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Lipid concentration and composition in xylem sap of woody angiosperms from a tropical savanna and a seasonal rainforest

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Plant Diversity 2024年第1期46卷 126-133页

作者： Ling-Bo Huang Xinyi Guan Amy Ny Aina Aritsara Jun-Jie Zhu Steven Jansen Kun-Fang Cao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and ConservationGuangxi UniversityDaxuedong Road 100NanningGuangxi 530004China Institute of Botany Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 11Ulm89081Germany

Lipids may play an important role in preventing gas embolisms by coating nanobubbles in xylem sap.Few studies on xylem sap lipids have been reported for temperate plants,and it remain unclear whether sap lipids have adaptational significance in tropical plants.In this study,we quantify the lipid composition of xylem sap for angiosperm species from a tropical savanna(seven species)and a seasonal rainforest(five species)using mass spectrometry.We found that all twelve species studied contained lipids in their xylem sap,including galactolipids,phospholipids and triacylglycerol,with a total lipid concentration ranging from 0.09 to 0.26 nmol/L.There was no difference in lipid concentration or composition between plants from the two sites,and the lipid concentration was negatively related to species’open vessel volume.Furthermore,savanna species showed little variation in lipid composition between the dry and the rainy season.These results support the hypothesis that xylem sap lipids are derived from the cytoplasm of individual conduit cells,remain trapped inside individual conduits,and undergo few changes in composition over consecutive seasons.A xylem sap lipidomic data set,which includes 12 tropical tree species from this study and 11 temperate tree species from literature,revealed no phylogenetic signals in lipid composition for these species.This study fills a knowledge gap in the lipid content of xylem sap in tropical trees and provides additional support for their common distribution in xylem sap of woody angiosperms.It appears that xylem sap lipids have no adaptive significance.

关键词： Xylem sap Lipids Tropical savanna Tropical rainforest vessels

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Advances in air pollution control for vessels in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 212-221页

作者： Yanping Yang Yue Gong Ying Wang Xuecheng Wu Zhiying Zhou Weiguo Weng Yongxin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization College of Energy EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Energy Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.Ltd. Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Vessel emissions have contributed a great deal to air quality deterioration in China.Hence,the Chinese government has promulgated a series of stringent emission regulations.It is in this context that vessel emission control technology research is in full swing.In particular,during the 13th Five-Year Plan,the air pollution control technology of vessels has greatly improved.Vessel emission control has followed two main governance routes:source emission reduction and aftertreatment technology.Source control focuses on alternative fuels,with two main directions,the development of new fuels and the modification of existing fuels.Moreover,after-treatment technologies have also been developed,including wet desulfurization technology using seawater or alkaline liquids as wet washing liquids and selective catalytic reduction(SCR)for the control of NOx emission.Due to China’s increasingly stringent emissions standards and regulations,work on the development of clean alternative fuels and further upgrading the collaborative application of after-treatment technologies to meet the near-zero-emissions requirements of vessels is still necessary.

关键词： vessels Legislation Emission control Liquefied natural gas Desulfurization Selective catalytic reduction

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Segmentation of vessels by Morphological Filters and Dynamic Thresholding

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2006年第3期15卷 327-330页

作者：袁慧晶肖杰王涌天刘越 School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

A method of segmenting vessels by morphological filters and dynamic thresholding for digital subtraction angiography （DSA） images is presented. The first step is to reduce the noise and enhance the details of image by using morpholngical operators. The second is to segment vessels by dynamic thresholding combined with global thresholding based on the properties of DSA images. Artificial images and actual images have been tested. Experiment results show that the proposed method is efficient and is of great potential for the segmentation of vessels in medical images.

关键词： mathematical morphology segmentation thresholding vessels

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From static to dynamic:live observation of the support system after ischemic stroke by two photon-excited fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2093-2107页

作者： Xuan Wu Jia-Rui Li Yu Fu Dan-Yang Chen Hao Nie Zhou-Ping Tang Department of Neurology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Geriatrics Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of mortality and disability worldwide.However,treatment efficacy and the progress of research remain unsatisfactory.As the critical support system and essential components in neurovascular units,glial cells and blood vessels(including the bloodbrain barrier)together maintain an optimal microenvironment for neuronal function.They provide nutrients,regulate neuronal excitability,and prevent harmful substances from entering brain tissue.The highly dynamic networks of this support system play an essential role in ischemic stroke through processes including brain homeostasis,supporting neuronal function,and reacting to injuries.However,most studies have focused on postmortem animals,which inevitably lack critical information about the dynamic changes that occur after ischemic stroke.Therefore,a high-precision technique for research in living animals is urgently needed.Two-photon fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy is a powerful imaging technique that can facilitate live imaging at high spatiotemporal resolutions.Twophoton fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy can provide images of the whole-cortex vascular 3D structure,information on multicellular component interactions,and provide images of structure and function in the cranial window.This technique shifts the existing research paradigm from static to dynamic,from flat to stereoscopic,and from single-cell function to multicellular intercommunication,thus providing direct and reliable evidence to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms following ischemic stroke in an intact brain.In this review,we discuss exciting findings from research on the support system after ischemic stroke using two-photon fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy,highlighting the importance of dynamic observations of cellular behavior and interactions in the networks of the brain’s support systems.We show the excellent application prospects and advantages of two-photon fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy and predict future research develo

