performed to supplement and substantiate the quantitative *** vulnerability index was employed to analyze the levels of smallholders’agriculture vulnerability to climate variability and *** on socioeconomic and biophysical attribute were collected and combined into the indices and vulnerability score was calculated for each agro-ecological ***:Considerable variation was observed across the agro-ecological systems in profile,indicator,and the three livelihood vulnerability indices-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change dimensions(exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity)of *** lowland AES exhibited higher exposure,low adaptive capacity,and high vulnerability,while the midland AES demonstrated lower exposure,higher adaptive capacity,and lower *** wetland and highland AESs scored intermediate ***:Our results suggest that resilience-building adaptation strategies are vital to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder *** measures taken should consider site-specific agro-ecological system requirements to reduce the vulnerability of smallholder mixed crop-livestock agriculture *** the approach based on the long-term rea

关键词： vulnerability index Exposure Sensitivity Adaptation capacity Fincha’a sub-basin

Rural households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate variability and extremes: a livelihood zone-based approach in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 749-771页

作者： Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Bahir Dar UniversityP.O.Box 79Bahir DarEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Debremarkos UniversityP.O.Box 269DebremarkosEthiopia

Background:The adverse effects of climate variability and extremes exert increasing pressure on rural farm households whose livelihoods are dependent on ***,integrated and area-specific vulnerability assessments in Ethiopia in general and the study area,in particular,are scarce and insufficient for policy ***,this study aims to quantify,map,classify,and prioritize the level of vulnerability in terms of the components of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity in the Northeastern Highlands of *** study area is divided into six livelihood zones,namely,Abay-Beshilo Basin(ABB),South Wollo and Oromia eastern lowland sorghum and cattle(SWS),Chefa Valley(CHV),Meher-Belg,Belg,and Meher.A total of 361 sample households were selected using proportional probability sampling *** questionnaire,key informant interview,and focus group discussions were used to collect the necessary *** and temperature data were also *** the IPCC’s climate change vulnerability assessment approach,the climate vulnerability index(CVI)framework of Sullivan and Meigh’s model was used to assess the relative vulnerability of livelihoods of rural ***-four vulnerability indicators were identified for exposure,sensitivity,and adaptive capacity *** this regard,Iyengar and Sudarshan’s unequal weighting system was applied to assign a weight to ***:The results revealed that Belg and Meher were found to be the highest exposure livelihood zones to vulnerability with an aggregated value of ***,SWS,ABB,Belg,and CHV livelihood zones showed moderate level of sensitivity to vulnerability with an aggregated value between 0.45 and *** study noted that livelihood zone of Belg(0.75)was found to be at high level of livelihood ***(0.57)and CHV(0.45)were at a moderate level of livelihood vulnerability while Meher-Belg(0.22)was the least vulnerable livelihood zone due to a high level o

关键词： Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive capacity vulnerability index Sullivan and Meigh’s model Ethiopia

Risk factors for schistosomiasis in an urban area in northern Cote d’Ivoire

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 460-471页

作者： Richard K.M’Bra Brama Kone Yapi G.Yapi Kigbafori D.Silue Ibrahima Sy Danielle Vienneau Nagnin Soro Gueladio Cisse Jurg Utzinger Unitede Formation et de Recherche des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minieres Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny01 BP V 34Abidjan 01Cpte d’Ivoire Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cpte d’Ivoire 01 BP 1303Abidjan 01Cote d’Ivoire Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute P.O.BoxCH-4002BaselSwitzerland University of Basel P.O.BoxCH-4003BaselSwitzerland Institut de Gestion Agropastorale UniversitéPéléforo Gon CoulibalyBP 1328KorhogoCote d’Ivoire Centre d’Entomologie Medicale et Veterinaire Universite Alassane Ouattara27 BP 529Abidjan 27Cote d’Ivoire Unitede Formation et de Recherche Biosciences Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny22 BP 522Abidjan 22Cote d’Ivoire Centre de Suivi Ecologique BP 15532DakarSenegal.

Background:Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus *** aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)and environmental and socioeconomic factors in the city of Korhogo,northern Côte d'***:A cross-sectional study including 728 randomly selected households was conducted in Korhogo in March *** heads of the households were interviewed about access to WASH and environmental and socioeconomic *** children abed between 5 and 15 years living in the households were selected to provide stool and urine samples for parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium *** relationship between infection with *** and potential risk factors was analysed by a mixed logistic regression model with‘household’as a random *** ratio tests were used to identify factors that were significantly associated with a Schistosoma ***:The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis among school-aged children in Korhogo was 1.9%(45/2341)composed of 0.3%(3/1248)*** and 3.5%(42/1202)*** to the low prevalence of *** infection,risk factor analysis was limited to *** were 7.8 times more likely to be infected with *** than *** between 10 and 15 years of age were 3.8 times more likely to be infected than their younger counterparts aged 5-10 ***,living in a house further away from a water access point(odds ratio[OR]=0.29,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.13-0.70)and abstaining from swimming in open freshwater bodies(OR=0.16,95%CI:0.04-0.56)were significantly associated with decreased odds of *** *** socioeconomic status did not appear to influence the prevalence of ***:A strategy to reduce the incidence of schistosomiasis should focus on health education to change the b

关键词： Cote d’Ivoire Schistosomiasis School-aged children Urban agriculture vulnerability index Water Sanitation and Hygiene(WASH)

Liquefaction assessment using microtremor measurement, conventional method and artificial neural network （Case study： Babol, Iran）

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2014年第3期8卷 292-307页

作者： Sadegh REZAEI Asskar Janalizadeh CHOOBBASTI Department of Civil Engineering Babol University of Technology Babol P O. Box 484 Iran