关键词： astrocytes blood-brain barrier calcium signaling glymphatic system ischemic stroke microglia network remodel two-photon fluorescence laser-scanning microscopy vessels

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The effect of an adaptation to hypoxia on cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2023年第4期37卷 230-254页

作者： Natalia V.Naryzhnaya Leonid N.Maslov Ivan A.Derkachev Huijie Ma Yi Zhang NRajendra Prasad Nirmal Singh Feng Fu Jianming Pei Akpay Sarybaev Akylbek Sydykov Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology Cardiology Research InstituteTomsk National Research Medical CenterRussian Academy of ScienceTomskTomsk Region 634012Russia Department of Physiology Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangHebei 050017China Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Faculty of ScienceAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnadu 608002India Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi UniversityPatialaPunjabi 147002India Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology National Key Discipline of Cell BiologySchool of Basic Medicinethe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi 710032China Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension National Center of Cardiology and Internal MedicineBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz-Indian Mountain Biomedical Research Center Bishkek 720033Kyrgyzstan Department of Internal Medicine Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Justus Liebig University of GiessenGiessenHessen 35392Germany Department of Mountain and Sleep Medicine and Pulmonary Hypertension National Center of Cardiology and Internal MedicineBishkek 720040Kyrgyzstan.

The acute myocardial infarction(AMI)and sudden cardiac death(SCD),both associated with acute cardiac ischemia,are one of the leading causes of adult death in economically developed countries.The development of new approaches for the treatment and prevention of AMI and SCD remains the highest priority for medicine.A study on the cardiovascular effects of chronic hypoxia(CH)may contribute to the development of these methods.Chronic hypoxia exerts both positive and adverse effects.The positive effects are the infarct-reducing,vasoprotective,and antiarrhythmic effects,which can lead to the improvement of cardiac contractility in reperfusion.The adverse effects are pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.This review presents a comprehensive overview of how CH enhances cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.It is an in-depth analysis of the published data on the underlying mechanisms,which can lead to future development of the cardioprotective effect of CH.A better understanding of the CH-activated protective signaling pathways may contribute to new therapeutic approaches in an increase of cardiac tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion.

关键词： heart vessels infarct size arrhythmias chronic hypoxia

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Time dependent dispersion of nanoparticles in blood vessels

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2010年第5期3卷 517-524页

作者： Francesco Gentile Paolo Decuzzi 不详

The dispersion of intravasculary injected nanoparticles can be efficiently described by introducing an effective diffusion coefficient Deff which quantifies the longitudinal mass transport in blood vessels. Here, the original work of Gill and Sankarasubramanian was modified and extended to include 1) the variati- on over time of Deff;2) the permeability of the blood vessels and 3) non-Newtonian rheology of blood. A general solution was provided for Deff depending on space (?), time (?), plug radius (?c) and a subset of permeability parameters. It was shown that increasing the vessel plug radius (thus hematocrit) or permeability leads to a reduction in Deff, limiting the transport of nanoparticles across those vessels. It was also shown that the asymptotic time beyond which the solution attains the steady state behaviour is always independent of the plug radius and wall permeability. The analysis presented can more accurately predict the transport of nanoparticles in blood vessels, compared to previously developed models.

关键词： Nanoparticle Transport Casson Fluid Permeable Blood vessels Drug Delivery

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Optimal Minimum Number of CT Slices Required to Measure Cross Sectional Areas of Small Pulmonary vessels

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2015年第2期5卷 71-77页

作者： Shingo Sakamoto Shoichiro Matsushita Akiyuki Kotoku Hayato Tomita Yuki Saito Shinji Saruya Shin Matsuoka Tsuneo Yamashiro Atsuko Fujikawa Kunihiro Yagihashi Yasuo Nakajima Department of Radiology St. Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan Department of Radiology Graduate School of Medical Science University of the Ryukyus Nishihara Japan

The cross-sectional area (CSA) of small pulmonary vessels can be quantified by CT, which is a reliable method of evaluating vascular alterations in such vessels. However, the optimal number of slices required for accurate quantitation remains unknown. We evaluated relationships among all slices at 10-mm interval and all slices at 3-cm interval, 6-cm interval, and 3-slices and found the closest correlation (0.939) between all slices at 10-mm intervals and 3-cm intervals. Thus, all slices at 3-cm intervals are suitable for accurately measuring CSA.

关键词： Computed Tomography Cross-Sectional Area Pulmonary vessels Quantitative Analysis

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Structural Changes of the Liver vessels in Compensated and Decompensated Coarctation of Aorta in Experimental Studies

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 123-130页

作者： S. V. Shormanov S. V. Kulikov Department of Anatomy Yaroslavl State Medical University Yaroslavl Russia

Our studies allowed us to establish that simulating coarctation of aorta in laboratory animals results in tone reduction of vessels carrying blood to the liver and from it and a subsequent development of their intima atrophy. In spite of that fact the number of vessels containing intimal musculature, muscularelastic sphincters and polypoid pulvini in the arterial bed flow increases and in the major outflowing veins, on the contrary, thinning of their muscular tori takes place. Appearance and functioning in the hepatic vessels of adaptive formations contributes to keeping up homeostasis at the microcirculatory level. With cardiac decompensation decreasing because of venous plethora, hypotonia and atrophy of the intima of the vessels responsible for the blood inflow to the liver and the outflow from it progress. Besides, the number of arteries and the rate of development of arteries with adaptive smooth muscle formations in the arteries, as well as in hepatic veins with muscular tori decreases dramatically. The reason of compensatory reaction failure is a long-term hypoxia leading to vessel and their adaptive formation sclerosis. The consequence of the exhaustion of the above-mentioned mechanisms is development of perisinusoidal fibrosis and depression of the transcapillary metabolism.

关键词： Coarctation of Aorta Hepatic vessels Compensation Decompensation

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Cyclic Changes of Lymphatic and Venous vessels in Human Endometrium

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Open Journal of Pathology 2014年第4期4卷 194-205页

作者： Tatsuo Tomita Kuni Mah Departments of Integrative Biosciences Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA Departments of Pathology Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA Oregon National Primate Center Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon USA

Context: Cyclic changes of endometrial arteries are well established but possible cyclic changes of lymphatic and venous vessels have not been fully documented. There are no published morphological reports to support cyclic changes of endometrial lymphatic and venous vessels. Objective: Using cryosections of human endometrium, this study aimed to unveil possible cyclic changes of lymphatic and venous vessels. We previously reported cyclic changes of lymphatic vessels in human endometrium using D2-40. Design: A total of 16 cases representing menstrual, proliferative and mid and late secretary phase were studied. For Immunocytochemical staining, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 and von Willebr and factor were used for lymphatic and venous vessels, respectively. We used polyclonal LYVE-1 in this study, which revealed more lymphatic vessels than using D2-40. Results: Residual lymphatic and venous vessels were present in menstrual basalis. In Day 5 - 9 endometrium, there were sparse lymphatic vessels but were numerous growing venous vessels in thin proliferating functionalis. In Day 14 - 22 endometrium, there were scattered lymphatic vessels and numerous venous vessels in functionalis. In Day 25 - 26 endometrium, there were many dilated lymphatic vessels and numerous dilated, disintegrating venous vessels in upper functionalis than lower functionalis. Conclusion: The above findings support that lymphatic vessels are sparse but venous vessels are numerous in early proliferative functionalis. Lymphatic vessels grow from basalis to thin functionalis. In premenstrual phase, lymphatic vessels proliferate from lower to upper functionalis, and both lymphatic and venous vessels disintegrate for shedding by this immunocytochemical study using lymphatic and venous markers. Thus, all lymphatic, venous and arterial vessels undergo menstrual cyclic changes and shed for menstruation.

关键词： Factor-8 Human Endometrium Lymphatic vessels LYVE-1 Venous vessels

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Cyclic Changes of Lymphatic vessels in Human Endometrium

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Open Journal of Pathology 2014年第1期4卷 5-12页

作者： Tatsuo Tomita Kuni Mah Departments of Integrative Biosciences Oregon Health & Science University Portland USA Department of Pathology Oregon Health & Science University Portland USA Oregon National Primate Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland USA Oregon National Primate Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland USA

Objective: The presence of lymphatic vessels in endometrium has been controversial and recent immunocytochemical studies with routinely paraffin embedded sections revealed lymphatic vessels in basalis and occasionally in functionalis. We aimed to investigate endometrial lymphatic vessels by immunocytochemical staining using cryosections, which provided better and consistent immunostaining for lymphatic vessels with a lymphatic marker, D2-40. We aimed further to explore the structure-function relationship of lymphatic vessels in the menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: Sixteen cases of endometrium from menstrual, early-proliferative to latesecretary phase were immunostained for D2-40 and lymphatic vessels were morphometrically analyzed for functionalis, basalis and myometrium, respectively. Results: Lymphatic vessels were consistently most numerous in myometrium, followed by basalis in all phases whereas menstrual endometrium showed small, fragmented aggregates of lymphatic vessels in thin basalis. Earlyto mid-secretary endometrium revealed many lymphatic vessels in basalis and lower-functionalis with few lymphatic vessels in upper-functionalis. Late-secretary endometrium revealed more lymphatic vessels in upper-functionalis with dilated walls, which then burst at the surface of functionalis. Conclusions: These degenerating lymphatic vessels with markedly dilated lumen in upper-functionalis may contribute to lymphatic leakage in late-secretary phase. These immunostained lymphatic vessels in functionalis support proliferating and degenerating lymphatic vessel cycle synchronized with the menstrual cycle of endometrial arteries to maintain adequate fluid leakage.

关键词： Basalis D2-40 Human Endometrium Funtionalis Immunocytochemistry Lymphatic vessels

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