Recent researchers have discovered microtremor applications for evaluating the liquefaction potential. Microtremor measurement is a fast, applicable and cost-effective method with extensive applications. In the present research the liquefaction potential has been reviewed by utilization of microtremor measurement results in Babol city. For this purpose microtremor measurements were performed at 60 measurement stations and the data were analyzed by suing Nakmaura＇s method. By using the fundamental frequency and amplification factor, the value of vulnerability index （Kg） was calculated and the liquefaction potential has been evaluated. To control the accuracy of this method, its output has been compared with the results of Seed and Idriss [1] method in 30 excavated boreholes within the study area. Also, the results obtained by the artificial neural network （ANN） were compared with microtremor measurement. Regarding the results of these three methods, it was concluded that the threshold value of liquefaction potential is Kg = 5. On the basis of the analysis performed in this research it is concluded that microtremors have the capability of assessing the liquefaction potential with desirable accuracy.

关键词： liquefaction microtremor vulnerability index artificial neural networks (ANN) microzonation

Effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2020年第3期7卷 325-332页

作者： Rui Zhang Lue Ha Rui He Yueping Huang Hao Wang Baixiao Zhao School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing100029China

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids,aorta and liver pathology,and carotid plaque stability in ***:Fifty-four 8-week-old ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups(untreated,moxibustion,and moxa smoke)and received a high-fat *** wild-type C57 BL/6 mice of the same age were used as *** intervention(none,moxibustion between the nipples,or 10 e15 mg/m^3 moxa smoke)was applied to restrained mice 20 min per day,six days per week,for 12 *** the end of the experimental period,we measured serum lipids and apolipoprotein,stained thoracic aortas and livers to observe pathological changes,and used immunohistochemical staining to assess the levels of a-smooth muscle actin,CD68,tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear transcription factor-κB,and P38 mitogen-activated protein *** also measured the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and tissue metalloproteinase ***:After 12 weeks,lipid metabolism disorder and atherosclerotic plaques were observed in the ApoE^-/- *** or moxa smoke reduced the levels of serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low density lipoprotein,and very low density lipoprotein but did not affect the levels of high density lipoprotein,apolipoprotein A1,or oxidized low density *** or moxa smoke suppressed pathological changes in thoracic aortas and livers,increased fiber cap thickness,the fiber cap thickness/intimal medial thickness ratio,and collagen area percentage,and reduced extracellular *** with moxibustion or moxa smoke increased a-smooth muscle actin and reduced CD68 and the vulnerability index,suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear transcription factor-κB expression,and did not affect P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase *** lowered the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 and increased those of tissue metalloproteinase ***:Moxibustion or moxa smo

关键词： Atherosclerosis Matrix metalloproteinase vulnerability index Tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor

MCDA techniques used in optimization of weights and ratings of DRASTIC model for groundwater vulnerability assessment

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Data Science and Management 2022年第1期5卷 28-41页

作者： Prashant Kumar Reema Sharma Subhasis Bhaumik CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation Chandigarh160030India Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology ShibpurHowrah711103India

DRASTIC is a very simple and common model used for the assessment of groundwater to *** model is widely used across the world in various hydrogeological environments for groundwater vulnerability *** Ohio Water Well Association(OWWA)developed DRASTIC model in *** the years,several modifications have been made in this model as per the need of the regional assessment of groundwater to *** model has fixed weights for its parameters and fixed ratings for the sub-parameters under the main *** weights and ratings of DRASTIC parameters were fixed on the basis of Delphi network technique,which is the best technique for the consensus-building of experts,but it lacks scientific *** the years,several optimization techniques have been used to optimize these weights and *** work intends to present a critical analysis of decision optimization techniques used to get the optimum values of weights and *** inherent pros and cons and the optimization challenges associated with these techniques have also been *** finding of this study is that the application of MCDA optimization techniques used to optimize the weights and ratings of DRASTIC model to assess the vulnerability of groundwater depend on the availability of hydrogeological data,the pilot study area and the level of required accuracy for earmarking the vulnerable *** is recommended that one must choose the appropriate MCDA technique for the particular region because unnecessary complex structure for optimization process takes more time,efforts,resources,and implementation costs.

关键词： DRASTIC Model vulnerability index Analytic Hierarchy Process MCDA techniques Neural networks Fuzzy logic

Socioeconomic Determinants of Farmers’ vulnerability to Climate Variability and Extreme Events in Kitui County, Kenya

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第4期13卷 647-663页

作者： Evelyn J. Mutunga Charles K. Ndungu Moses Mwangi Patrick C. Kariuki Department of Environmental Science and Land Resources Management South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya Department of Hydrology and Aquatic Sciences South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya Geothermal Energy Training and Research Institute Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya

A field survey was carried out to model farmers’ vulnerability to climate variability and extreme events in selected agroecological zones in Kitui County. The indicator approach was used to calculate the overall household vulnerability index, where Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to allocate weights to indicators of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Multinomial logistic regression was run in Stata to model the influence of socioeconomic characteristics on farmers’ vulnerability levels. The study established that different socioeconomic characteristics of households had a varying influence on the households’ vulnerability levels. Proximity to the Market and the arid agroecological zone significantly reduced the probability of a household belonging to the low and moderate vulnerability categories. On the other hand, the education level and the semi-humid zone significantly increased the odds of a household belonging to the low vulnerability category. Further, access to credit facilities and the semi-humid agroecological zone significantly increased the odds of a household belonging to the moderate vulnerability category. The study thus recommends that policy interventions should target specific socioeconomic characteristics that influence households’ vulnerability to climate variability and extreme events.

关键词： vulnerability index Principal Component Analysis Multinomial Logistic Regression Households